The Network Structure of Personality Pathology in Adolescence With the 100-Item Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short-Form (PID-5-SF)

A Longitudinal Network of Borderline-Related Trait Vulnerabilities from Childhood to Adolescence

Early maladaptive traits are predictive of later borderline personality pathology (BPP), but little is known about their dynamic interplay over time. This is an important issue to address, however, as significant differences in the 'clinical weight' of various traits constituting the early BPP trait phenotype may inform the field on important target constructs from an early intervention perspective. Therefore, the current study aims to uncover the complex dependencies between BPP traits across the crucial developmental period of childhood and adolescence, by using longitudinal network analysis. Both between- and within-person networks were constructed to identify how early mother-reported borderline-related traits are connected across a timespan of six years (ntime 1 = 718, Mtime1 = 10.73 years, SDtime1 = 1.39, 55.1% girls). Overall, the temporal network suggested various trait interdependencies, with internalizing traits being particularly influential in the development of the BPP trait network structure. At the same time, externalizing traits likely inhibit the negative effects of these core traits. In addition, results also revealed that internalizing and externalizing clusters of early borderline-related traits are linked through emotional lability. Implications of these findings are discussed in view of the change mechanisms at play and potential targets for early intervention.

Dimensional personality pathology and disordered eating in young adults: measuring the DSM-5 alternative model using the PID-5

Introduction

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a self-report measure of personality pathology designed to measure pathological personality traits outlined in the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders. Within the extensive literature exploring the relationship between personality and disordered eating, there are few that explore the relationship between the PID-5 and disordered eating behaviours in a non-clinical sample of males and females: restrictive eating, binge eating, purging, chewing and spitting, excessive exercising and muscle building.

Methods

An online survey assessed disordered eating, PID-5 traits and general psychopathology and was completed by 394 female and 167 male participants aged 16-30. Simultaneous equations path models were systematically generated for each disordered eating behaviour to identify how the PID-5 scales, body dissatisfaction and age predicted behaviour.

Results

The results indicated that each of the six disordered behaviours were associated with a unique pattern of maladaptive personality traits. The statistical models differed between males and females indicating possible differences in how dimensional personality pathology and disordered eating relate.

Discussion

It was concluded that understanding disordered eating behaviour in the context of personality pathology may assist formulating potentially risky behaviour.

Longitudinal Relations among Identity Distinctiveness, Continuity, and Integration among Dutch Adolescents

Identity distinctiveness, continuity, and coherence are all components of adolescents' identity development, but their longitudinal relations have rarely been examined. Data were analyzed on these three constructs collected over three years from 349 Dutch adolescents (M_age = 14.7, SD_age = 0.7, 215 [61.6%] girls and 133 [38.1%] boys). A cross-lagged panel model of the three constructs showed that stability was relatively high for distinctiveness and continuity, whereas coherence was less stable. Distinctiveness and continuity were correlated positively within time, but cross-lagged associations were mostly not significant: Only distinctiveness and coherence negatively predicted each other across waves. Results suggest that distinctiveness, continuity, and coherence may be interrelated, but may not drive the development of each other.

Core features of callous-unemotional traits: Network analysis of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits in offender and community samples

OBJECTIVE

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been added as a specifier labeled with "Limited Prosocial Emotion" used to diagnose conduct disorder in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, little is known about the core features of CU traits. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most central component of CU traits from a network perspective.

METHOD

Network analysis was applied to investigate the network structure of CU traits operationalized by the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in a sample of juvenile offenders (M_age  = 17.14, N = 609) and community youths (M_age  = 10.82, N = 487).

RESULTS

Our findings showed that items assessing callousness are the most central in the network across both samples. Also, the unemotional items were found to be located at a peripheral position, with fewer links apparent to callousness and uncaring items.

CONCLUSIONS

Callousness might be the key feature of CU traits in youths. Our findings further advance the general understanding about the core features of CU traits in clinical practice.