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Mathavaraj P, Muthusamy V, Katral A, Mandal P, Zunjare RU, Hossain F. Lipoxygenases (LOXs): Will turning off this genetic switch help safeguard the flavor and nutritional quality of stored lipid-rich staple foods? Food Chem 2025; 470:142637. [PMID: 39752738 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2025]
Abstract
Beyond storage capacity, long-term grain storage faces significant challenges due to the activity of lipoxygenases (LOXs). These enzymes catalyze the production of volatiles from free fatty acids, leading to stale odors and off-flavors. These changes degrade the quality of stored grains, even under regulated conditions, affecting the profitability of stored products to the farmers and the assurance of high-quality food for consumers. While LOXs are essential for various biological functions, their impact on storage highlights the need for targeted research to mitigate their negative effects. Optimizing LOX activity could enhance grain storability, reduce spoilage, and improve nutrient retention. This review explores recent advancements in understanding the roles of LOXs, focusing on how they can be tailored to enhance nutritional quality and shelf life. By modulating LOX activity, it is possible to address quality deterioration, support more sustainable food systems, and contribute to better nutritional security for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ashvinkumar Katral
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Puja Mandal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Firoz Hossain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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2
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Chauhan HS, Zunjare RU, Rashmi T, Muthusamy V, Das AK, Mishra SJ, Gain N, Mehta BK, Singh AK, Gupta HS, Hossain F. Enrichment of Vitamin A and Vitamin E in Sweet Corn Kernels Through Genomics-Assisted Introgression of Mutant Version of crtRB1 and vte4 Genes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2025; 197:1889-1905. [PMID: 39621223 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-05104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Recessive shrunken2 (sh2)-based sweet corn is preferred worldwide as it possesses higher sugar and extended shelf life. However, traditional sh2-based sweet corn is poor in vitamin A and vitamin E. Here, parental lines of two sh2-based sweet corn hybrids, viz. PSSC-2 and ASKH-2, were targeted for introgression of β-carotene hydroxylase 1 (crtRB1) and γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (vte4) genes through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Seeds with sh2sh2sh2 genotype in the endosperm were selected based on the shrunken phenotype in BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2 generations. Gene-based markers, viz. 3'-TE-InDel and 118-InDel specific for crtRB1 and vte4, respectively, were successfully utilized for foreground selection in BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2. Reconstituted hybrids showed high provitamin A (proA: 19.52 ± 0.52 µg/g) with a maximum of 7.8-fold increase over original hybrids (ASKH-2 and PSSC-2: 3.33 ± 0.28 µg/g). High α-tocopherol (20.75 ± 0.44 µg/g) and α/γ-tocopherol ratio (0.55 ± 0.02) with an average enhancement of 2.3- and 1.7-fold, respectively, was recorded among reconstituted hybrids over original versions (α-tocopherol: 9.21 ± 0.33 µg/g, α/γ-tocopherol ratio: 0.31 ± 0.01). The average yield of reconstituted hybrids (11.40 ± 0.22 t/ha) was at par with the original sweetcorn hybrids (11.60 ± 0.20 t/ha). This is the first report of stacking sh2, crtRB1 and vte4 genes to improve nutritional quality in sweet corn. These biofortified sweet corn hybrids hold immense significance to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema S Chauhan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Tuhin Rashmi
- Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhijit K Das
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Subhra J Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nisrita Gain
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Brijesh K Mehta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - Ashok K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hari S Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Firoz Hossain
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Gowda MM, Muthusamy V, Chhabra R, Duo H, Pal S, Gain N, Katral A, Kasana RK, Zunjare RU, Hossain F. Development and Validation of Multiplex-PCR Assay for β-Carotene hydroxylase and γ-Tocopherol methyl transferase Genes Governing Enhanced Multivitamins in Maize for Its Application in Genomics-Assisted Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:142. [PMID: 39795402 PMCID: PMC11722798 DOI: 10.3390/plants14010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Revised: 12/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2025] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
Traditional maize possesses low concentrations of provitamin-A and vitamin-E, leading to various health concerns. Mutant alleles of crtRB1 and vte4 that enhance β-carotene (provitamin-A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin-E), respectively, in maize kernels have been explored in several biofortification programs. For genetic improvement of these target nutrients, uniplex-PCR assays are routinely used in marker-assisted selection. However, due to back-to-back breeding seasons, the time required for genotyping individually for each target gene in large backcross populations becomes a constraint for advancing the generations. Additionally, multiple PCR assays for various genes increase the required costs and resources. Here, we aimed to develop a multiplex-PCR assay to simultaneously identify different allelic forms of crtRB1 and vte4 genes and validate them in a backcross-based segregating population. The PCR assay was carried out using newly developed primers for crtRB1 and a gene-specific primer for vte4. The uniplex-PCR assay was standardized for selected primer pairs in the BC1F1 population segregating for crtRB1 and vte4 genes. Subsequently, a multiplex-PCR assay for crtRB1 and vte4 genes was developed and employed for genotyping in the BC1F1 population. The assay differentiated among four possible genotypic classes, namely crtRB1+crtRB1/vte4+vte4, crtRB1crtRB1/vte4+vte4, crtRB1+crtRB1/vte4+vte4+, and crtRB1crtRB1/vte4+vte4+. This newly developed multiplex-PCR assay saved 41.7% of the cost and 35.6% of the time compared to two individual uniplex-PCR assays. The developed assay could accelerate maize nutritional quality breeding programs through rapid and cost-effective genotyping for the target genes. This is the first report of a multiplex-PCR assay specific to crtRB1 and vte4 genes for its use in genomics-assisted breeding in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (M.M.G.); (R.C.); (H.D.); (S.P.); (N.G.); (A.K.); (R.K.K.); (R.U.Z.); (F.H.)
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Popa C, Călugăr RE, Varga A, Muntean E, Băcilă I, Vana CD, Racz I, Tritean N, Berindean IV, Ona AD, Muntean L. Evaluating Maize Hybrids for Yield, Stress Tolerance, and Carotenoid Content: Insights into Breeding for Climate Resilience. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:138. [PMID: 39795399 PMCID: PMC11722938 DOI: 10.3390/plants14010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 12/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2025] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
To ensure food and feed security, modern maize hybrids must not only perform well under changing climate conditions but also consistently achieve higher and stable yields, exhibit maximum tolerance to stress factors, and produce high quality grains. In a study conducted in 2022 and 2023, 50 maize hybrids were developed from crosses of five elite (highly productive) inbred lines and ten lines possessing favorable genes for carotenoid content. These hybrids were tested under particularly unfavorable conditions for maize cultivation. The aim was to identify which lines effectively transmit the desired traits to the offspring (general combining ability-GCA), and to identify superior hybrids in terms of productivity, adaptability, and quality (specific combining ability-SCA). The study revealed that total carotenoids ranged from 2.30 to 40.20 μg/g for the inbred lines and from 7.45 to 25.08 μg/g for hybrids. A wider distribution of values was observed in the inbred lines compared to the hybrids for key carotenoids such as lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene. Among the hybrids, notable performers in yield, adaptability, and carotenoid content included E390×D302, A452×D302, and A447×D302. The paternal inbred line D302 exhibited a high general combining ability for yield (1446 kg ha-1) and, when crossed with several inbred lines, produced hybrids with enhanced yields and higher levels of zeaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene, as well as improved unbroken plants percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Călin Popa
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăstur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.P.); (A.D.O.); (L.M.)
| | - Roxana Elena Călugăr
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (A.V.); (E.M.); (C.D.V.); (I.R.); (N.T.)
| | - Andrei Varga
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (A.V.); (E.M.); (C.D.V.); (I.R.); (N.T.)
| | - Edward Muntean
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (A.V.); (E.M.); (C.D.V.); (I.R.); (N.T.)
- Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăstur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Băcilă
- Institute of Biological Research, Branch of the National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Department of Experimental Biology and Biochemistry, 48 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Daniela Vana
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (A.V.); (E.M.); (C.D.V.); (I.R.); (N.T.)
| | - Ionuț Racz
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (A.V.); (E.M.); (C.D.V.); (I.R.); (N.T.)
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăstur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Tritean
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (A.V.); (E.M.); (C.D.V.); (I.R.); (N.T.)
| | - Ioana Virginia Berindean
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăstur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea D. Ona
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăstur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.P.); (A.D.O.); (L.M.)
| | - Leon Muntean
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăstur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.P.); (A.D.O.); (L.M.)
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Katral A, Hossain F, Zunjare RU, Mishra SJ, Ragi S, Kasana RK, Chhabra R, Thimmegowda V, Vasudev S, Kumar S, Bhat JS, Neeraja CN, Yadava DK, Muthusamy V. Enhancing kernel oil and tailoring fatty acid composition by genomics-assisted selection for dgat1-2 and fatb genes in multi-nutrient-rich maize: new avenue for food, feed and bioenergy. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2402-2422. [PMID: 38990624 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing maize kernel oil is vital for improving the bioavailability of fat-soluble vitamins. Here, we combined favourable alleles of dgat1-2 and fatb into parental lines of four multi-nutrient-rich maize hybrids (APTQH1, APTQH4, APTQH5 and APTQH7) using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Parental lines possessed favourable alleles of crtRB1, lcyE, vte4 and opaque2 genes. Gene-specific markers enabled successful foreground selection in BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2, while background selection using genome-wide microsatellite markers (127-132) achieved 93% recurrent parent genome recovery. Resulting inbreds exhibited significantly higher oil (6.93%) and oleic acid (OA, 40.49%) and lower palmitic acid (PA, 14.23%) compared to original inbreds with elevated provitamin A (11.77 ppm), vitamin E (16.01 ppm), lysine (0.331%) and tryptophan (0.085%). Oil content significantly increased from 4.80% in original hybrids to 6.73% in reconstituted hybrids, making them high-oil maize hybrids. These hybrids displayed 35.70% increment in oil content and 51.56% increase in OA with 36.32% reduction in PA compared to original hybrids, while maintaining higher provitamin A (two-fold), vitamin E (nine-fold), lysine (two-fold) and tryptophan (two-fold) compared to normal hybrids. Lipid health indices showed improved atherogenicity, thrombogenicity, cholesterolaemic, oxidability, peroxidizability and nutritive values in MAS-derived genotypes over original versions. Besides, the MAS-derived inbreds and hybrids exhibited comparable grain yield and phenotypic characteristics to the original versions. The maize hybrids developed in the study possessed high-yielding ability with high kernel oil and OA, low PA, better fatty acid health and nutritional properties, higher multi-vitamins and balanced amino acids, which hold immense significance to address malnutrition and rising demand for oil sustainably in a fast-track manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firoz Hossain
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subhra J Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shridhar Ragi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rashmi Chhabra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sujata Vasudev
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jayant S Bhat
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Maman S, Muthusamy V, Katral A, Chhabra R, Gain N, Reddappa SB, Dutta S, Solanke AU, Zunjare RU, Neeraja CN, Yadava DK, Hossain F. Low expression of lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) enhances the retention of kernel tocopherols in maize during storage. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9283-9294. [PMID: 37812350 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency of vitamin E results in several neurological and age-related disorders in humans. Utilization of maize mutants with favourable vte4-allele led to the development of several α-tocopherol (vitamin E) rich (16-19 µg/g) maize hybrids worldwide. However, the degradation of tocopherols during post-harvest storage substantially affects the efficacy of these genotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the role of lipoxygenase enzyme and Lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) gene on the degradation of tocopherols at monthly intervals under traditional storage up to six months in two vte4-based contrasting-tocopherol retention maize inbreds viz. HKI323-PVE and HKI193-1-PVE. The analysis revealed significant degradation of tocopherols across storage intervals in both the inbreds. Lower retention of α-tocopherol was noticed in HKI193-1-PVE. HKI323-PVE with the higher retention of α-tocopherol showed lower lipoxygenase activity throughout the storage intervals. LOX3 gene expression was higher (~ 1.5-fold) in HKI193-1-PVE compared to HKI323-PVE across the storage intervals. Both lipoxygenase activity and LOX3 expression peaked at 120 days after storage (DAS) in both genotypes. Further, a similar trend was observed for LOX3 expression and lipoxygenase activity. The α-tocopherol exhibited a significantly negative correlation with lipoxygenase enzyme and expression of LOX3 across the storage intervals. CONCLUSIONS HKI323-PVE with high tocopherol retention, low -lipoxygenase activity, and -LOX3 gene expression can act as a potential donor in the vitamin E biofortification program. Protein-protein association network analysis also indicated the independent effect of vte4 and LOX genes. This is the first comprehensive report analyzing the expression of the LOX3 gene and deciphering its vital role in the retention of α-tocopherol in biofortified maize varieties under traditional storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalma Maman
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ashvinkumar Katral
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Chhabra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisrita Gain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Suman Dutta
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Firoz Hossain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Hossain F, Jaiswal SK, Muthusamy V, Zunjare RU, Mishra SJ, Chand G, Bhatt V, Bhat JS, Das AK, Chauhan HS, Gupta HS. Enhancement of nutritional quality in maize kernel through marker-assisted breeding for vte4, crtRB1, and opaque2 genes. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:431-443. [PMID: 37450243 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional maize is poor in vitamin-E [α-tocopherol (α-T): 6-8 ppm], vitamin-A [provitamin-A (proA): 1-2ppm], lysine (0.150-0.2-50%), and tryptophan (0.030-0.040%). Here, we combined favourable alleles of vte4, crtRB1, and opaque2 (o2) genes in the parents of maize hybrids, viz., APQH-10 (PMI-PV-9 × PMI-PV-14) and APQH-11 (PMI-PV-9 × PMI-PV-15) using molecular breeding. Gene-specific markers were successfully used to select vte4, crtRB1, and o2 in BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC2F2 generations. Simple sequence repeats (104-109) were used for background selection, leading to an average recovery of 94% recurrent parent genome. The introgressed inbreds possessed significantly higher α-T: 18.38 ppm, α-/γ-tocopherol (α-/γ-T: 52%), and α-/total tocopherol (α-/TT: 32%) compared to original inbreds (α-T: 8.17 ppm, α-/γ-T: 25%, α-/TT: 18%). These newly derived inbreds also possessed higher β-carotene (BC: 8.91 ppm), β-cryptoxanthin (BCX: 1.27 ppm), proA (9.54 ppm), lysine (0.348%), and tryptophan (0.082%) compared to traditional maize inbreds. The reconstituted hybrids recorded higher α-T (2.1-fold), α-/γ-T (1.9-fold), and α-/TT (1.6-fold) over the original hybrids. These reconstituted hybrids were also rich in BC (5.7-fold), BCX (3.3-fold), proA (5.3-fold), lysine (1.9-fold), and tryptophan (2.0-fold) over the traditional hybrids. The reconstituted hybrids had similar grain yield and phenotypic characteristics to original versions. These multinutrient-rich maize hybrids hold great potential to alleviate malnutrition in sustainable and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Hossain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Sunil K Jaiswal
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajkumar U Zunjare
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Subhra J Mishra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gulab Chand
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vinay Bhatt
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jayant S Bhat
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhijit K Das
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hema S Chauhan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hari S Gupta
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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8
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Sethi M, Saini DK, Devi V, Kaur C, Singh MP, Singh J, Pruthi G, Kaur A, Singh A, Chaudhary DP. Unravelling the genetic framework associated with grain quality and yield-related traits in maize ( Zea mays L.). Front Genet 2023; 14:1248697. [PMID: 37609038 PMCID: PMC10440565 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize serves as a crucial nutrient reservoir for a significant portion of the global population. However, to effectively address the growing world population's hidden hunger, it is essential to focus on two key aspects: biofortification of maize and improving its yield potential through advanced breeding techniques. Moreover, the coordination of multiple targets within a single breeding program poses a complex challenge. This study compiled mapping studies conducted over the past decade, identifying quantitative trait loci associated with grain quality and yield related traits in maize. Meta-QTL analysis of 2,974 QTLs for 169 component traits (associated with quality and yield related traits) revealed 68 MQTLs across different genetic backgrounds and environments. Most of these MQTLs were further validated using the data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Further, ten MQTLs, referred to as breeding-friendly MQTLs (BF-MQTLs), with a significant phenotypic variation explained over 10% and confidence interval less than 2 Mb, were shortlisted. BF-MQTLs were further used to identify potential candidate genes, including 59 genes encoding important proteins/products involved in essential metabolic pathways. Five BF-MQTLs associated with both quality and yield traits were also recommended to be utilized in future breeding programs. Synteny analysis with wheat and rice genomes revealed conserved regions across the genomes, indicating these hotspot regions as validated targets for developing biofortified, high-yielding maize varieties in future breeding programs. After validation, the identified candidate genes can also be utilized to effectively model the plant architecture and enhance desirable quality traits through various approaches such as marker-assisted breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Sethi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Veena Devi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Charanjeet Kaur
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mohini Prabha Singh
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jasneet Singh
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gomsie Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Alla Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dharam Paul Chaudhary
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Satarova TM, Denysiuk KV, Cherchel VY, Dziubetskyi BV. Distribution of Alleles of β-Carotene Hydroxylase 1 Gene in Modern Genotypes of Zea mays L. CYTOL GENET+ 2023. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452723010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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10
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Saha I, Rathinavel K, Manoharan B, Adhimoolam K, Sampathrajan V, Rajasekaran R, Muthurajan R, Natesan S. The resurrection of sweet corn inbred SC11-2 using marker aided breeding for β-carotene. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1004450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet corn has dominated the urban market due to its sweetness, tenderness, and ease of digestibility. It's import and export values have dramatically increased during the past 10 years as a fresh, processed, and preserved commodity. However, the commercially available sweet corns are deficient in β-carotene. In our study, we introgressed the favorable allele of crtRB1 (responsible for high β-carotene) into the recurrent sweet corn inbred SC11-2 from maize donor parent UMI1230β1+ to develop the β-carotene-rich sweet corn genotype by marker aided breeding. The crtRB1 3′TE InDel marker was utilized for foreground selection of favorable genotype. A total of 103 polymorphic SSR markers were employed for background selection, resulting in a 96% recovery of recurrent parent genome (RPG). We recorded high β-carotene content (9.878–10.645 μg/g) in the introgressed lines compared to the recurrent parent, SC11-2 (0.989 μg/g). The sugar content ranged from 18 to 19.10% and was on par with the recurrent parent (20.40%). These biofortified inbreds can be used as a donor in maize breeding programs to develop sweet corn genotypes with high β-carotene content.
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Devgan M, Gill GK, Praba UP, Singh G, Garg T, Karnatam KS, Kaur A, Vikal Y. Biochemical and molecular characterization of sub-tropical maize germplasm for tocopherols. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Safiul Azam FM, Lian T, Liang Q, Wang W, Zhang C, Jiang L. Variation of vitamin B contents in maize inbred lines: Potential genetic resources for biofortification. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1029119. [PMID: 36337650 PMCID: PMC9634661 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B and its derivatives possess diverse physiological functions and are essential micronutrients for humans. Their variation in crops is important for the identification of genetic resources used to develop new varieties with enhanced vitamin B. In this research, remarkable variations were observed in kernels of 156 maize inbred lines, ranging from 107.61 to 2654.54 μg per 100 g for vitamin B1, 1.19-37.37 μg per 100 g for B2, 19.60-213.75 μg per 100 g for B3, 43.47-590.86 μg per 100 g for B5, and 138.59-1065.11 μg per 100 g for B6. Growing inbreeds in Hainan and Hebei provinces of China revealed environmental and genotype interactions among these vitamins and the correlations between them in maize grain. Several inbred lines were identified as good sources of vitamin B and promising germplasms for maize breeding, namely By855 and Si273 are overall rich in all the studied vitamins, and GY386B and CML118 are specially enriched with derivatives of vitamin B6. The present study can assist maize breeders with germplasm resources of vitamin B for biofortification to offer people nutritious foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tong Lian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chauhan HS, Muthusamy V, Rashmi T, Basu S, Anand A, Mehta BK, Gain N, Zunjare RU, Singh AK, Gupta HS, Hossain F. Characterization of crtRB1- and vte4-based biofortified sweet corn inbreds for seed vigour and physico-biochemical traits. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:651-662. [PMID: 35972676 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Sweet corn possessing recessive shrunken2 (sh2) gene is popular worldwide. Traditional sweet corn is poor in vitamin A and vitamin E. Plant breeders during the selection of sweet corn genotypes mainly emphasize on plant architecture and yield. Seed germination and seedling vigour play important role for early establishment in field, thereby increasing yield and income. Here, we analysed a set of 15 sh2-based biofortified sweet corn inbreds with crtRB1 (β-carotene hydroxylase1) and vte4 (γ-tocopherol methyltransferase) genes and three traditional sh2-based sweet corn inbreds for nutritional quality, seed vigour and various physico-biochemical traits. The newly developed inbreds possessed significantly higher provitamin A (proA: 15.60 µg/g) and vitamin E [α-tocopherol (α-T): 20.42 µg/g] than the traditional sweet corn inbreds (proA: 2.51 µg/g, α-T: 11.16 µg/g). The biofortified sweet corn inbreds showed wide variation for germination (80.67-87.33%), vigour index-I (2097.17-2925.28 cm), vigour index-II (134.27-216.19 mg) and electrical conductivity (10.19-13.21 μS cm-1 g-1). Wide variation was also observed for dehydrogenase (1.29-1.59 OD g-1 ml-1), super oxide dismutase (4.01-9.82 g-1), peroxidase (11.66-16.47 μM min-1 g-1), esterase (22.98-34.76 nM min-1 g-1) and α-amylase (5.91-8.15 OD g-1 ml-1). Enrichment of proA and vitamin E in sweet corn did not affect seed vigour and physico-biochemical traits. Correlation analysis revealed that electrical conductivity and α-amylase activity was the reliable indicator for assessing seed germination and vigour. The study identified superior biofortified sweet corn genotypes that would contribute to better vigour and establishment in field. This is the first report of analysis of biofortified sweet corn genotypes for seed vigour and physico-biochemical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema S Chauhan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | | | - Tuhin Rashmi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh K Mehta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Nisrita Gain
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashok K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari S Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Firoz Hossain
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Calugar RE, Muntean E, Varga A, Vana CD, Has VV, Tritean N, Ceclan LA. Improving the Carotenoid Content in Maize by Using Isonuclear Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1632. [PMID: 35807583 PMCID: PMC9269311 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important biologically active compounds in the human diet due to their role in maintaining a proper health status. Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the main crops worldwide, in terms of production quantity, yield and harvested area, as it is also an important source of carotenoids in human nutrition worldwide. Increasing the carotenoid content of maize grains is one of the major targets of the research into maize breeding; in this context, the aim of this study was to establish the influence of some fertile cytoplasm on the carotenoid content in inbred lines and hybrids. Twenty-five isonuclear lines and 100 hybrids were studied for the genetic determinism involved in the transmission of four target carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. The analysis of carotenoids was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography using a Flexar system with UV-VIS detection. The obtained data revealed that the cytoplasms did not have a significant influence on the carotenoid content of the inbred lines; larger differences were attributed to the cytoplasm × nucleus interaction. For hybrids, the cytoplasmic nuclear interactions have a significant influence on the content of lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin. For the cytoplasm × nucleus × tester interactions, significant differences were identified for all traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Elena Calugar
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Edward Muntean
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Varga
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Carmen Daniela Vana
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Voichita Virginia Has
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Nicolae Tritean
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Loredana Anca Ceclan
- Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, Agriculturii 27, 401100 Turda, Romania; (R.E.C.); (A.V.); (C.D.V.); (V.V.H.); (L.A.C.)
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Chauhan HS, Chhabra R, Rashmi T, Muthusamy V, Zunjare RU, Mishra SJ, Gain N, Mehta BK, Singh AK, Gupta HS, Hossain F. Impact of vte4 and crtRB1 genes on composition of vitamin-E and provitamin-A carotenoids during kernel-stages in sweet corn. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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