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Alqahtani AS, Algabbani MF, Alhammad SA, Alwadeai KS, Alhusaini A. Physical activity status and its association with quality of life among children with down syndrome in Saudi Arabia: A comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297111. [PMID: 38346033 PMCID: PMC10861077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes physical and cognitive challenges. Identifying the impact of sedentary behavior and physical activity on people with Down syndrome is crucial for early intervention. The purpose of this study is to compare physical activity and sedentary behavior among children with Down syndrome and typically developing children, as well as assess their relationship with quality of life. METHODS In the cross-sectional study, 67 children between the ages of 6 and 12 were enrolled: 29 in the Down syndrome group and 38 in the typically developing group. Each child wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT for seven days. Accelerometer data and quality of life data were analysed. RESULTS Physical activity and sedentary behavior were not significantly different between the Down syndrome and typically developing groups (p ˃ .05). With large effect sizes (partial eta squares ranging from 0.21 to 0.59), typically developing children had a significantly better quality of life than children with Down syndrome. There was a weak positive correlation between moderate physical activity and school performance in children with Down syndrome. For typically developing children, there is a weak negative correlation between light physical activity and physical function, school function, and total paediatric quality of life scale scores. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that children with Down syndrome have participated in more physical activities, resulting in a reduction in differences between them and typically developing children. Additionally, typically developing had higher quality of life than children with Down syndrome. For healthcare professionals and educators, these findings provide valuable insights into developing strategies to enhance physical activity for children with developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani S. Alqahtani
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F. Algabbani
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A. Alhammad
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alwadeai
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alhusaini
- Department of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Xia Y, Wang G, Xiao L, Du Y, Lin S, Nan C, Weng S. Effects of Early Adverse Life Events on Depression and Cognitive Performance from the Perspective of the Heart-Brain Axis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1174. [PMID: 37626530 PMCID: PMC10452582 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Early adverse life events (EALs) increase susceptibility to depression and impair cognitive performance, but the physiological mechanisms are still unclear. The target of this article is to clarify the impact of adverse childhood experiences on emotional and cognitive performance from the perspective of the heart-brain axis. We used the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) to test cognitive function and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to assess adverse childhood experiences. Heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalograms (EEG) were acquired at rest. We observed that subjects with depression had experienced more traumatic events during their childhood. Furthermore, they exhibited lower heart rate variability and higher power in the delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands. Moreover, heart rate variability partially mediated the association between childhood trauma exposure and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggested that adverse life events in childhood could influence the development of depression in adulthood, which might be linked to cardiac autonomic dysfunction and altered brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.X.)
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.X.)
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan 430060, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China Donghu Road No. 115, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.X.)
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yiwei Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.X.)
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.X.)
| | - Cai Nan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.X.)
| | - Shenhong Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Rd., Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.X.)
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Li H, Zhang Y. Effects of Physical Activity and Circadian Rhythm on SCL-90 Scores by Factors among College Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:606. [PMID: 37504053 PMCID: PMC10376651 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of physical activity and circadian rhythm differences on the nine factors of obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoia, and psychoticism on the SCL-90 scale. METHODS A questionnaire and mathematical and statistical methods were used to conduct the study. Data were collected through a web-based cross-sectional survey of college students from three universities in Anhui. A statistical analysis of the collected data was conducted using mathematical and statistical methods. RESULTS A total of 1248 students were included in the statistics of this study. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that low physical activity levels were associated with somatization (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.95-1.94), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.25-2.75), interpersonal sensitivity (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.30-2.88), depression (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.31-3.16), anxiety (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.03-2.69), hostility (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.12-2.89), phobia (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.20-2.94), and paranoia (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.43-3.46). Circadian rhythm differences were associated with somatization (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.87-0.96), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 0.93, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.89-0.98), interpersonal sensitivity (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.94), depression (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87-0.97), anxiety (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83-0.95), hostility (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86-0.97), phobia (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.82-0.93), and paranoia (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.85-0.95) were all negatively associated. In addition, gender was associated with somatization and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57-0.98), depression (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87-0.97), and paranoia (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.40-0.76). CONCLUSIONS Low-intensity physical activity was more likely to be associated with somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, relationship sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, and paranoia than high-intensity and moderate-intensity physical activity, and circadian rhythm differences showed that people who slept later (known as nocturnal) were more likely to have these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Ren C, Wang C, Zhang M. The antidepressant effect of physical exercise: Evidence from China Family Panel Studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274321. [PMID: 36201480 PMCID: PMC9536592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have proved that participating in sports can effectively reduce adults’ depression. This paper provides evidence from China by using the survey data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), which contains sport-types, personal characteristics, and CES-D20 depression-scale score data of 33,236 individuals. In addition to the Ordinary Least Squares regression model, we adopt the Two-way Fixed Effect and Propensity Score Matching method to alleviate the endogeneity. The empirical result shows that for every additional time of physical exercise, the depression level drops by an average of 0.152; the depression level of people who participate in sports is significantly lower than that of non-participants by 0.397 points. The lowering effect of physical activity on depression is not linear, and excessive exercise may lead to increased depression. Furthermore, heterogeneity analyses discover that with the increase of age and education, the impact continued to expand. For every increase in physical exercise of the group over 76-year old, the depression level decreased by 0.373 points; while for individuals with primary school education, their depression level decreased only by 0.124 points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Ren
- Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Business, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Business, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Castillo-Paredes A, Iglésias B, Farías-Valenzuela C, Kovalskys I, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Cortés LY, García MCY, Pareja RG, Herrera-Cuenca M, Fisberg M, Drenowatz C, Ferrero-Hernández P, Ferrari G. Perceived Neighborhood Safety and Active Transportation in Adults from Eight Latin American Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12811. [PMID: 36232117 PMCID: PMC9566435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood built environment is associated with domain-specific physical activity. However, few studies with representative samples have examined the association between perceived neighborhood safety indicators and domain-specific active transportation in Latin America. This study aimed to examine the associations of perceived neighborhood safety with domain-specific active transportation in adults from eight Latin American countries. Data were obtained from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (n = 8547, aged 18-65). Active transportation (walking and cycling) was assessed using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Specifically, traffic density and speed as well as street lightening, visibility of residents regarding pedestrians and bicyclists, traffic lights and crosswalks, safety of public spaces during the day and at night, crime rate during the day and at night were used to evaluate perceived neighborhood safety. Slow traffic speeds, unsafe public spaces during the day, and crime during the day were associated with ≥10 min/week vs. <10 min/week of walking. Furthermore, drivers exceeding the speed limit and crime rate during the day were associated with reporting ≥10 min/week vs. <10 min/week of cycling. These results indicate a stronger association of the perceived neighborhood safety with walking compared to cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 8370040, Chile
| | - Beatriz Iglésias
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudio Farías-Valenzuela
- Sciences of Physical Activity, Sports and Health School, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107, Argentina
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Lilia Yadira Cortés
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas 1053, Venezuela
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Centro de Excelencia em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentaes (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo 01228-200, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-061, Brazil
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Gerson Ferrari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Santiago 7500912, Chile
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The Effects of Tai Chi on the Executive Functions and Physical Fitness in Middle-Aged Adults with Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1589106. [PMID: 36147650 PMCID: PMC9489347 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1589106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study examined the effects of Tai Chi exercise on the executive functions (EFs) and physical fitness of middle-aged adults with depression. Methods A total of 39 middle-aged adults with depression (Mage = 50.59, SD = 7.38) were randomly assigned to the Tai Chi group (n = 20) or the waiting-list control group (n = 19). The Tai Chi group engaged in two 90 min sessions of Tai Chi exercise per week for 12 weeks; the waiting-list control group was asked to maintain their usual daily routines for 12 weeks. Depression symptoms, EFs (i.e., inhibitory control, planning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), and physical fitness (i.e., cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, power, and flexibility) were evaluated at the baseline (pretest), 6-week (mid-test), and 12-week (post-test) marks. Results Both groups showed decreased depression symptoms over time. Compared with the control group, the Tai Chi group showed decreased reaction times for incongruent conditions in the Stroop test from pretest to mid- and post-test, and shorter reaction time for incongruent conditions in the Stroop test than the control group at post-test; the Tai Chi group performed significantly better than the control group in overall total move score of Tower of London (TOL). The Tai Chi group also showed increased total correct scores of TOL from pretest to mid- and post-test, and greater total correct scores of TOL than the control group at post-test. Additionally, results indicated that Tai Chi exercise comprehensively improved physical fitness from pretest to mid- and post-test. Greater performance in terms of cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, and power was also found in the Tai Chi group at post-test than in the control group. Conclusions These findings suggest that the 12-week Tai Chi exercise improved inhibitory control, planning and working memory aspects of executive functions, and physical fitness in middle-aged adults with depression.
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