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Vaporova E, Zmyj N. Children's suggestibility for neutral arbitrary actions in the context of norm violations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286241. [PMID: 37228049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated children's false memories for neutral arbitrary actions. Five- to six-year-olds (N = 32) were taught four arbitrary actions, each following specific rules. The children then watched a televised adult performing eight actions: the four familiar actions while violating one aspect of each rule script and four unfamiliar actions. Suggestive and non-suggestive questions about all witnessed actions were asked, followed by forced-choice test questions to measure the false memory effect. The likelihood of forming false memories was higher in the suggestive condition than in the non-suggestive condition. There was no effect of previously acquired knowledge about the rules of the actions and no interaction between rule knowledge and suggestion. The results are discussed in light of previous findings in related fields of false memory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vaporova
- Educational Sciences and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Norbert Zmyj
- Educational Sciences and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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Mirandola C, Lanciano T, Battista F, Otgaar H, Curci A. Psychopathic personality traits are linked to reduced false memories for negative events. Br J Psychol 2023; 114:176-193. [PMID: 36302691 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Individuals scoring high on psychopathic personality traits process emotional material to a different extent than individuals with few psychopathic traits. Evidence exists that these individuals have impaired emotional memory. The question arises whether this emotional memory impairment has ramifications for the production of emotional false memories. In the present study, we investigated the production of false and true memories for emotional events in a community sample (N = 120) of individuals varying in psychopathic traits (evaluated with the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised [PPI-R] questionnaire). The fearless dominance (FD) component of psychopathy interacted with the emotional impact of to-be-remembered events in the production of false memories, showing fewer negative false memories with increasing levels of FD. At the subjective level, negative false memories were not perceived as vivid memory experiences in high FD individuals. Concerning true memories, higher scores in cold-heartedness were related to fewer true memories for neutral and negative (but not positive) events. These results show that individuals with high psychopathy traits - in particular, FD - do not have a general emotional memory impairment but they process negative material in a different way than individuals with low psychopathic traits and thus are less susceptible to producing false memories for negative events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mirandola
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lanciano
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabiana Battista
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Leuvens Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henry Otgaar
- Leuvens Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonietta Curci
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Zhang B. Construction of Psychological Adjustment Function Model of Music Education Based on Emotional Tendency Analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023; 25:655-671. [DOI: 10.32604/ijmhp.2023.025913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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