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Saladino V, Mosca O, Cabras C, Verrastro V, Lauriola M. Family religiosity and climate: the protective role of personal interiorized religiosity in deviance propensity among justice-involved juveniles. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1197975. [PMID: 38741759 PMCID: PMC11090201 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1197975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the literature, religious commitment could be a protective factor against dangerous behaviors, such as criminal offending, unsafe sex, and substance use. Our study aims to investigate the influence of Family Religiosity and climate on anger dysregulation and deviance propensity in a sample of 214 justice-involved boys from Italian Youth Detention Centers (range 14-25). The sample was divided into religious (n = 102) and non-religious (n = 112) justice-involved juveniles. Participants filled in the following questionnaires: Deviant Behavior Questionnaire, Aggression Questionnaire, Family Communication Scale, Moral Disengagement Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. We used a partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS_SEM) method to build our model and we found that Family Religiosity was positively associated with Family Climate which was negatively associated with Anger Dysregulation and Deviance Propensity, and Anger Dysregulation was positively related to Deviance Propensity. The multigroup analysis confirmed that for justice-involved juveniles who interiorized religious discipline and beliefs, Family Religiosity showed a positive association with Family Climate, which had a negative relationship with Anger Dysregulation, which strongly predicted Deviance Propensity. This result could be useful to promote new development goals and preventive activities and interventions based on positive religiosity values in juveniles' behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Saladino
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Oriana Mosca
- Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Cabras
- Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Verrastro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Lauriola
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
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Aslan R, Aydoğdu M, Akgür SA. Toxicological evaluation of alcohol and substance abuse in children and adolescents. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024; 23:272-286. [PMID: 35904897 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2089424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy behaviors such as use of alcohol and drug usually begin during adolescence. Izmir is on transit route for illicit substance due to geographical situation. Children and adolescents are the most important threatened group in terms of alcohol and substance abuse. In this study, it was aimed to investigate alcohol and substance use profile of children and adolescents in Izmir/Turkey with the toxicological analysis results obtained from Addiction Toxicology Laboratory.Urine and blood samples of 4524 cases at and under the age of 18 years coming from various departments to the laboratory in 2015-2016 were analyzed by enzymatic immunoassay. Information and analysis results of the cases were obtained by retrospective analysis of the hospital system.83,3% of the cases were male and the mean age was 16,69 ± 1,63. Alcohol and/or substance use was determined in 13,2% of the cases. Among the cases with positive results of analysis, cannabis (33%) was mostly detected and was followed by amphetamine type stimulants (ATS, 15%), polysubstance use (15%) and alcohol (13%). While cannabis, polysubstance use and ATS were the most common in male, ethyl alcohol, ATS and benzodiazepine were mostly detected in female. There was a significant increase in the substance use rate in 2016 compared to the previous year.A substance use profile was obtained through drug testing in adolescents who are in the risk group for substance use. In this context, our data will be indicative for the development of new and more effective preventive strategies targeting children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Aslan
- Ege University Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melike Aydoğdu
- Ege University Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Annette Akgür
- Ege University Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science, Izmir, Turkey
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Zhen-Duan J, Banks DE, Ferreira C, Zhang L, Valentino K, Alegría M. Mexican-origin parent and child reported neighborhood factors and youth substance use. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1241002. [PMID: 38107000 PMCID: PMC10722282 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1241002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Structural oppression affects health behaviors through residence in suboptimal neighborhoods and exposure to community violence. Youth and parents report perceptions of neighborhood factors that can affect youth substance use behaviors. Given that Latinx youth report higher levels of perceived community violence than other racial and ethnic groups, it is imperative to examine how youth- and parent-perceived neighborhood-level factors may relate to youth substance use. Methods Data were collected using clinical interviews with family triads (fathers, mothers, and youth) and parent-child dyads (father or mother and youth) enrolled in the Seguimos Avanzando study of 344 Mexican-origin families in Indiana. Neighborhood measures, including perceptions of exposure to violence, neighborhood characteristics, and neighborhood collective efficacy, were included in parent and youth surveys. Self-report measures for past year alcohol and drug use were included in the youth survey only. T-tests were conducted to estimate differences in neighborhood reports among the sample triads. A series of linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between youth-, mother-, and father-reported perceptions of neighborhood factors and youth substance use. Results Preliminary results indicate that fathers reported higher levels of exposure to violence than mothers [t(163) = 2.33, p = 0.02] and youth [t(173) = 3.61, p < 0.001]. Youth reported lower negative neighborhood characteristics than mothers [t(329) = 6.43, p < 0.001] and fathers [t(169) = 3.73, p < 0.001]. Youth reported significantly better neighborhood collective efficacy than mothers [t(296) = 3.14, p = 0.002], but not statistically different from fathers. Results from the primary analysis showed that youth exposure to violence was positively associated with youth substance use (b = 0.24, SE = 0.06, p < 0.0001), but the youth's neighborhood characteristics and collective efficacy were not significantly associated with youth substance use. None of the parent-reported neighborhood variables were associated with youth substance use. Conclusion The discrepant findings between parent and youth reports of perceived neighborhood characteristics and substance use have important implications for researchers and community stakeholders, and for developing targeted interventions and prevention strategies. Our study highlights the need to address youth experience of community violence and to prioritize creating safe and inclusive neighborhood environments. Potential strategies include improving community resources, strengthening social support networks, promoting open communication about neighborhood risks, and fostering collaborative efforts to address substance use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zhen-Duan
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Devin E. Banks
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Caroline Ferreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kristin Valentino
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MO, United States
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Kara H, Karakaya D, Çoban ÖG. "His heart is hardening, but his BRAIN is softening": Life experiences of adolescents using psychoactive substances: A qualitative study. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e302-e310. [PMID: 37806857 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the research was to portray the life experiences of adolescents using psychoactive substances with regard to their substance use. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was carried out in a descriptive phenomenological design, which is a qualitative research method. A purposeful sampling method, was used. The sample consisted of 15 adolescents who were treated for a history of substance use. The data were collected by the face-to-face individual interview method. A personal information form and a semi-structured interview form were used to collect data. The content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman was used in the analysis of the data. Data were analyzed using the N-VIVO-10 Pro-package program. RESULTS Four main themes and thirteen sub-themes were determined: experiences before substance use (sub-themes: life before substance use, predisposing factors for substance use), experiences during substance use (sub-themes: symptoms of addiction, problems caused by substance use, family attitude to substance use, the meaning attached to substances) and experiences of the treatment process (sub-themes: motivation, difficulties experienced during treatment, the need for support, treatment results), prevention recommendations (sub-themes: for peers, for families, for society). CONCLUSIONS Many individual, family and social risk factors had an effect on the adolescents starting to use the substances. They were exposed to negative physical, mental, economic, social and life experiences. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses working with adolescents who use substances can implement nursing interventions such as prevention activities, counselling, health education, coping and strengthening self-esteem in individual and school based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Kara
- Ministry of Health Korkuteli Public Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dudu Karakaya
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Akdeniz University Faculty of Nursing, Turkey.
| | - Özge Gizli Çoban
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Fridh M, Rosvall M, Lindström M. Mental distress in relation to police reporting among adolescent victims of robbery. A population-based study in southern Sweden. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101483. [PMID: 37588765 PMCID: PMC10425401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
•Robberies as well as mental distress have increased among adolescents in Sweden.•This study on school students in southern Sweden was population-based with a high response rate.•Half of the robbed adolescents abstained from police reporting.•Non-reporters had poorer mental health than victims who reported the robbery.•Non-reporters were also an overall more disadvantaged group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fridh
- Social Medicine and Health Policy, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, CRC, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosvall
- Social Medicine and Health Policy, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, CRC, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Socialmedicinskt centrum, Regionhälsan, Västra Götalandsregionen, Sweden
| | - Martin Lindström
- Social Medicine and Health Policy, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, CRC, Jan Waldenströmsgata 35, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Region Skåne and Lund University, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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Akosile W, Tiyatiye B, Bor W. Let's build youth treatment centres rather than detention centres. Australas Psychiatry 2023; 31:557. [PMID: 37204930 PMCID: PMC10466934 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231177145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Li SD, Xie L, Wu K, Lu J, Kang M, Shen H. The Changing Patterns and Correlates of Adolescent Substance Use in China's Special Administrative Region of Macau. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137988. [PMID: 35805651 PMCID: PMC9266093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Most of the research on adolescent substance use is from either the U.S, Europe, or other non-Eastern countries, but very little attention is paid to that in the Greater China Region. As a special administrative region of China, Macau is known for its gambling industry, its proximity to the Golden Triangle, and its lenient drug laws, all of which can be conducive to high-level drug use in the population, including its adolescents. Yet, the extent and patterns of adolescent substance use in Macau are not well understood. Using the data collected from two large representative samples of secondary school students in 2014 and 2018, this study provided population-based estimates of the prevalence rates of lifetime and past 30-day substance use among Macau adolescents in the two separate survey years. By comparing the two sets of estimates, it established the patterns of changes in cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and illicit drug use among adolescents in Macau during the period. Additionally, through the analysis of the data in the latest year, it identified risk factors for adolescent substance use in the special administrative region. Among the key results, the rates of cigarette smoking and illicit drug use were low to moderate while the rates of alcohol use were relatively high; cigarette smoking decreased during the period, but alcohol use and illicit drug use remained stable; Macau adolescents shared similar risk factors for substance use with adolescents elsewhere, but unique circumstances might exist to influence their alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiaqi Lu
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +853-6324-0296
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