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Gao Y, Lei Z, Huang J, Sun Y, Liu S, Yao L, Liu J, Liu W, Liu Y, Chen Y. Characterization of Key Odorants in Lushan Yunwu Tea in Response to Intercropping with Flowering Cherry. Foods 2024; 13:1252. [PMID: 38672924 PMCID: PMC11049266 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lushan Yunwu tea (LSYWT) is a famous green tea in China. However, the effects of intercropping tea with flowering cherry on the overall aroma of tea have not been well understood. In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for analysis. A total of 54 volatile compounds from eight chemical classes were identified in tea samples from both the intercropping and pure-tea-plantation groups. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and odor activity value (OAV) methods combined with sensory evaluation identified cis-jasmone, nonanal, and linalool as the key aroma compounds in the intercropping group. Benzaldehyde, α-farnesene, and methyl benzene were identified as the main volatile compounds in the flowering cherry using headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). These findings will enrich the research on tea aroma chemistry and offer new insights into the product development and quality improvement of LSYWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiang Gao
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Jigang Huang
- Jiujiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Yongming Sun
- Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 330046, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Jiujiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Liping Yao
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Jiujiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China; (Y.G.)
| | - Yan Chen
- Jiujiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jiujiang 332000, China
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Qiao D, Yang C, Mi X, Tang M, Liang S, Chen Z. Genome-wide identification of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) BAHD acyltransferases reveals their role in response to herbivorous pests. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:229. [PMID: 38561653 PMCID: PMC10985903 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BAHD acyltransferases are among the largest metabolic protein domain families in the genomes of terrestrial plants and play important roles in plant growth and development, aroma formation, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Little is known about the BAHDs in the tea plant, a cash crop rich in secondary metabolites. RESULTS In this study, 112 BAHD genes (CsBAHD01-CsBAHD112) were identified from the tea plant genome, with 85% (98/112) unevenly distributed across the 15 chromosomes. The number of BAHD gene family members has significantly expanded from wild tea plants to the assamica type to the sinensis type. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they could be classified into seven subgroups. Promoter cis-acting element analysis revealed that they contain a large number of light, phytohormones, and stress-responsive elements. Many members displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. CsBAHD05 was expressed at more than 500-fold higher levels in purple tea leaves than in green tea leaves. The genes exhibiting the most significant response to MeJA treatment and feeding by herbivorous pests were primarily concentrated in subgroups 5 and 6. The expression of 23 members of these two subgroups at different time points after feeding by tea green leafhoppers and tea geometrids was examined via qPCR, and the results revealed that the expression of CsBAHD93, CsBAHD94 and CsBAHD95 was significantly induced after the tea plants were subjected to feeding by both pricking and chewing pests. Moreover, based on the transcriptome data for tea plants being fed on by these two pests, a transcriptional regulatory network of different transcription factor genes coexpressed with these 23 members was constructed. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the role of BAHDs in the defense response of tea plants, and will facilitate in-depth studies of the molecular function of BAHDs in resistance to herbivorous pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahe Qiao
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengsha Tang
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Sihui Liang
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhengwu Chen
- Guizhou Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, Guizhou, China.
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Yue Y, Zhang X, Wang L, He J, Yang S, Li X, Yu Y, Yu R, Fan Y. Identification and Characterization of Jasmonic Acid Methyltransferase Involved in the Formation of Floral Methyl Jasmonate in Hedychium coronarium. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:8. [PMID: 38202316 PMCID: PMC10780636 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Hedychium coronarium is a popular ornamental flower in tropical and subtropical areas due to its elegant appearance and inviting fragrance. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is one of the volatile compounds in the blooming flowers of H. coronarium. However, the molecular mechanism underlying floral MeJA formation is still unclear in H. coronarium. In this study, a total of 12 SABATH family genes were identified in the genome of H. coronarium, and their encoded proteins range from 366 to 387 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed seven clades in the SABATH family and a JMT ortholog clade, including two HcSABATH members. Combined with expression profiling of HcSABATH members, HcJMT1 was identified as the top candidate gene for floral MeJA biosynthesis. In vitro enzyme assays showed that HcJMT1 can catalyze the production of MeJA from jasmonic acid. Gene expression analysis indicated that HcJMT1 exhibited the highest expression in the labella and lateral petals, the major sites of MeJA emission. During flower development, the two MeJA isomers, major isomers in the products of the HcJMT1 protein, were released after anthesis, in which stage HcJMT1 displayed high expression. Our results indicated that HcJMT1 is involved in the formation of floral MeJA in H. coronarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechong Yue
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Lan Wang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jieling He
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shengnan Yang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xinyue Li
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yunyi Yu
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhang P, Ma X, Zhang Q, Guo Z, Hao J, Zhang Z, Sun M, Liu Y. Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds and Endogenous Extracts and Study of Expression Patterns of TPS and BSMT in the Flowers of Seven Lilium Cultivars. Molecules 2023; 28:7938. [PMID: 38138428 PMCID: PMC10745987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lily is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, with a rich floral fragrance. To further explore the fragrance emission mechanisms of lily cultivars, headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and organic solvent extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (OSE-GC-MS) were used to unveil the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and endogenous extracts of seven lily cultivars. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of two key genes (TPS and BSMT) related to the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids and methyl benzoate. The results show that forty-five VOCs were detected in the petals of seven lily cultivars, and the main compounds were monoterpenoids and phenylpropanoids/benzenoids. Dichloromethane was the best solvent for extracting the endogenous extracts of Lilium 'Viviana' petals and eighteen endogenous extracts were detected using dichloromethane to extract the petals of seven lily cultivars. Each compound's emission ratio (natural logarithm of the ratio of VOC content to endogenous extract content) was calculated, and linear regression analyses between emission ratios and boiling points were conducted. Significant linear negative correlations existed between the emission ratios and boiling points of compounds, and the regression equations' coefficients of determination (R2) were all greater than 0.7. TPS was expressed highly in 'Viviana', 'Pink News', and 'Palazzo', and BSMT was expressed highly in 'Pink News' and 'Palazzo'. Correlation analyses between the gene expression levels and the monoterpenoids and methyl benzoate contents found that the TPS expression levels have strong positive correlations with monoterpenoids content, while no correlations were found between the expression levels of BSMT and the contents of methyl benzoate. This study lays the foundation for research on the release patterns of VOCs in the flowers of Lilium, and the breeding of lilies for their floral fragrance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (Q.Z.); (Z.G.); (J.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (Q.Z.); (Z.G.); (J.H.); (Z.Z.)
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