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Qiao S, Ma C, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhao W, Liu B. Responses of growth and photosynthesis to alkaline stress in three willow species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14672. [PMID: 38918471 PMCID: PMC11199568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating differences in resistance to alkaline stress among three willow species can provide a theoretical basis for planting willow in saline soils. Therefore we tested three willow species (Salix matsudana, Salix gordejevii and Salix linearistipularis), already known for their high stress tolerance, to alkaline stress environment at different pH values under hydroponics. Root and leaf dry weight, root water content, leaf water content, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of three willow cuttings were monitored six times over 15 days under alkaline stress. With the increase in alkaline stress, the water retention capacity of leaves of the three species of willow cuttings was as follows: S. matsudana > S. gordejevii > S. linearistipularis and the water retention capacity of the root system was as follows: S. gordejevii > S. linearistipularis > S. matsudana. The chlorophyll content was significantly reduced, damage symptoms were apparent. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), rate of transpiration (E), and stomatal conductance (Gs) of the leaves showed a general trend of decreasing, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of S. matsudana and S. gordejevii first declined and then tended to level off, while the intercellular CO2 concentration of S. linearistipularis first declined and then increased. The quantum yield and energy allocation ratio of the leaf photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre changed significantly (φPo, Ψo and φEo were obviously suppressed and φDo was promoted). The photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre quantum performance index and driving force showed a clear downwards trend. Based on the results it can be concluded that alkaline stress tolerance of three willow was as follows: S. matsudana > S. gordejevii > S. linearistipularis. However, since the experiment was done on young seedlings, further study at saplings stage is required to revalidate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqi Qiao
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forest, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Changming Ma
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forest, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
- College of Life Science, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forest, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forest, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forest, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forest, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Bingxiang Liu
- Department of Forest Cultivation, College of Forest, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Lianchi District, Baoding City, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
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Cong Y, Chen X, Xing J, Li X, Pang S, Liu H. Nitric oxide signal is required for glutathione-induced enhancement of photosynthesis in salt-stressed S olanum lycopersicum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1413653. [PMID: 38952846 PMCID: PMC11215142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1413653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH), the primary non-protein sulfhydryl group in organisms, plays a pivotal role in the plant salt stress response. This study aimed to explore the impact of GSH on the photosynthetic apparatus, and carbon assimilation in tomato plants under salt stress, and then investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this process. The investigation involved foliar application of 5 mM GSH, 0.1% (w/v) hemoglobin (Hb, a nitric oxide scavenger), and GSH+Hb on the endogenous NO levels, rapid chlorophyll fluorescence, enzyme activities, and gene expression related to the Calvin cycle in tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'Zhongshu No. 4') subjected short-term salt stress (100 mM NaCl) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. GSH treatment notably boosted nitrate reductase (NR) and NO synthase (NOS) activities, elevating endogenous NO signaling in salt-stressed tomato seedling leaves. It also mitigated chlorophyll fluorescence (OJIP) curve distortion and damage to the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) induced by salt stress. Furthermore, GSH improved photosystem II (PSII) electron transfer efficiency, reduced QA - accumulation, and countered salt stress effects on photosystem I (PSI) redox properties, enhancing the light energy absorption index (PIabs). Additionally, GSH enhanced key enzyme activities in the Calvin cycle and upregulated their genes. Exogenous GSH optimized PSII energy utilization via endogenous NO, safeguarded the photosynthetic reaction center, improved photochemical and energy efficiency, and boosted carbon assimilation, ultimately enhancing net photosynthetic efficiency (Pn) in salt-stressed tomato seedling leaves. Conversely, Hb hindered Pn reduction and NO signaling under salt stress and weakened the positive effects of GSH on NO levels, photosynthetic apparatus, and carbon assimilation in tomato plants. Thus, the positive regulation of photosynthesis in tomato seedlings under salt stress by GSH requires the involvement of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundan Cong
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiayi Xing
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuezhen Li
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shengqun Pang
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Contruction Crops, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Shehzadi N, Mahmood A, Kaleem M, Chishti MS, Bashir H, Hashem A, Abd-Allah EF, Shahid H, Ishtiaq A. Zinc and nitrogen mediate the regulation of growth, leading to the upregulation of antioxidant aptitude, physio-biochemical traits, and yield in wheat plants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12897. [PMID: 38839939 PMCID: PMC11153612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
An ample amount of water and soil nutrients is required for economic wheat production to meet the current food demands. Nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) fertigation in soils can produce a substantial wheat yield for a rapidly increasing population and bring a limelight to researchers. The present study was designed to ascertain N and Zn's synergistic role in wheat growth, yield, and physio-biochemical traits. A pot experiment was laid out under a complete randomized design with four N levels (N1-0, N2-60, N3- 120, and N4-180 kg ha-1), Zn (T1-0, T2-5, T3-10, and T4-15 kg ha-1) with four replications. After the emergence of the plants, N and Zn fertigation was applied in the soil. The growth traits were considerably increased by combined applications as compared to the sole applications of the N and Zn. The photosynthetic pigments were found maximum due to combined applications of N and Zn, which were positively associated with biomass, growth, yield, and wheat grain quality. The combined application also substantially enhances the antioxidant enzyme activities to scavenge the ROS as H2O2 and reduce lipid peroxidation to protect the permeability of the biologic membranes. The combined higher applications of N and Zn were more responsive to ionic balance in a shoot by maintaining the Na+ for osmotic adjustments, accumulating more Ca2+ for cellular signaling; but, combined applications resulted in K+ reduction. Our present results suggest that appropriate sole or combined applications of N and Zn improve wheat's growth, yield, and antioxidant mechanisms. Previous studies lack sufficient information on N and Zn combined fertigation. We intend to investigate both the sole and combined roles of N and Zn to exploit their potential synergistic effects on wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimra Shehzadi
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | | | - Humaira Bashir
- Government Graduate College for Women Wahdat Colony, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Shahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Atiqa Ishtiaq
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Xu H, Halford NG, Guo G, Chen Z, Li Y, Zhou L, Liu C, Xu R. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Importance of Lipid Metabolism and Photosynthesis Regulation in High Salinity Tolerance in Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Leaves Derived from Mutagenesis Combined with Microspore Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16757. [PMID: 38069082 PMCID: PMC10705989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley is the most salt-tolerant cereal crop. However, little attention has been paid to the salt-tolerant doubled haploids of barley derived from mutagenesis combined with isolated microspore culture. In the present study, barley doubled haploid (DH) line 20, which was produced by mutagenesis combined with isolated microspore culture, showed stably and heritably better salt tolerance than the wild type H30 in terms of fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, K+/Na+ ratio and photosynthetic characteristics. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed to compare the changes in gene expression and metabolites between DH20 and H30. A total of 462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 152 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in DH20 compared to H30 under salt stress. Among the DAMs, fatty acids were the most accumulated in DH20 under salt stress. The integration of transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that nine key biomarkers, including two metabolites and seven genes, could distinguish DH20 and H30 when exposed to high salt. The pathways of linoleic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, photosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were significantly enriched in DH20 with DEGs and DAMs in response to salt stress. These results suggest that DH20 may enhance resilience by promoting lipid metabolism, maintaining energy metabolism and decreasing amino acids metabolism. The study provided novel insights for the rapid generation of homozygous mutant plants by mutagenesis combined with microspore culture technology and also identified candidate genes and metabolites that may enable the mutant plants to cope with salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | | | - Guimei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Longhua Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Jiang J, Yang N, Li L, Qin G, Ren K, Wang H, Deng J, Ding D. Tetraploidy in Citrus wilsonii Enhances Drought Tolerance via Synergistic Regulation of Photosynthesis, Phosphorylation, and Hormonal Changes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:875011. [PMID: 35574073 PMCID: PMC9096895 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.875011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy varieties have been reported to exhibit higher stress tolerance relative to their diploid relatives, however, the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, a batch of autotetraploid Citrus wilsonii were identified from a natural seedling population, and these tetraploid seedlings exhibited greater tolerance to drought stress than their diploids siblings. A global transcriptome analysis revealed that a large number of genes involved in photosynthesis response were enriched in tetraploids under drought stress, which was consistent with the changes in photosynthetic indices including Pn, gs, Tr, Ci, and chlorophyll contents. Compared with diploids, phosphorylation was also modified in the tetraploids after drought stress, as detected through tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled proteomics. Additionally, tetraploids prioritized the regulation of plant hormone signal transduction at the transcriptional level after drought stress, which was also demonstrated by increased levels of IAA, ABA, and SA and reduced levels of GA3 and JA. Collectively, our results confirmed that the synergistic regulation of photosynthesis response, phosphorylation modification and plant hormone signaling resulted in drought tolerance of autotetraploid C. wilsonii germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Ni Yang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Gongwei Qin
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Kexin Ren
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jiarui Deng
- Chenggu Fruit Industry Technical Guidance Station, Chenggu, China
| | - Dekuan Ding
- Chenggu Fruit Industry Technical Guidance Station, Chenggu, China
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