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Costa R, Fávero M, Moreira D, Del Campo A, Sousa-Gomes V. Dark Tetrad, Acceptance of Sexual Violence, and Sexism. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Dark Tetrad is a cluster of four “dark” personality traits which are socially aversive, with distinct conceptual roots, but which are intercorrelated: narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and sadism. Narcissism is associated with inflated self-esteem and feelings of grandiosity; psychopathy involves reduced empathy and a lack of remorse or guilt; Machiavellianism is characterized by a tendency for manipulation for own personal benefit; sadism involves feelings of pleasure with the pain or suffering of others. Sexism is the group of beliefs linked with the perceived superiority of men over women. Previous studies have found relationships between the Dark Tetrad and the tolerance of the use of sexual violence and between the former and sexism. Furthermore, sexism has been linked with the acceptance of sexual violence. This study aims to revise the literature exploring the link between each of the components of the Dark Tetrad and the legitimation of the use of sexual violence; it also aims to present the associations that have been found between the aforementioned variables and sexism and related concepts, in multiple studies. Based on the previous literature, suggestions for aims of future research in this field (i.e., Dark Tetrad, sexual violence, sexism) are made, more specifically exploring the relative effect of each of the components of the Dark Tetrad in the explanation of the legitimation of sexual violence, as well as exploring a possible, at least partial, mediation of sexism in the link between each of the “dark” traits and the acceptance of sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Costa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Maia, Portugal
| | - Marisalva Fávero
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Maia, Portugal
- Research Centre for Justice and Governance of the of the Law School, University of Minho (JusGov/UM), Portugal
| | - Diana Moreira
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Faculty, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Psychology and Neuropsychology of Porto – IPNP Health, Portugal
- Centro de Solidariedade de Braga/Projecto Homem, Portugal
| | - Amaia Del Campo
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Valéria Sousa-Gomes
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Maia, Portugal
- Research Centre for Justice and Governance of the of the Law School, University of Minho (JusGov/UM), Portugal
- Institute of Psychology and Neuropsychology of Porto – IPNP Health, Portugal
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Hughes S, Adhikari J, Goulding K. Darker deals? Male dark tetrad preferences for female sex worker services. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07389. [PMID: 34278016 PMCID: PMC8264107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored links between male Dark Tetrad personality traits (psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism, sadism) and preferences for using outdoor and indoor female sex worker services. We also investigated the mediating effects of perceiving sex workers as deviant and as victims. Heterosexual males (N = 347) were recruited to take part in an online survey investigating personality and attitudes towards female sex workers. Path analyses revealed that psychopathy and sadism positively predicted preferences for outdoor but not indoor female sex services. Sex worker choice mediated positive links between narcissism and outdoor female sex worker preferences. Compared to indoor, outdoor sex services are associated with increased aggression and violence. Our findings highlight the importance of considering narcissism and particularly psychopathy and sadism when investigating individual male preferences for outdoor sex services that are being offered by particularly vulnerable women.
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