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Hakeem S, Ali Z, Saddique MAB, Habib-Ur-Rahman M, Wiehle M. Dissecting wheat above-ground architecture for enhanced water use efficiency and grain yield in the subtropics. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2024; 65:13. [PMID: 38753196 PMCID: PMC11098988 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-024-00419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing wheat under climate change scenarios challenges, scientists to develop drought and heat-tolerant genotypes. The adaptive traits should therefore be explored and engineered for this purpose. Thus, this study aimed to dissect surface traits and optimizing the leaf architecture to enhance water use efficiency (WUE) and grain yield. Twenty-six wheat genotypes were assessed for five novel leaf traits (NLTs: leaf prickle hairs, groove type, rolling, angle and wettability) under normal, drought and heat conditions following triplicated factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD). The data for NLTs, physiological traits (stomatal conductance, WUE, transpiration, and photosynthesis), and standard morphological and yield traits were recorded. Leaves were sampled at the stem elongation stage (Zadoks 34) to measure the leaf water content (%), contact angle, and to obtain pictures through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The air moisture harvesting efficiency was evaluated for five selected genotypes. The ideotype concept was applied to evaluate the best-performing genotypes. RESULTS The correlation analysis indicated that long leaf prickle hairs (> 100 μm), short stomatal aperture and density (40-60 mm- 2), inward to spiral leaf rolling, medium leaf indentation, low contact angle hysteresis (< 10°), and cuticular wax were positively associated with WUE. This, in turn, was significantly correlated to grain yield. Thus, the genotypes (E-1) with these traits and alternate leaf wettability had maximum grain yield (502 g m- 2) and WUE supported with high photosynthesis rate, and relative water content (94 and 75% under normal and stress conditions, respectively). However, the genotype (1-hooded) with dense leaf hairs on edges but droopy leaves, spiral leaf rolling, and lighter groove, also performed better in terms of grain yield (450 g m- 2) under heat stress conditions by maintaining high photosynthesis and WUE with low stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. CONCLUSION The SEM analysis verified that the density of hairs on the leaf surface and epicuticular wax contributes towards alternate wettability patterns thereby increasing the water-use efficiency and yield of the wheat plant. This study paves a way towards screening and and developing heat and drought-tolerant cultivars that are water-saving and climate-resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Hakeem
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Programs and Projects Department, Islamic Organization for Food Security, Mangilik Yel Ave. 55/21 AIFC, Unit 4, C4.2, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | | | - Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Wiehle
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, Witzenhausen, D-37213, Germany.
- Centre for International Rural Development, University of Kassel, Steinstraße 19, Witzenhausen, D-37213, Germany.
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Tong R, Ma C, Lou C, Yuan W, Zhu N, Wang GG, Wu T. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of the halophytes across China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1276699. [PMID: 37860242 PMCID: PMC10582939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes play a crucial role in the ecological restoration of saline and alkaline land and hold promising benefits to food security in China. Although a variety of aspects of halophytes have been extensively addressed, there is still a lack of overall understanding of the leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometric characteristics, especially at a national scale. We compiled a national dataset of 311 observations from 113 sampling sites across China to explore the changing trends and influencing factors on leaf N and P concentrations, and N:P ratio of halophytes. The results showed that leaf N concentration decreased significantly with increasing latitude (LAT), which was mainly driven by the mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). The leaf P concentration increased remarkably with increasing longitude (LON), which was induced by the variation in soil total P (TP) content. The leaf N:P ratio increased as LAT increased and LON decreased, which was potentially regulated by the MAT, MAP, and soil TP content. The scaling exponents of the N-P relationship differed significantly among halophyte types and were 0.40, 0.87, and 1.39 for euhalophyte, pseudohalophyte, and recretohalophyte, respectively. The leaf N concentration exhibited significant differences among ecosystem types and halophyte types, whereas the leaf P concentration and N:P ratio remained relatively stable. In summary, the leaf N concentration and N-P scaling exponent might be the classification criteria for halophyte types from the perspective of plant nutrient resource allocation. Moreover, this study characterized the spatial distribution and allocation strategy of leaf N and P stoichiometry in halophytes by data integration analysis, providing the basic information for nutrient management in the processes of the future domestication and introduction of halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tong
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Ma
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Lou
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Yuan
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nianfu Zhu
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - G. Geoff Wang
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Tonggui Wu
- East China Coastal Forest Ecosystem Long-term Research Station, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
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Soheili F, Heydari M, Woodward S, Naji HR. Adaptive mechanism in Quercus brantii Lindl. leaves under climatic differentiation: morphological and anatomical traits. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3580. [PMID: 36869142 PMCID: PMC9984455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf traits, which vary across different climatic conditions, can reveal evolutionary changes within a species made to adapt to the environment. Leaf traits play major roles in a plant functions under varying climatic conditions. To examine adaptive modes and mechanisms applied by plants in different climates, we analyzed leaf morphology and anatomical structures in Quercus brantii in the Zagros forests, Western Iran. The plants adapted to the environmental differences with increased dry matter content in a Mediterranean climate, and increasing leaf length, specific leaf area, stomata length (SL), stomata width, stomatal density (SD), stomatal pore index (SPI), trichome length, and width in a sub-humid climate; trichome density was increased in a semi-arid climate. There were strong, positive correlations between SPI with SL and SD. Correlations for other leaf traits were weakly significant. Such morphological and anatomical plasticity probably leads to lower transpiration rates, control of internal temperature and water status, and improved photosynthetic capability under stressing conditions. These findings provide new insights into the adaptive strategies of plants to environmental changes at the morphological and anatomical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Soheili
- Department of Forest Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, 69315-516, Iran
| | - Mehdi Heydari
- Department of Forest Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, 69315-516, Iran
| | - Stephen Woodward
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Hamid Reza Naji
- Department of Forest Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, 69315-516, Iran.
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Tayir M, Dai Y, Shi Q, Abdureyim A, Erkin F, Huang W. Distinct leaf functional traits of Tamarix chinensis at different habitats in the hinterland of the Taklimakan desert. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1094049. [PMID: 36756227 PMCID: PMC9900739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1094049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf functional traits reflect plant adaptive strategies towards environmental heterogeneity. However, which factor play the key role of plasticity of leaf functional traits among various variable environmental factors remains unclear in desert hinterland oasis area. Here, we analyzed variations in leaf water content (LWC), δ 13C values of leaves (δ 13C), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf organic carbon concentration (LOC), leaf total nitrogen concentration (LTN), leaf total phosphorus concentration (LTP), and leaf C: N: P stoichiometry in Tamarix chinensis growing in five habitats at the Daliyabuyi, a natural pristine oasis in northwestern China, that differ abiotically and biotically. The spatial heterogeneity of leaf functional traits was evident. Abiotic factors vitally influence leaf functional traits, of which groundwater depth (GWD) and soil C: N stoichiometry (SOC: STN) are crucial. GWD exhibited close relationships with LWC (P < 0.05) and LOC: LTP (P < 0.01), but not δ 13C. Soil water content (SWC) and SOC: STN were negatively related to SLA (P < 0.01; P < 0.05). While, SOC: STN showed positive relationships with LOC: LTN (P < 0.05). As for biological factors, we found T. chinensis in habitat with Sophora alopecuroidies had the highest LTN, possibly as a result of N fixation of leguminous plants (S. alopecuroidies) promotes the N concentration of T. chinensis. Close relationships also existed between leaf functional traits, LWC showed significantly negatively relatd to δ 13C, LOC: LTN and LOC: LTP (P < 0.05), whereas δ 13C had positively correlated with LOC: LTN (P < 0.01) but negatively correlated with LTN (P < 0.05). T. chinensis had relative higher LWC couple with lower δ 13C, and exhibiting lower C, N, P in leaves and their stoichiometric ratios, and also lower SLA which compared with other terrestrial plant. Such coordinations suggesting that T. chinensis develops a suite of trait combinations mainly tends to more conservative to response local habitats in Daliyabuyi, which is contribute to understand desert plant resource acquisition and utilization mechanisms in extremely arid and barren environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawlida Tayir
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qingdong Shi
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Anwar Abdureyim
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Flora Erkin
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wanyuan Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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Chen Y, Wu Y, Dong Y, Li Y, Ge Z, George O, Feng G, Mao L. Extinction risk of Chinese angiosperms varies between woody and herbaceous species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Chen
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Yongbin Wu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Yuran Dong
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Yao Li
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Zhiwei Ge
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Oduro George
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Gang Feng
- School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China
| | - Lingfeng Mao
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
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