Split application of polymer-coated urea combined with common urea improved nitrogen efficiency without sacrificing wheat yield and benefits while saving 20% nitrogen input

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation of Two Amylose Content Indica Rice on Yield

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are key factors affecting rice yield. To study the effects of single application of nitrogen, phosphorus and their combined application on dry matter accumulation and yield of rice, two types of indica rice with contenting amylose contents, low amylose content (LAC) and high amylose content (HAC) were used as the test materials. Four different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus were applied (N0: 0, N1: 90, N2: 150, N3: 270 kg/hm2) and (P0: 0, P1: 15, P2: 30, P3: 60 kg/hm2). The application of N fertilizer alone and in combination with P effectively promote dry matter accumulation, translocation and increase yield. Under the N3P0 and N3P1 treatments, LAC and HAC achieved their highest yield of 10.03 t/hm2 and 11.24 t/hm2, respectively. representing increased of 46.19% and 29.05% compared to N0P0 treatment. Phosphorus application influenced dry matter accumulation at maturity and stem and leaf dry matter translocation to the panicle, translocation rates, and their contribution to the panicle, there by increasing yield. Effective panicles, spikelets per panicle, grain filling, stem and leaf dry matter translocation, stem and leaf dry matter translocation rate were significantly or highly significantly positively correlated with yield, and 1000-grain weight was highly significantly negatively correlated with yield, which were mainly increased by increasing panicle dry matter accumulation at maturity, the increase in the amount of increase in dry matter of panicle, the contribution rate of stem and leaf dry matter translocation to the panicle, the amount of stem and leaf dry matter translocation, and the rate of stem and leaf dry matter translocation to increase spikelets per panicle and the grain filling, and then to improvement of yield.

Dissolved and suspended nutrient complexity in an urbanized creek-estuary confluence: Implication on water quality alteration

The Thane Creek-Ulhas estuary confluence region acts as a naturally active infiltration system, crucial for altering water quality in the area and Arabian Sea. Particle-water exchange, hydrodynamics, and anthropogenic discharge influence nutrient transfer and transformation, highlighting the need for effective water quality management in this urbanized ecosystem. We analyzed monthly hydrography and nutrient data in water, and particulates from April 2021 to March 2022, including period of Cyclone Gulab at four locations along the inflow and outflow sectors. Our results revealed prevalent hypoxic conditions in the confluence waters, driven by microbial oxygen demand that surpassed the chemical load due to indiscriminate sewage inflow. Phosphorus emerged as the limiting nutrient, inhibited by adsorption/desorption equilibrium. Dissolved phosphate was transformed into particulate form under intermediate suspended load, with further transform into organic phosphorous during non-monsoon season. Excessive ammonium from sewage during the cyclone and elevated urea during non-monsoon indicated regenerated nitrogen forms, rendering the region eutrophic and hyper-eutrophic, with intermittent organic pollution. Engineering interventions may help mitigate water quality alterations that pose significant ecological risks in this mangrove-dominant confluence ecosystem.