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Timm I, Giurgiu M, Ebner-Priemer U, Reichert M. The Within-Subject Association of Physical Behavior and Affective Well-Being in Everyday Life: A Systematic Literature Review. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02016-1. [PMID: 38705972 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay of physical activity (PA) with affective well-being (AWB) is highly critical to both health behaviors and health outcomes. Current prominent theories presume AWB to be crucial for PA maintenance, and PA is evidenced to foster mental health. However, thus far, PA-AWB associations have mainly been researched in laboratory settings and with interventional designs, but the everyday life perspective had not been focused on, mostly due to technological limitations. In the course of digitization, the number of studies using device-based methods to research the within-subject association of physical activity and affective well-being (PA-AWB) under ecological valid conditions increased rapidly, but a recent comprehensive systematic review of evidence across populations, age groups, and distinct AWB components remained inconclusive. OBJECTIVES Therefore, we aimed to firstly review daily-life studies that assessed intensive longitudinal device-based (e.g., electronic smartphone diaries and accelerometry) and real-time PA-AWB data, secondly to develop and apply a quality assessment tool applicable to those studies, and thirdly to discuss findings and draw implications for research and practice. METHODS To this end, the literature was searched in three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus) up to November 2022. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and had been pre-registered (PROSPERO id: CRD42021277327). A modified quality assessment tool was developed to illustrate the risk of bias of included studies. RESULTS The review of findings showed that, in general, already short PA bouts in everyday life, which clearly differ from structured exercise sessions, are positively associated with AWB. In particular, feelings of energy relate to incidental (non-exercise and unstructured) activity, and PA-AWB associations depend on population characteristics. The quality assessment revealed overall moderate study quality; however, the methods applied were largely heterogeneous between investigations. Overall, the reviewed evidence on PA-AWB associations in everyday life is ambiguous; for example, no clear patterns of directions and strengths of PA-AWB relationships depending on PA and AWB components (such as intensity, emotions, affect, mood) emerged. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence can fuel discussions on whether the World Health Organization's notion "every move counts" may be extended to everyday life AWB. Concurrently, the PA-AWB relationship findings endorse prominent theories highlighting the critical role of AWB in everyday PA engagement and maintenance. However, the review also clearly highlights the need to advance and harmonize methodological approaches for more fine-grained investigations on which specific PA/AWB characteristics, contextual factors, and biological determinants underly PA-AWB associations in everyday life. This will enable the field to tackle pressing challenges such as the issue of causality of PA-AWB associations, which will help to shape and refine existing theories to ultimately predict and improve health behavior, thereby feeding into precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus-Nord 10, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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Seiferth C, Fiedler J, Färber T, Pape M, Schroeder S, Herpertz S, Steins-Loeber S, Wolstein J. Bi-directional associations of core affect and physical activity in adults with higher body weight: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241228202. [PMID: 38284358 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Affect is known to be predictive of and enhanced by higher physical activity (PA) levels in the general population. This secondary analysis aimed to increase the understanding of the bi-directional relationship between PA and core affect (i.e. valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) among adults with higher body weight. Affect and PA were assessed in naturalistic settings via ecological momentary assessment using a mixed sampling scheme from 157 participants (body mass index: 32.99 ± 3.78 kg/m2). Multilevel models revealed that being more physically active in the 15 minutes prior to the assessment predicted an increase in energetic arousal and a decrease in calmness. Subsequently, feeling more energetic and agitated was associated with increased PA within the following 15 minutes. Valence (i.e. pleasure-displeasure) was not associated with PA nor predictive of subsequent PA. Digital PA interventions may target the enhancement of feelings of energy and present psychoeducation about these distinct psychological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magdalena Pape
- LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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Timm I, Reichert M, Ebner-Priemer UW, Giurgiu M. Momentary within-subject associations of affective states and physical behavior are moderated by weather conditions in real life: an ambulatory assessment study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:117. [PMID: 37777773 PMCID: PMC10541720 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical behavior (PB) is a key lifestyle factor in regulating and preventing diseases across the lifespan. Researchers identified affective, cognitive, and contextual factors like weather conditions, as significant contributors in determining if individuals are physically active. However, there is scarce empirical evidence about potential associations between PB and affective states influenced by weather conditions in daily life. Therefore, we explored if weather conditions moderated the within-subject association between momentary affective states and subsequent PB. METHODS Utilizing ambulatory assessment, 79 participants completed electronic diaries about their affective states (i.e., valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) up to six times a day over five days, and their PB (i.e., physical activity and sedentariness) was simultaneously recorded via accelerometers. Weather conditions (i.e., temperature and precipitation) recorded near participants' locations served as moderators in the multilevel analyses. RESULTS We confirmed earlier findings associating affective states with PB. Increased valence and energetic arousal were positively associated with physical activity (β = 0.007; p < .001), whereas calmness predicted lower levels of physical activity (β = -0.006; p < .001). Higher levels of calmness showed a positive association with sedentary behavior (β = 0.054; p = .003). In addition, we revealed a significant positive association between temperature, as a momentary weather condition, and physical activity (β = 0.025; p = .015). Furthermore, we showed that the association of affective states and physical activity was moderated by temperature. Higher temperatures enhanced the positive effects of valence on physical activity (β = .001, p = .023) and attenuated the negative effects of calmness on physical activity (β = .001, p = .021). Moreover, higher temperatures enhanced the positive effects of valence on reduced sedentary behavior (β = -0.011, p = .043). CONCLUSIONS Temperature alterations appeared to have an impact on subsequent physical activity. Furthermore, temperature alterations moderated the influence of affective states on conducted physical activity. This might offer the opportunity for just-in-time adaptive interventions to intervene in individually appropriate environmental conditions for promoting physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany.
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany
- Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus-Nord 10, Bochum, 44801, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Rodríguez-Negro J, Pesola JA, Yanci J. Can different physical education programs produce specific developments in psychological responses and cognitive functions? An ecological intervention in school-age children. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 92:1687-1698. [PMID: 35875927 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical education (PE) class contents on 6-8 years school-age children's perceived exertion, psychological responses and cognitive functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS These dimensions were measured in 135 children (6.61 ± 0.58 years) before and after an 8-week different PE intervention programs [i.e. balance intervention program (BIP), game based program (GBP) or drama learning program (DLP)]. RESULTS With regard to the physical exertion, higher perceived exertion was found in BIP than in GBP and DLP (p < .01, ES = -0.5 to -1.0, small to moderate). Regarding cognitive functions, children of the GBP and the DLP significantly improved some of the cognitive functions test scores (p < .01 or 0.05, ES = 0.5 to 1.5, small to large). CONCLUSION These results lead us to think that physical activity could be an effective tool for improving children's cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Rodríguez-Negro
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Johannes Arto Pesola
- Active Life Lab, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Javier Yanci
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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5
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Li YM, Konstabel K, Mõttus R, Lemola S. Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: An experience sampling study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:920580. [PMID: 35923450 PMCID: PMC9339893 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.920580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine the relationship between the timing of physical activity and within-individual differences in depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect in individuals with different baseline levels of depressive symptoms. Methods Experience sampling methodology (ESM) was used to measure real-time depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect in a convenience sample of 78 healthy adults (aged M = 25.46 years, SD = 6.18; 57 females) five times per day for 14 days. We measured physical activity throughout the 14 days by using activity sensors. Baseline levels of depressive symptoms were assessed with the PHQ-9 to build subgroups with low vs. mild-moderate depressive symptoms. Results Physical activity predicted decreased depressive symptom levels, negative affect, and increased positive affect. Associations were stronger for individuals with higher baseline levels of depressive symptoms and for physical activity between 0 and 30 min compared to physical activity between 30 and 180 min before the mood rating. Conversely, levels of depressive symptoms, positive and negative affect did not predict physical activity. Limitations The convenience sample may not have been representative of the general population or people with depression. Accelerometers may not have detected some types of physical activities such as bicycling. Causality could not be inferred because of the observational study design. Conclusion Individuals with higher levels of depressive symptoms may benefit from physical activity. While the effects were strongest for physical activity immediately before the mood ratings, the effects were in the same direction for up to 3 h before the mood ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kenn Konstabel
- National Institute of Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - René Mõttus
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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6
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Sleep quality, valence, energetic arousal, and calmness as predictors of device-based measured physical activity during a three-week mHealth intervention. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [PMCID: PMC9008661 DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is known to be a risk factor for several noncommunicable diseases and has a high prevalence in today’s society. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the psychological factors associated with physical activity (PA). Recent developments in the field of ambulatory assessment and technological advances are promising to enhance our understanding of this relationship by analyzing longitudinal data within- and between-persons. These analyses can reveal important factors to design behavior change interventions to enhance PA. Therefore, this study used an ecological momentary assessment during the 3‑week intervention period in the SMARTFAMILY2.0 trial and aimed to investigate whether valence, calmness, energetic arousal, and sleep quality predict daily steps and moderate to vigorous PA. Overall, 49 adults (35–60 years) and 40 children (5–19 years) were included in this analysis and self-rated their mental state within our smartphone application while also wearing a hip-worn accelerometer for 21 consecutive days (996 days included) during the intervention period. Multilevel analyses were conducted to predict daily PA while considering covariables (e.g., child/adult and non-wear time) both within- and between-persons. The results indicated that higher than average ratings of a person’s valence and energetic arousal on one day predicted increased PA while higher than average calmness predicted decreased PA at the same day within this person. Sleep quality and between-person effects of the affective states showed no clear associations to PA. Overall, these results showed that within-person associations of valence, calmness, and energetic arousal should be considered when designing PA interventions for both children and adults. The influence of sleep quality, as well as between-person effects, should be further explored by future studies.
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7
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Positive affect predicts engagement in healthy behaviors within a day, but not across days. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Poppe L, De Paepe AL, Van Ryckeghem DML, Van Dyck D, Maes I, Crombez G. The impact of mental and somatic stressors on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a diary study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11579. [PMID: 34178463 PMCID: PMC8216170 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adopting an active lifestyle is key in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, the majority of individuals with T2DM fails to do so. Additionally, individuals with T2DM are likely to experience mental (e.g., stress) and somatic (e.g., pain) stressors. Research investigating the link between these stressors and activity levels within this group is largely lacking. Therefore, current research aimed to investigate how daily fluctuations in mental and somatic stressors predict daily levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour among adults with T2DM. Methods Individuals with T2DM (N = 54) were instructed to complete a morning diary assessing mental and somatic stressors and to wear an accelerometer for 10 consecutive days. The associations between the mental and somatic stressors and participants’ levels of PA and sedentary behaviour were examined using (generalized) linear mixed effect models. Results Valid data were provided by 38 participants. We found no evidence that intra-individual increases in mental and somatic stressors detrimentally affected participants’ activity levels. Similarly, levels of sedentary behaviour nor levels of PA were predicted by inter-individual differences in the mental and somatic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Poppe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick L De Paepe
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dimitri M L Van Ryckeghem
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Section Experimental Health Psychology, Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iris Maes
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Kim J, Conroy DE, Smyth JM. Bidirectional Associations of Momentary Affect with Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Working Adults. Ann Behav Med 2021; 54:268-279. [PMID: 31613961 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective experiences and movement-based behaviors form a system that has been shown to influence exercise adherence and mental health outcomes. Little is known about the naturalistic dynamics of the reciprocal associations in this system. PURPOSE We examined the time intervals at which momentary affect precedes and follows movement-based behaviors in everyday life. METHODS A community sample of working adults (n = 111) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA) asking about current affect states (sad, happy, tired, and interested) six times a day for three consecutive days. Ratings were used to generate scores for momentary affective arousal and valence. Participants also wore an activity monitor. Total activity counts and sedentary duration in the shorter to longer time intervals (5-120 min) before or after EMA were used as indicators of movement-based behaviors. RESULTS Multilevel modeling showed that current affective arousal predicted higher subsequent activity counts in the longer time intervals (120 min) and less subsequent sedentary behavior in the shorter to longer time intervals (5, 60, and 120 min). For the reversed sequence, neither movement-based behavior predicted subsequent momentary arousal or valence. Affective valence was unrelated to movement-based behaviors in either temporal direction. CONCLUSIONS Some naturally occurring affective experiences (i.e., arousal) might precede, rather than follow, movement-based behaviors. Understanding affective arousal may contribute to improved management of subsequent movement-based behaviors in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Kim
- Department of Informatics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - David E Conroy
- Departments of Kinesiology and Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.,Department of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center and The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA
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Forster AK, Richards EA, Foli KJ, McGowan B, Hass Z, Becker M, Miller A. Influence of Affect on Physical Activity: An Integrative Review. Clin Nurs Res 2020; 30:934-949. [PMID: 33111569 DOI: 10.1177/1054773820968039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Affective states, such as feelings of anger and excitement, are linked to health outcomes and behaviors. The benefits of physical activity for individual affect is known; however, how affect influences physical activity participation is less understood. Using Whittemore and Knafl's framework, this integrative review examines the influence of affect on adult physical activity. using six databases, 19 articles published between 1997 and 2019. Themes found include support for the influence of positive affect on increased physical activity, a temporal aspect of affect, a variety of measurement tools, and varying uses of theoretical frameworks across studies. Advanced practice nurses and registered nurses may improve patient health behaviors, such as physical activity, by incorporating affect-focused assessments. Review findings support consideration of affect in physical activity counseling. Further research using theory-driven methods and consistent affect assessments is needed to test the complex relationship between affect and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Forster
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Center on Aging and the Life Course, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Richards
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Center on Aging and the Life Course, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karen J Foli
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bethany McGowan
- Purdue University Libraries and School of Information Studies, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zachary Hass
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue School of Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Margaret Becker
- Purdue University Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ann Miller
- Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Rector JL, Christ SL, Friedman EM. Well-being and Long-term Physical Activity Participation in Midlife Adults: A Latent Class Analysis. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:53-64. [PMID: 29878042 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the benefits of physical activity, a large majority of adults fail to get the recommended amount of regular exercise, and interventions to increase physical activity typically achieve only temporary improvements. The potential contribution of positive psychological functioning to the maintenance of physical activity has not been widely examined. Purpose To test the hypothesis that psychological well-being would increase the likelihood of sustained physical activity in adults using a person-centered approach with longitudinal data. Methods Participants (N = 2,214) were from the longitudinal Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS). Continuous latent variables representing physical activity at three waves of MIDUS were used to partition respondents into distinct (categorical) classes based on longitudinal activity profiles. Results Latent class analyses identified three distinct physical activity profiles: sustained, consistently low, and declining activity (the normative class). Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that the odds of membership in the sustained activity class were significantly higher for those with higher eudaimonic well-being (OR = 1.08 [1.03-1.13], p = .001), after adjustment for diverse covariates. Supplemental analyses revealed similar associations for specific subdomains of eudaimonic well-being. Conclusion This study provides evidence that greater well-being may help sustain physical activity in the long term. These results suggest that improving well-being may be a useful addition to interventions aimed at increasing long-term physical activity participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrald L Rector
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, Fowler Memorial House, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sharon L Christ
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, Fowler Memorial House, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Elliot M Friedman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, Fowler Memorial House, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Zapata-Lamana R, Lalanza JF, Losilla JM, Parrado E, Capdevila L. mHealth technology for ecological momentary assessment in physical activity research: a systematic review. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8848. [PMID: 32257648 PMCID: PMC7103204 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the publications on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) relating to physical activity (PA) behavior in order to classify the methodologies, and to identify the main mHealth technology-based tools and procedures that have been applied during the first 10 years since the emergence of smartphones. As a result of this review, we want to ask if there is enough evidence to propose the use of the term "mEMA" (mobile-based EMA). DESIGN A systematic review according to PRISMA Statement (PROSPERO registration: CRD42018088136). METHOD Four databases (PsycINFO, CINALH, Medline and Web of Science Core Collection) were searched electronically from 2008 to February 2018. RESULTS A total of 76 studies from 297 potential articles on the use of EMA and PA were included in this review. It was found that 71% of studies specifically used "EMA" for assessing PA behaviors but the rest used other terminology that also adjusted to the inclusion criteria. Just over half (51.3%) of studies (39) used mHealth technology, mainly smartphones, for collecting EMA data. The majority (79.5%) of these studies (31 out of 39) were published during the last 4 years. On the other hand, 58.8% of studies that only used paper-and-pencil were published during the first 3 years of the 10-year period analyzed. An accelerometer was the main built-in sensor used for collecting PA behavior by means of mHealth (69%). Most of the studies were carried out on young-adult samples, with only three studies in older adults. Women were included in 60% of studies, and healthy people in 82%. The studies lasted between 1 and 7 days in 57.9%, and between three and seven assessments per day were carried out in 37%. The most popular topics evaluated together with PA were psychological state and social and environmental context. CONCLUSIONS We have classified the EMA methodologies used for assessing PA behaviors. A total of 71% of studies used the term "EMA" and 51.3% used mHealth technology. Accelerometers have been the main built-in sensor used for collecting PA. The change of trend in the use of tools for EMA in PA coincides with the technological advances of the last decade due to the emergence of smartphones and mHealth technology. There is enough evidence to use the term mEMA when mHealth technology is being used for monitoring real-time lifestyle behaviors in natural situations. We define mEMA as the use of mobile computing and communication technologies for the EMA of health and lifestyle behaviors. It is clear that the use of mHealth is increasing, but there is still a lot to be gained from taking advantage of all the capabilities of this technology in order to apply EMA to PA behavior. Thus, mEMA methodology can help in the monitoring of healthy lifestyles under both subjective and objective perspectives. The tendency for future research should be the automatic recognition of the PA of the user without interrupting their behavior. The ecological information could be completed with voice messages, image captures or brief text selections on the touch screen made in real time, all managed through smartphone apps. This methodology could be extended when EMA combined with mHealth are used to evaluate other lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaume F. Lalanza
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Losilla
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eva Parrado
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lluis Capdevila
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Kolar DR, Neumayr C, Roth M, Voderholzer U, Perthes K, Schlegl S. Testing an emotion regulation model of physical activity in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A pilot ecological momentary assessment. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2019; 28:170-183. [PMID: 31802577 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) often show increased levels of exercise and physical activity. Psychological models suggest that physical activity in AN might attenuate momentary negative affect. However, this has not been directly tested in adolescents with AN, and it remains unclear whether this is a distinct mechanism of physical activity in AN compared with healthy controls (HCs). METHOD In a 1-day ecological momentary assessment, 32 adolescent inpatients with AN and 30 HCs responded to hourly questions on momentary affect while wearing an actigraph to objectively assess physical activity. RESULTS Linear mixed models identified that adolescents with AN experienced more aversive tension, more negative affect, and less positive affect throughout the day than HCs. Preliminary evidence for a momentary association of higher levels of physical activity with positive affect were found for both groups, whereas higher levels of physical activity were associated with less negative affect in adolescents with AN only. When correcting for multiple testing, interactions did not hold statistical significance. DISCUSSION Our results indicate a down-regulation effect of physical activity on negative affect for AN and a more general up-regulation effect of positive affect. However, our sample size was small, and replication of our findings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Kolar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Melina Roth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Voderholzer
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Prien am Chiemsee, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Perthes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Schlegl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Schaan L, Schulz A, Nuraydin S, Bergert C, Hilger A, Rach H, Hechler T. Interoceptive accuracy, emotion recognition, and emotion regulation in preschool children. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 138:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Li Y, Ji L, Oravecz Z, Brick TR, Hunter MD, Chow SM. dynr.mi: An R Program for Multiple Imputation in Dynamic Modeling. WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 13:302-311. [PMID: 31431819 PMCID: PMC6702040 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3298841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Assessing several individuals intensively over time yields intensive longitudinal data (ILD). Even though ILD provide rich information, they also bring other data analytic challenges. One of these is the increased occurrence of missingness with increased study length, possibly under non-ignorable missingness scenarios. Multiple imputation (MI) handles missing data by creating several imputed data sets, and pooling the estimation results across imputed data sets to yield final estimates for inferential purposes. In this article, we introduce dynr.mi(), a function in the R package, Dynamic Modeling in R (dynr). The package dynr provides a suite of fast and accessible functions for estimating and visualizing the results from fitting linear and nonlinear dynamic systems models in discrete as well as continuous time. By integrating the estimation functions in dynr and the MI procedures available from the R package, Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE), the dynr.mi() routine is designed to handle possibly non-ignorable missingness in the dependent variables and/or covariates in a user-specified dynamic systems model via MI, with convergence diagnostic check. We utilized dynr.mi() to examine, in the context of a vector autoregressive model, the relationships among individuals' ambulatory physiological measures, and self-report affect valence and arousal. The results from MI were compared to those from listwise deletion of entries with missingness in the covariates. When we determined the number of iterations based on the convergence diagnostics available from dynr.mi(), differences in the statistical significance of the covariate parameters were observed between the listwise deletion and MI approaches. These results underscore the importance of considering diagnostic information in the implementation of MI procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Li
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Linying Ji
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Zita Oravecz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies and Institute for CyberScience, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Timothy R Brick
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Michael D Hunter
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Sy-Miin Chow
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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16
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Nylocks KM, Rafaeli E, Bar-Kalifa E, Flynn JJ, Coifman KG. Testing the influence of negative and positive emotion on future health-promoting behaviors in a community sample. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-018-9729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Emerson JA, Dunsiger S, Williams DM. Reciprocal within-day associations between incidental affect and exercise: An EMA study. Psychol Health 2018; 33:130-143. [PMID: 28665227 PMCID: PMC5738286 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1341515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that how people feel throughout the course of a day (i.e. incidental affect) is predictive of exercise behaviour. A mostly separate literature suggests that exercise can lead to more positive incidental affect. OBJECTIVE This study examines the potential reciprocal effects of incidental affect and exercise behaviour within the same day. DESIGN Fifty-nine low-active (exercise <60 min/week), overweight (BMI: 25.0-39.9) adults (ages 18-65) participated in a six-month print-based exercise promotion programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ecological momentary assessment was used to record self-reported exercise sessions in real time and incidental affective valence (feeling good/bad) as assessed by the 11-point Feeling Scale at random times throughout the day. RESULTS Use of a within-subjects cross-lagged, autoregressive model showed that participants were more likely to exercise on days when they experienced more positive incidental affect earlier in the day (b = .58, SE = .10, p < .01), and participants were more likely to experience more positive incidental affect on days when they had exercised (b = .26, SE = .03, p < .01), with the former association significantly stronger than the latter (t = 23.54, p < .01). CONCLUSION The findings suggest a positive feedback loop whereby feeling good and exercising are reciprocally influential within the course of a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Emerson
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David M. Williams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Examining acute bi-directional relationships between affect, physical feeling states, and physical activity in free-living situations using electronic ecological momentary assessment. J Behav Med 2016; 40:445-457. [PMID: 27766481 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge about the relationship of physical activity with acute affective and physical feeling states is informed largely by lab-based studies, which have limited generalizability to the natural ecology. This study used ecological momentary assessment to assess subjective affective and physical feeling states in free-living settings across 4 days from 110 non-physically active adults (Age M = 40.4, SD = 9.7). Light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured objectively by an accelerometer. Multilevel modeling was used to test the bi-directional associations between affective and physical feeling states and LPA/MVPA minutes. Higher positive affect, lower negative affect and fatigue were associated with more MVPA over the subsequent 15 min, while higher negative affect and energy were associated with more LPA over the subsequent 15 and 30 min. Additionally, more LPA and MVPA were associated with feeling more energetic over the subsequent 15 and 30 min, and more LPA was additionally associated with feeling more negative and less tired over the subsequent 15 and 30 min. Positive and negative affective states might serve as antecedents to but not consequences of MVPA in adults' daily lives. Changes in LPA may be predicted and followed by negative affective states. Physical feeling states appear to lead up to and follow changes in both LPA and MVPA.
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