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Kambhampati S, Hubbard AH, Koley S, Gomez JD, Marsolais F, Evans BS, Young JD, Allen DK. SIMPEL: using stable isotopes to elucidate dynamics of context specific metabolism. Commun Biol 2024; 7:172. [PMID: 38347116 PMCID: PMC10861564 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The capacity to leverage high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with transient isotope labeling experiments is an untapped opportunity to derive insights on context-specific metabolism, that is difficult to assess quantitatively. Tools are needed to comprehensively mine isotopologue information in an automated, high-throughput way without errors. We describe a tool, Stable Isotope-assisted Metabolomics for Pathway Elucidation (SIMPEL), to simplify analysis and interpretation of isotope-enriched HRMS datasets. The efficacy of SIMPEL is demonstrated through examples of central carbon and lipid metabolism. In the first description, a dual-isotope labeling experiment is paired with SIMPEL and isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis (INST-MFA) to resolve fluxes in central metabolism that would be otherwise challenging to quantify. In the second example, SIMPEL was paired with HRMS-based lipidomics data to describe lipid metabolism based on a single labeling experiment. Available as an R package, SIMPEL extends metabolomics analyses to include isotopologue signatures necessary to quantify metabolic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikaar Kambhampati
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA.
- Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Allen H Hubbard
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Somnath Koley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Javier D Gomez
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Frédéric Marsolais
- London Research and Development Center, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Bradley S Evans
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA.
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA.
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Puzanskiy RK, Romanyuk DA, Kirpichnikova AA, Yemelyanov VV, Shishova MF. Plant Heterotrophic Cultures: No Food, No Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38256830 PMCID: PMC10821431 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant cells are capable of uptaking exogenous organic substances. This inherited trait allows the development of heterotrophic cell cultures in various plants. The most common of them are Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant cells are widely used in academic studies and as factories for valuable substance production. The repertoire of compounds supporting the heterotrophic growth of plant cells is limited. The best growth of cultures is ensured by oligosaccharides and their cleavage products. Primarily, these are sucrose, raffinose, glucose and fructose. Other molecules such as glycerol, carbonic acids, starch, and mannitol have the ability to support growth occasionally, or in combination with another substrate. Culture growth is accompanied by processes of specialization, such as elongation growth. This determines the pattern of the carbon budget. Culture ageing is closely linked to substrate depletion, changes in medium composition, and cell physiological rearrangements. A lack of substrate leads to starvation, which results in a decrease in physiological activity and the mobilization of resources, and finally in the loss of viability. The cause of the instability of cultivated cells may be the non-optimal metabolism under cultural conditions or the insufficiency of internal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman K. Puzanskiy
- Laboratory of Analytical Phytochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Daria A. Romanyuk
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Vladislav V. Yemelyanov
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.V.Y.)
| | - Maria F. Shishova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.V.Y.)
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Kaste JA, Shachar-Hill Y. Model validation and selection in metabolic flux analysis and flux balance analysis. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3413. [PMID: 37997613 PMCID: PMC10922127 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis (13C-MFA) and Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) are widely used to investigate the operation of biochemical networks in both biological and biotechnological research. Both methods use metabolic reaction network models of metabolism operating at steady state so that reaction rates (fluxes) and the levels of metabolic intermediates are constrained to be invariant. They provide estimated (MFA) or predicted (FBA) values of the fluxes through the network in vivo, which cannot be measured directly. These fluxes can shed light on basic biology and have been successfully used to inform metabolic engineering strategies. Several approaches have been taken to test the reliability of estimates and predictions from constraint-based methods and to compare alternative model architectures. Despite advances in other areas of the statistical evaluation of metabolic models, such as the quantification of flux estimate uncertainty, validation and model selection methods have been underappreciated and underexplored. We review the history and state-of-the-art in constraint-based metabolic model validation and model selection. Applications and limitations of the χ2 -test of goodness-of-fit, the most widely used quantitative validation and selection approach in 13C-MFA, are discussed, and complementary and alternative forms of validation and selection are proposed. A combined model validation and selection framework for 13C-MFA incorporating metabolite pool size information that leverages new developments in the field is presented and advocated for. Finally, we discuss how adopting robust validation and selection procedures can enhance confidence in constraint-based modeling as a whole and ultimately facilitate more widespread use of FBA in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A.M. Kaste
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48823
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Kaste JAM, Shachar-Hill Y. Model Validation and Selection in Metabolic Flux Analysis and Flux Balance Analysis. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2303.12651v1. [PMID: 36994165 PMCID: PMC10055486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis (13C-MFA) and Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) are widely used to investigate the operation of biochemical networks in both biological and biotechnological research. Both of these methods use metabolic reaction network models of metabolism operating at steady state, so that reaction rates (fluxes) and the levels of metabolic intermediates are constrained to be invariant. They provide estimated (MFA) or predicted (FBA) values of the fluxes through the network in vivo, which cannot be measured directly. A number of approaches have been taken to test the reliability of estimates and predictions from constraint-based methods and to decide on and/or discriminate between alternative model architectures. Despite advances in other areas of the statistical evaluation of metabolic models, validation and model selection methods have been underappreciated and underexplored. We review the history and state-of-the-art in constraint-based metabolic model validation and model selection. Applications and limitations of the χ2-test of goodness-of-fit, the most widely used quantitative validation and selection approach in 13C-MFA, are discussed, and complementary and alternative forms of validation and selection are proposed. A combined model validation and selection framework for 13C-MFA incorporating metabolite pool size information that leverages new developments in the field is presented and advocated for. Finally, we discuss how the adoption of robust validation and selection procedures can enhance confidence in constraint-based modeling as a whole and ultimately facilitate more widespread use of FBA in biotechnology in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A M Kaste
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48823
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824
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