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Xiang K, Liu J, Chen X, Zhang A. Research on the evolution and improvement of China’s shadow education governance policy from the perspective of multiple streams theory. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1013243. [PMID: 36993900 PMCID: PMC10042137 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1013243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
From a global perspective, after-school tutoring education, also known as shadow education, has developed rapidly since the beginning of this century. However, shadow education has also brought many practical problems, such as the increased burden on parents and children, and the unfairness in education. At present, the Chinese government is vigorously implementing the double reduction policy and has achieved remarkable practical results. This study focuses on the evolution of the government policy of shadow education in China. First, it analyzed the four stages of shadow education governance policy experience: the acquiescent survival stage, the encouraging development stage, the preliminary regulation stage, and the comprehensive rectification stage. Python was used for text mining the policies from different periods and analyzing the focus of the policies in different stages by obtaining high-frequency vocabulary. Then, the multiple streams theory was used to explore the policy evolution process and change mechanism. Finally, relevant recommendations have been discussed to address the gaps in the current shadow education governance policies. The study found that the objectives, scope of adjustment, and protection of rights and interests of China’s shadow education governance policies have undergone significant changes over time. Through the constant interaction and interweaving of the stream of problems, the stream of politics, and the stream of policy, the window of opportunity for policy change was jointly promoted. The innovations of this article mainly include the following: First, the evolution of China’s shadow education governance policies was systematically reviewed using text mining methods to compare the differences of governance policies at different stages and second, multiple streams theory was used as the theoretical framework to analyze the reasons for the focus of shadow education governance policy changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemi Xiang
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsi Liu
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Institute of Education Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xinzhong Chen,
| | - Anlu Zhang
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Anlu Zhang,
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Khuram S, Ahmed H, Ali S. The impact of entrepreneurial education on the propensity of business students to support new ventures: A moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1046293. [PMID: 36483700 PMCID: PMC9723218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1046293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the role of financial self-efficacy in mediating the relationship between entrepreneurial education and venture capital intention, as well as the moderating influence of government support on the relationship between financial self-efficacy and venture capital intention. The target population consists of Lahore students from public and private universities who have already studied entrepreneurship. Based on the 250 responses to the online survey the findings show the mediating role of financial self-efficacy between entrepreneurial education and intention toward venture capital. Moreover, it also indicates the moderated effect of government support on the relationship between financial self-efficacy and intention toward venture capital. This study will not only help the curriculum committees in business schools to design entrepreneurial education outlines that enable the students to explore the different financing modes by including financial knowledge to cope with financial challenges but also to the government officials in devising financing plans accompanied by their expertise in the development of a business.
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