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Guo X, Zhang J, Sun S, Huang L, Niu Y, Zhao P, Zhang Y, Shi X, Ji W, Xu S. TaGSK3 regulates wheat development and stress adaptation through BR-dependent and BR-independent pathways. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2443-2458. [PMID: 38557938 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase plays critical roles in plant development and response to stress, but its specific function remains largely unknown in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we investigated the function of TaGSK3, a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase, in wheat development and response to stress. Our findings demonstrated that TaGSK3 mutants had significant effects on wheat seedling development and brassinosteroid (BR) signalling. Quadruple and quintuple mutants showed amplified BR signalling, promoting seedling development, while a sextuple mutant displayed severe developmental defects but still responded to exogenous BR signals, indicating redundancy and non-BR-related functions of TaGSK3. A gain-of-function mutation in TaGSK3-3D disrupted BR signalling, resulting in compact and dwarf plant architecture. Notably, this mutation conferred significant drought and heat stress resistance of wheat, and enhanced heat tolerance independent of BR signalling, unlike knock-down mutants. Further research revealed that this mutation maintains a higher relative water content by regulating stomatal-mediated water loss and maintains a lower ROS level to reduces cell damage, enabling better growth under stress. Our study provides comprehensive insights into the role of TaGSK3 in wheat development, stress response, and BR signal transduction, offering potential for modifying TaGSK3 to improve agronomic traits and enhance stress resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liuying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaxin Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Ren H, Bao J, Gao Z, Sun D, Zheng S, Bai J. How rice adapts to high temperatures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1137923. [PMID: 37008476 PMCID: PMC10063981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1137923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature stress affects crop yields worldwide. Identifying thermotolerant crop varieties and understanding the basis for this thermotolerance would have important implications for agriculture, especially in the face of climate change. Rice (Oryza sativa) varieties have evolved protective strategies to acclimate to high temperature, with different thermotolerance levels. In this review, we examine the morphological and molecular effects of heat on rice in different growth stages and plant organs, including roots, stems, leaves and flowers. We also explore the molecular and morphological differences among thermotolerant rice lines. In addition, some strategies are proposed to screen new rice varieties for thermotolerance, which will contribute to the improvement of rice for agricultural production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingpei Bao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenxian Gao
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Wheat Research Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Daye Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuzhi Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaoteng Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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3
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Takeda T, Shirai K, Kim YW, Higuchi-Takeuchi M, Shimizu M, Kondo T, Ushijima T, Matsushita T, Shinozaki K, Hanada K. A de novo gene originating from the mitochondria controls floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:189-203. [PMID: 36306001 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
De novo genes created in the plant mitochondrial genome have frequently been transferred into the nuclear genome via intergenomic gene transfer events. Therefore, plant mitochondria might be a source of de novo genes in the nuclear genome. However, the functions of de novo genes originating from mitochondria and the evolutionary fate remain unclear. Here, we revealed that an Arabidopsis thaliana specific small coding gene derived from the mitochondrial genome regulates floral transition. We previously identified 49 candidate de novo genes that induce abnormal morphological changes on overexpression. We focused on a candidate gene derived from the mitochondrial genome (sORF2146) that encodes 66 amino acids. Comparative genomic analyses indicated that the mitochondrial sORF2146 emerged in the Brassica lineage as a de novo gene. The nuclear sORF2146 emerged following an intergenomic gene transfer event in the A. thaliana after the divergence between Arabidopsis and Capsella. Although the nuclear and mitochondrial sORF2146 sequences are the same in A. thaliana, only the nuclear sORF2146 is transcribed. The nuclear sORF2146 product is localized in mitochondria, which may be associated with the pseudogenization of the mitochondrial sORF2146. To functionally characterize the nuclear sORF2146, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of transgenic plants overexpressing the nuclear sORF2146. Flowering transition-related genes were highly regulated in the transgenic plants. Subsequent phenotypic analyses demonstrated that the overexpression and knockdown of sORF2146 in transgenic plants resulted in delayed and early flowering, respectively. These findings suggest that a lineage-specific de novo gene derived from mitochondria has an important regulatory effect on floral transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Takeda
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-Shi, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shirai
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-Shi, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - You-Wang Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-Shi, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan
| | | | - Minami Shimizu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama-Shi, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-Shi, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ushijima
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonao Matsushita
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama-Shi, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kousuke Hanada
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-Shi, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan.
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Yao X, Li Y, Chen J, Zhou Z, Wen Y, Fang K, Yang F, Li T, Zhang D, Lin H. Brassinosteroids enhance BES1-required thermomemory in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3492-3504. [PMID: 36130868 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) caused by ambient high temperature poses a threat to plants. In the natural and agricultural environment, plants often encounter repeated and changeable HS. Moderate HS primes plants to establish a molecular 'thermomemory' that enables plants to withstand a later-and possibly more extreme-HS attack. Recent years, brassinosteroids (BRs) have been implicated in HS response, whereas the information is lacking on whether BRs signal transduction modulates thermomemory. Here, we uncover the positive role of BRs signalling in thermomemory of Arabidopsis thaliana. Heat priming induces de novo synthesis and nuclear accumulation of BRI1-Ethyl methyl sulfon-SUPPRESSOR (BES1), which is the key regulator of BRs signalling. BRs promote the accumulation of dephosphorylated BES1 during memory phase, and stoppage of BRs synthesis impairs dephosphorylation. During HS memory, BES1 is required to maintain sustained induction of HS memory genes and directly targets APX2 and HSFA3 for activation. In summary, our results reveal a BES1-required, BRs-enhanced transcriptional control module of thermomemory in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zuxu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fabin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taotao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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ERF49 mediates brassinosteroid regulation of heat stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Biol 2022; 20:254. [DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Heat stress is a major abiotic stress affecting the growth and development of plants, including crop species. Plants have evolved various adaptive strategies to help them survive heat stress, including maintaining membrane stability, encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs) and ROS-scavenging enzymes, and inducing molecular chaperone signaling. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are phytohormones that regulate various aspects of plant development, which have been implicated also in plant responses to heat stress, and resistance to heat in Arabidopsis thaliana is enhanced by adding exogenous BR. Brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1), a transcription factor and positive regulator of BR signal, controls plant growth and development by directly regulating downstream target genes. However, the molecular mechanism at the basis of BR-mediated heat stress response is poorly understood. Here, we report the identification of a new factor critical for BR-regulated heat stress tolerance.
Results
We identified ERF49 in a genetic screen for proteins required for BR-regulated gene expression. We found that ERF49 is the direct target gene of BZR1 and that overexpressing ERF49 enhanced sensitivity of transgenic plants to heat stress. The transcription levels of heat shock factor HSFA2, heat stress-inducible gene DREB2A, and three heat shock protein (HSP) were significantly reduced under heat stress in ERF49-overexpressed transgenic plants. Transcriptional activity analysis in protoplast revealed that BZR1 inhibits ERF49 expression by binding to the promoter of ERF49. Our genetic analysis showed that dominant gain-of-function brassinazole resistant 1-1D mutant (bzr1-1D) exhibited lower sensitivity to heat stress compared with wild-type. Expressing ERF49-SRDX (a dominant repressor reporter of ERF49) in bzr1-1D significantly decreased the sensitivity of ERF49-SRDX/bzr1-1D transgenic plants to heat stress compared to bzr1-1D.
Conclusions
Our data provide clear evidence that BR increases thermotolerance of plants by repressing the expression of ERF49 through BZR1, and this process is dependent on the expression of downstream heat stress-inducible genes. Taken together, our work reveals a novel molecular mechanism mediating plant response to high temperature stress.
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Ying S, Yang W, Li P, Hu Y, Lu S, Zhou Y, Huang J, Hancock JT, Hu X. Phytochrome B enhances seed germination tolerance to high temperature by reducing S-nitrosylation of HFR1. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54371. [PMID: 36062942 PMCID: PMC9535752 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Light and ambient high temperature (HT) have opposite effects on seed germination. Light induces seed germination through activating the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB), resulting in the stabilization of the transcription factor HFR1, which in turn sequesters the suppressor PIF1. HT suppresses seed germination and triggers protein S-nitrosylation. Here, we find that HT suppresses seed germination by inducing the S-nitrosylation of HFR1 at C164, resulting in its degradation, the release of PIF1, and the activation of PIF1-targeted SOMNUS (SOM) expression to alter gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism. Active phyB (phyBY276H ) antagonizes HFR1 S-nitrosylation and degradation by increasing S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity. In line with this, substituting cysteine-164 of HFR1 with serine (HFR1C164S ) abolishes the S-nitrosylation of HFR1 and decreases the HT-induced degradation of HFR1. Taken together, our study suggests that HT and phyB antagonistically modulate the S-nitrosylation level of HFR1 to coordinate seed germination, and provides the possibility to enhance seed thermotolerance through gene-editing of HFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbei Ying
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio‐Energy Crops, School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio‐Energy Crops, School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ping Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio‐Energy Crops, School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yulan Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio‐Energy Crops, School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shiyan Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio‐Energy Crops, School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Jinling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
- Department of BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUSA
| | - John T Hancock
- Department of Applied SciencesUniversity of the West of EnglandBristolUK
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio‐Energy Crops, School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
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Zolkiewicz K, Gruszka D. Glycogen synthase kinases in model and crop plants - From negative regulators of brassinosteroid signaling to multifaceted hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant reproduction and yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:939487. [PMID: 35909730 PMCID: PMC9335153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinases, also known as SHAGGY-like Kinases (GSKs/SKs), are highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases present both in animals and plants. Plant genomes contain multiple homologs of the GSK3 genes which participate in various biological processes. Plant GSKs/SKs, and their best known representative in Arabidopsis thaliana - Brassinosteroid Insentisive2 (BIN2/SK21) in particular, were first identified as components of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. As phytohormones, BRs regulate a wide range of physiological processes in plants - from germination, cell division, elongation and differentiation to leaf senescence, and response to environmental stresses. The GSKs/SKs proteins belong to a group of several highly conserved components of the BR signaling which evolved early during evolution of this molecular relay. However, recent reports indicated that the GSKs/SKs proteins are also implicated in signaling pathways of other phytohormones and stress-response processes. As a consequence, the GSKs/SKs proteins became hubs of various signaling pathways and modulators of plant development and reproduction. Thus, it is very important to understand molecular mechanisms regulating activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins, but also to get insights into role of the GSKs/SKs proteins in modulation of stability and activity of various substrate proteins which participate in the numerous signaling pathways. Although elucidation of these aspects is still in progress, this review presents a comprehensive and detailed description of these processes and their implications for regulation of development, stress response, and reproduction of model and crop species. The GSKs/SKs proteins and their activity are modulated through phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation reactions which are regulated by various proteins. Importantly, both phosphorylations and de-phosphorylations may have positive and negative effects on the activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins. Additionally, the activity of the GSKs/SKs proteins is positively regulated by reactive oxygen species, whereas it is negatively regulated through ubiquitylation, deacetylation, and nitric oxide-mediated nitrosylation. On the other hand, the GSKs/SKs proteins interact with proteins representing various signaling pathways, and on the basis of the complicated network of interactions the GSKs/SKs proteins differentially regulate various physiological, developmental, stress response, and yield-related processes.
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