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Mohanty S, Mishra BK, Dasgupta M, Acharya GC, Singh S, Naresh P, Bhue S, Dixit A, Sarkar A, Sahoo MR. Deciphering phenotyping, DNA barcoding, and RNA secondary structure predictions in eggplant wild relatives provide insights for their future breeding strategies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13829. [PMID: 37620406 PMCID: PMC10449851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggplant or aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) and its wild cousins, comprising 13 clades with 1500 species, have an unprecedented demand across the globe. Cultivated eggplant has a narrow molecular diversity that hinders eggplant breeding advancements. Wild eggplants need resurgent attention to broaden eggplant breeding resources. In this study, we emphasized phenotypic and genotypic discriminations among 13 eggplant species deploying chloroplast-plastid (Kim matK) and nuclear (ITS2) short gene sequences (400-800 bp) at DNA barcode region followed by ITS2 secondary structure predictions. The identification efficiency at the Kim matK region was higher (99-100%) than in the ITS2 region (80-90%). The eggplant species showed 13 unique secondary structures with a central ring with various helical orientations. Principal component analysis (PCoA) provides the descriptor-wise phenotypic clustering, which is essential for trait-specific breeding. Groups I and IV are categorized under scarlet complexes S. aethiopicum, S. trilobatum, and S. melongena (wild and cultivated). Group II represented the gboma clade (S. macrocarpon, S. wrightii, S. sisymbriifolium, and S. aculeatissimum), and group III includes S. mammosum, and S. torvum with unique fruit shape and size. The present study would be helpful in genetic discrimination, biodiversity conservation, and the safe utilization of wild eggplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansuta Mohanty
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAS), Siksha O Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Bandana Kumari Mishra
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Madhumita Dasgupta
- ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, 795004, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAS), Siksha O Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Gobinda Chandra Acharya
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Satyapriya Singh
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Ponnam Naresh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India
| | - Shyamlal Bhue
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Anshuman Dixit
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahoo
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India.
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Le DD, Min KH, Lee M. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacities of Fractions and Constituents from Vicia tetrasperma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051044. [PMID: 37237910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The young leaves and shoots of V. tetrasperma are consumed daily as cooked vegetables and can provide various health benefits. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of its total extract and fractions were accessed for the first time in this study. The bioactivities guided the separation of the active fraction (EtOAc), leading to the identification of nine flavonoid glycoside compositions from this plant for the first time. In addition, the fractions and all isolates were evaluated for their inhibition against NO and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 and HT-29 cell lines, respectively. The most active ingredient was further assayed for its inhibitory abilities to iNOS and COX-2 proteins. Indeed, its mechanisms of action modes were confirmed by Western blotting assays through the reduction in their expression levels. An in silico approach revealed the substantial binding energies of docked compounds into established complexes to verify their anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, the presence of active components in the plant was validated by an established method on the UPLC-DAD system. Our research has boosted the value of this vegetable's daily use and provided a therapeutic approach for the development of functional food products for health improvement regarding the treatment of oxidation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Dat Le
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Min
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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Acharya GC, Mohanty S, Dasgupta M, Sahu S, Singh S, Koundinya AVV, Kumari M, Naresh P, Sahoo MR. Molecular Phylogeny, DNA Barcoding, and ITS2 Secondary Structure Predictions in the Medicinally Important Eryngium Genotypes of East Coast Region of India. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091678. [PMID: 36140845 PMCID: PMC9498504 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial interest in the culinary herb, Eryngium foetidum L., has increased worldwide due to its typical pungency, similar to coriander or cilantro, with immense pharmaceutical components. The molecular delimitation and taxonomic classification of this lesser-known medicinal plant are restricted to conventional phenotyping and DNA-based marker evaluation, which hinders accurate identification, genetic conservation, and safe utilization. This study focused on species discrimination using DNA sequencing with chloroplast–plastid genes (matK, Kim matK, and rbcL) and the nuclear ITS2 gene in two Eryngium genotypes collected from the east coast region of India. The results revealed that matK discriminated between two genotypes, however, Kim matK, rbcL, and ITS2 identified these genotypes as E. foetidum. The ribosomal nuclear ITS2 region exhibited significant inter- and intra-specific divergence, depicted in the DNA barcodes and the secondary structures derived based on the minimum free energy. Although the efficiency of matK genes is better in species discrimination, ITS2 demonstrated polyphyletic phylogeny, and could be used as a reliable marker for genetic divergence studies understanding the mechanisms of RNA molecules. The results of this study provide insights into the scientific basis of species identification, genetic conservation, and safe utilization of this important medicinal plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobinda Chandra Acharya
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Sansuta Mohanty
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Madhumita Dasgupta
- ICAR Research Complex for Northeastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Supriya Sahu
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Satyapriya Singh
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Ayyagari V. V. Koundinya
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Meenu Kumari
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, Ranchi 834010, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ponnam Naresh
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560089, Karnataka, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahoo
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-674-2471867; Fax: +91-674-2471712
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Bosmali I, Lagiotis G, Haider N, Osathanunkul M, Biliaderis C, Madesis P. DNA-Based Identification of Eurasian Vicia Species Using Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Barcodes. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070947. [PMID: 35406927 PMCID: PMC9003045 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many legume species of the Vicia L. genus (Fabaceae Lindl.) are key components of the Mediterranean diet and have an integral role in sustainable agriculture. Given the importance of the Vicia species for Eurasian culture, it is necessary to implement methodologies, such as DNA barcoding, that can enable the effective authentication and identification of species in the genus. In this study, we analysed the chloroplast trnL and rpoC1, as well as the nuclear ITS2 DNA barcoding regions, to identify 71 Vicia specimens of Eurasian descent. Both the trnL and ITS2 regions were highly effective in discriminating the analysed taxa, while the more conserved rpoC1 region could not identify all of the selected species due to high sequence conservation or non-annotated or absent rpoC1 species sequences in GenBank. A dendrographic representation of the generated trnL data showed sufficient clustering for most of the analysed taxa, although some topological discrepancies were observed. ITS2 and rpoC1 reconstructions were also used for resolving the topological discrepancies observed in the trnL tree. Our analysis suggests that a combination of DNA barcoding regions is essential for accurate species discrimination within the Vicia genus, while single-locus analyses do not provide the necessary resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bosmali
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.B.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Georgios Lagiotis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Nadia Haider
- The Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), Damascus 6091, Syria;
| | - Maslin Osathanunkul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Costas Biliaderis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.B.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Jo IH, Han S, Shim D, Ryu H, Hyun TK, Lee Y, Kim D, So YS, Chung JW. Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Species Vicia bungei and Development of Polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeat Markers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:891783. [PMID: 35651765 PMCID: PMC9149428 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.891783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vicia bungei is an economically important forage crop in South Korea and China. Although detailed genetic and genomic data can improve population genetic studies, conservation efforts, and improved breeding of crops, few such data are available for Vicia species in general and none at all for V. bungei. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to sequence, assemble, and annotate V. bungei chloroplast genome and to identify simple sequence repeats (SSRs) as polymorphic genetic markers. RESULTS The whole-genome sequence of V. bungei was generated using an Illumina MiSeq platform. De novo assembly of complete chloroplast genome sequences was performed for the low-coverage sequence using CLC Genome Assembler with a 200-600-bp overlap size. Vicia bungei chloroplast genome was 130,796-bp long. The genome lacked an inverted repeat unit and thus resembled those of species in the inverted repeat-lacking clade within Fabaceae. Genome annotation using Dual OrganellarGenoMe Annotator (DOGMA) identified 107 genes, comprising 75 protein-coding, 28 transfer RNA, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. In total, 432 SSRs were detected in V. bungei chloroplast genome, including 64 mononucleotides, 14 dinucleotides, 5 trinucleotides, 4 tetranucleotides, 233 pentanucleotides, 90 hexanucleotides, and 14 complex repeated motifs. These were used to develop 232 novel chloroplast SSR markers, 39 of which were chosen at random to test amplification and genetic diversity in Vicia species (20 accessions from seven species). The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis identified seven clusters at the interspecies level and intraspecific differences within clusters. CONCLUSION The complete chloroplast genome sequence of V. bungei was determined. This reference genome should facilitate chloroplast resequencing and future searches for additional genetic markers using population samples. The novel chloroplast genome resources and SSR markers will greatly contribute to the conservation of the genus Vicia and facilitate genetic and evolutionary studies of this genus and of other higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ick-Hyun Jo
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, South Korea
| | - Seahee Han
- Division of Botany, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Daeil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Sup So
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yoon-Sup So,
| | - Jong-Wook Chung
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Jong-Wook Chung,
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