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Pu J, Zhang Y, Zhong D, Chen Q. Detection and genetic characterization of circulating canine parvovirus from stray dogs in Shanghai, China. Virology 2024; 595:110041. [PMID: 38555807 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the main cause of viral diarrhea in dogs. CPV became a global disease in 1978 and was endemic all over the world. CPV-2 was the first strain to be identified, but with genetic mutations, new genotypes such as CPV-2a/2b/2c/new-2a/new-2b have emerged. In this study, 128 fecal samples of stray dogs suspected of CPV-2 infection were collected from January to March 2021 in Shanghai, China. All samples were screened by PCR and further analyzed by VP2 gene. The positive rate of CPV-2 was 9.4% (12/128), of which 6 CPV-2 isolates were successfully isolated. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 4 isolates were CPV-2c genotype and 2 were new-CPV-2b genotype. VP-2 is a key protein that determines the antigenic properties, host range and receptor binding of cpv-2. The results of VP2 amino acid sequence analysis in this study showed that the CPV-2c isolated strain was the same as the previous strains reported in China, including F267Y, Y324I, Q370R and A5G mutations in addition to the typical N426E mutations. Similarly, in addition to the conventional N426D, S297A, F267Y and Y324I mutations, the new CPV-2b isolate also had a new mutation of T440A. This study further confirmed the prevalence of CPV-2c and new-CPV-2b in Shanghai, and also found a new mutation site of new-CPV-2c, which provided a theoretical basis for further enriching the epidemiological data of CPV-2 in Shanghai, as well as the development of vaccines and the prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Pu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; SNLG Precision Medtech (Shanghai) Ltd, Shanghai, 201100, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Dengke Zhong
- Shanghai Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, 201600, PR China.
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Su X, Zhou H, Han Z, Xu F, Xiao B, Zhang J, Qi Q, Lin L, Zhang H, Li S, Yang B. Transcriptional Differential Analysis of Nitazoxanide-Mediated Anticanine Parvovirus Effect in F81 Cells. Viruses 2024; 16:282. [PMID: 38400057 PMCID: PMC10892128 DOI: 10.3390/v16020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that can cause typical hemorrhagic enteritis, and it is one of the common canine lethal viruses. In previous studies, we screened the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s drug library and identified nitazoxanide (NTZ), which has anti-CPV capabilities. To investigate the potential antiviral mechanisms, we first reconfirmed the inhibitory effect of NTZ on the CPV by inoculating with different doses and treating for different lengths of time. Then, the differences in the transcription levels between the 0.1%-DMSO-treated virus group and the NTZ-treated virus group were detected using RNA-seq, and a total of 758 differential expression genes (DEGs) were finally identified. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the DEGs revealed that these genes are involved in a variety of biological processes and/or signaling pathways, such as cell cycle, mitosis and cell proliferation and differentiation. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis further identified hub genes associated with cell cycle and division among the DEGs. In addition, the expression levels of some of the enriched genes were detected, which were consistent with the high-throughput sequencing results. Moreover, when the cell cycle was regulated with cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor MK-8776 or Prexasertib HCl, both inhibitors inhibited the CPV. In summary, the transcriptome differential analysis results presented in this paper lay the foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism and potential targets of NTZ anti-CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongzhuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ziwei Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fuzhou Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Qi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Lulu Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Songping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
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Su X, Zhou H, Xu F, Zhang J, Xiao B, Qi Q, Lin L, Yang B. Chaperonin TRiC/CCT subunit CCT7 is involved in the replication of canine parvovirus in F81 cells. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1346894. [PMID: 38384266 PMCID: PMC10879588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1346894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most common lethal viruses in canines. The virus disease is prevalent throughout the year, with high morbidity and mortality rate, causing serious harm to dogs and the dog industry. Previously, yeast two hybrid method was used to screen the protein chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT7) that interacts with VP2. However, the mechanism of interactions between CCT7 and VP2 on CPV replication remains unclear. In this study, we first verified the interaction between CCT7 and viral VP2 proteins using yeast one-to-one experiment and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) experiment. Laser confocal microscopy observation showed that CCT7 and VP2 were able to co-localize and were mostly localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, the study of VP2 truncated mutant found that the interaction region of VP2 with CCT7 was located between amino acids 231 and 320. Cycloheximide (CHX) chase experiments showed that CCT7 can improve the stability of VP2 protein. After further regulation of CCT7 expression in F81 cells, it was found that the expression level of VP2 protein was significantly reduced after knocking down CCT7 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) or HSF1A inhibitor, and increased after overexpressing host CCT7. The study reveals the role of VP2 interacting protein CCT7 in the replication process of CPV, which could provide a potential target for the prevention and control of CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhao Y, Wang P, Qu X, Yuan K, Zhu S, Wang S, Luan Q, Zhou H, Yin Y, Zhao Z, Gao Y, Chen S, Lu Y, Wang J, Yin Y. Investigation of circulating infectious agents in experimental Beagle dogs of a production colony and three research facilities in China from June 2021 to May 2022. Lab Anim 2024; 58:52-64. [PMID: 37702462 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231188172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
To understand the epizootiologic characteristics of pathogens and opportunistic infections in one Beagle dog production colony and three research facilities, viruses and mycoplasma were detected in 1777 samples collected from Beagle dogs in China by polymerase chain reaction/reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and bacteria were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. In addition, genotyping of the major circulating viruses was carried out by amplification of gene fragments and homology analysis. Canine coronavirus (CCoV), Escherichia coli, canine parvovirus (CPV), Bordetella bronchiseptica, Clostridium perfringens, Mycoplasma cynos, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus canis, canine astrovirus (CaAstV), canine kobuvirus (CaKV), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Macrococcus canis, Pasteurella canis, canine bocavirus (CBoV) and canine adenovirus (CAdV) were detected in the samples. Single, double, triple and quadruple infections accounted for 6.6%, 1.4%, 1.2% and 0.96% of samples, respectively. CCoV strains in 81 samples included three genotypes, CCoV-I, CCoV-IIa and CCoV-IIb, by analysis of S gene. The rate of single infection of CCoV-I, CCoV-IIa or CCoV-IIb was 19%, 38% or 7.4% respectively. The double and triple infection rates of CCoV were 32.8% and 2.5% respectively. All CPV strains in 36 samples belonged to CPV-2c. There were three amino acid differences in the Fiber protein of CAdV-positive sample QD2022, compared with the reference strain Toronto A26/61 and the vaccine strain YCA-18. These results suggest that CCoV and CPV are primary infectious agents, and that these two viruses were often identified in mixed infections, or coinfections alongside mycoplasma or other bacteria. These results will provide the basis for improvements in prevention and control of naturally occurring infectious diseases in Beagle dog production colonies and research facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Panlong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Xueting Qu
- Qingdao Bolong Experimental Animal Co., Ltd., China
| | - Kunpeng Yuan
- Qingdao Bolong Experimental Animal Co., Ltd., China
| | - Suzhen Zhu
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Qingdao Orange Pet Hospital, China
| | | | - Hao Zhou
- Qingdao Bolong Experimental Animal Co., Ltd., China
| | - Yue Yin
- Qingdao Bolong Experimental Animal Co., Ltd., China
| | - Zijing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Yongjuan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Yanjing Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Yanbo Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
- Qingdao Bolong Experimental Animal Co., Ltd., China
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Pan S, Jiao R, Xu X, Ji J, Guo G, Yao L, Kan Y, Xie Q, Bi Y. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of parvoviruses prevalent in cats in Central and Eastern China from 2018 to 2022. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1218810. [PMID: 37601752 PMCID: PMC10434225 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1218810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cats are a potential source of genetic diversity for parvoviruses. Herein, 134 samples were collected from cats with clinical gastroenteritis and analyzed for the presence of viral DNA via polymerase chain reaction, which revealed 48 positive samples. Identity analysis of VP2 nucleotide sequences indicated that these 48 strains, belonging to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2; including new CPV-2a and CPV-2c genotypes), shared 94.59-99.94% nucleotide identity with the reference strains. The FPV strain F8 (isolated from Vietnam) appeared to be a recombinant of strains HB2003 and JS1901, whereas the Chinese CPV-2b strain BM-(11) isolated in 2011 was believed to be a recombinant of strains AH2008 and JS1901. In phylogenetic tree analysis based on VP2 nucleotide sequences, all obtained FPV strains and most reference FPV strains were clustered together, except strain BJ-22, which originated from monkeys. Further, two new CPV-2a strains (AH2005 and AH2008) were close to the newly reported Chinese CPV-2a strains but were distant from the other CPV-2a strains, namely CPV-339 (from the United States) and K022 (from South Korea). Additionally, the FPV and CPV-2 strains had high mutation rates in the antigenic regions of the VP2 protein. According to model prediction of the CPV-VP2 protein, these mutations may cause changes in the tertiary structure of VP2. The findings of this study can be used to improve the pre-evaluation of vaccination efficacy against diseases caused by FPV and CPV-2 in domestic cats and understand their genotypic transmission and mutation trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Pan
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Ruiqi Jiao
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Ge Guo
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang CQ, Wan Y, Shi ZW, Luo JC, Li HY, Li SS, Li YZ, Dai XY, Bai X, Tian H, Zheng HX. Colloidal gold and fluorescent immunochromatographic test strips for canine parvovirus detection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12604-2. [PMID: 37314455 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an acute and highly infectious virus causing disease in puppies and, thus, affecting the global dog industry. The current CPV detection methods are limited by their sensitivity and specificity. Hence, the current study sought to develop a rapid, sensitive, simple, and accurate immunochromatographic (ICS) test to detect and control the spread and prevalence of CPV infection. More specifically, 6A8, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) with high specificity and sensitivity, was obtained by preliminary screening. The 6A8 antibody was labelled with colloidal gold particles. Subsequently, 6A8 and goat anti-mouse antibodies were coated onto a nitrocellulose membrane (NC) as the test and control lines, respectively. Furthermore, 6A8 and rabbit IgG antibodies were labelled with fluorescent microspheres and evenly sprayed onto a glass fibre membrane. Both strips could be prepared in 15 min with no noticeable cross-reactivity with other common canine intestinal pathogens. The strips were simultaneously used to detect CPV in 60 clinical samples using real-time quantitative PCR, hemagglutination, and hemagglutination inhibition assays. The colloidal gold (fluorescent) ICS test strip was stable for 6 (7) and 4 (5) months at 4 °C and room temperature (18-25 °C). Both test strips were easy to prepare and rapidly detected CPV with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the results were easily interpretable. This study establishes a simple method for two CPV diseases, colloidal gold and fluorescent immunochromatographic (ICS) test strips. KEY POINTS: • CPV test strips do not exhibit cross-reactivity with other canine intestinal pathogens. • The strips are stable for months at 4 °C and at room temperature (18-25 °C). • These strips are a promising approach for the timely diagnosis and treatment of CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Ying Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zheng-Wang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jun-Cong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Yun-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Xin-Yu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China.
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Faraji R, Mostafavi B, Sadeghi M, Decaro N, Vasinioti V, Desario C, Miraei-Ashtiani SR, Mozhgani SH. Genomic characterization and Phylogenetic evolution of the canine parvoviruses in Iranian dogs, a nationwide study: CPV evolutionary analysis in Iran. Acta Trop 2023:106948. [PMID: 37224989 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Canine Parvo Virus 2(CPV-2) culminated in lots of fatalities in domestic dogs since its emergence in 1978. Mainly, it is responsible for severe hemorrhagic diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. CPV-2 has three main variants known 2a, 2b, and 2c. Due to the necessity of monitoring the evolutionary parameters of the virus, and also the lack of comprehensive study of CPV2 in Iran, this study is done for the first time in this country not only to characterize Iranian CPV genomes but also to study the evolutionary parameters and phylodynamics of CPV. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. By the use of the Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain (BMCMC) method, evolutionary analysis and phylodynamics of the virus were investigated. Phylogenetic results showed that all Iranian isolates were classified in the CPV-2a variant. The central part of Iran was suggested to be the origin of the virus, especially the Alborz province. Before its prevalence throughout the country, the virus circulated in the central part, in Thran, Karaj, and Qom. Mutational analysis showed a positive selection pressure of CPV-2a. Investigating the evolutionary parameters of the virus proposed 1970 to be the date of birth of the virus, with a 95% credible interval between 1953 and 1987. The effective number of infections increased dramatically from 2012 to 2015, then faced a slightly decreasing trend from 2015 to 2019. A considerable up warding pattern was witnessed from the middle of 2019, which can be taken as a concern about the risk of vaccination failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Faraji
- Department of Animal Science, College of agriculture & natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behnam Mostafavi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, College of agriculture & natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | | | | | - Seyed Reza Miraei-Ashtiani
- Department of Animal Science, College of agriculture & natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.; Non‑Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran..
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Fu P, He D, Cheng X, Niu X, Wang C, Fu Y, Li K, Zhu H, Lu W, Wang J, Chu B. Prevalence and Characteristics of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 in Henan Province, China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0185622. [PMID: 36377944 PMCID: PMC9769957 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01856-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the epidemic profile and genetic diversity of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a total of 111 clinical samples collected from dogs suspected of CPV-2 infection in 10 cities of Henan province of China during 2020 to 2021 were screened by PCR. The results showed a CPV-2-positive rate of 88.29% (98/111). Nearly full-length genomes of 98 CPV-2 strains were sequenced and analyzed. CPV-2c strains (91.84%, 90/98) were significantly higher than that of new CPV-2a strains (8.16%, 8/98) in Henan province without detecting other CPV genotypes, indicating that CPV-2c has become the dominant genotype in Henan province. A phylogenetic analysis of NS1 and VP2 amino acids grouped the strains in this study with Asian strains, which clustered into an identical branch. Based on the CPV-2 VP2 sequences in this study and available in the NCBI database, the adaptation analyses showed that 17 positive selection sites and 10 parallel evolution sites were identified in the VP2 protein of CPV-2, of which three sites (sites 5, 370, and 426) were both under positive selection pressure and parallel evolution. Interestingly, two amino acid mutations (A5G and Q370R) were also observed in the VP2 proteins of 82 CPV-2c strains in this study, which differed from the earlier CPV-2c strain (GU380303) in China. In addition, a unique mutation (I447M) was observed in the VP2 protein of five CPV-2c strains, which was first reported in China. This study provides powerful insight to further our understanding of the epidemic status and evolution of CPV-2 in China. IMPORTANCE CPV-2 was the original virus strain identified in dogs, which cause an acute and lethal disease in dogs. Subsequently, the original CPV-2 was replaced throughout the world by novel antigenic variants (e.g., CPV-2a, CPV-2b, new CPV-2a, new CPV-2b, and CPV-2c). Currently, the epidemiological characteristics of CPV-2 in Henan province of China is still unclear. In our study, a total of 98 nearly full-length genomes of CPV-2 strains were obtained to explore prevalence and genetic evolution of CPV-2 in Henan Province. Moreover, the epidemiological and genetic evolution of CPV-2 in China since its discovery was also investigated. The results of this study will provide valuable information regarding the evolution of CPV-2 strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongchang He
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xinrui Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Congrong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yiqian Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Heshui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Weifei Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Beibei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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9
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Tracing the Genetic Evolution of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2) in Thailand. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121460. [PMID: 36558793 PMCID: PMC9781796 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is responsible for hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs worldwide. High genomic substitution rates in CPV-2 contribute to the progressive emergence of novel variants with increased ability to evade the host immune response. Three studies have analyzed the genomic mutations of CPV-2 variants in Thailand. These investigations were independently conducted at different timepoints. Thus, a retrospective integrated analysis of CPV-2 genomic mutations has not been fully performed. Our study aimed at evaluating the evolutionary changes in CPV-2 in Thailand from 2003 to 2019. Two hundred and sixty-eight Thai CPV-2 nucleotide sequences were used for multiple amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses. From 2003 to 2010, CPV-2a and -2b were the only variants detected. CPV-2c, emerged in 2014, replacing CPV-2a and -2b, and has become a major variant in 2019. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the proposed mutation pattern of VP2 amino acid residues could help distinguish Thai CPV-2 variants. This comprehensive examination provides insight into the genomic evolution of CPV-2 in Thailand since its first reporting in 2003, which may facilitate the surveillance of the potential genetic alteration of emergent CPV-2 variants.
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10
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Lina Z, Kai W, Fuyu A, Dongliang Z, Hailing Z, Xuelin X, Ce G, Hongmei Y, Yingjie K, Zhidong Z, Rongguang L, Yan H. Fatal canine parvovirus type 2a and 2c infections in wild Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) in southern China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:4002-4008. [PMID: 36070349 PMCID: PMC10087772 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is a critically endangered scale-covered mammal belonging to the order Pholidota. Wild pangolins are notably susceptible to pathogen infection and are typically characterized by impoverished health. However, little is currently known regarding the viruses prevalent among pangolins. In this study, we report the detection of two subtypes of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), namely CPV-2a and CPV-2c, both of which caused severe diarrheal disease in two post-rescue pangolins with fatal consequences. As in CPV-2-infected dogs, intensive lesion of the mucosal layer of the small intestines is a prominent feature in infected pangolins. Moreover, the immunochemistry results demonstrated that CPV-2 antigens were distributed in the crypts of small intestine. Additionally, typical parvovirus-associated CPV-2 were detected after four passages in F81 cells, and typical parvovirus-like particles, approximately 20 nm in diameter, were observed in the cell supernatants. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP2 viral protein sequences (GenBank accession number OP208805) isolated from one pangolin (termed P1) were classified as CPV-2c, with 99.8% identity to a CPV-2c strain (MN832850) isolated from a Taiwanese pangolin found in Taiwan Province. In contrast, VP2 sequences (#OP208806) obtained from the second pangolin (P2) were classified as CPV-2a, with 99.8% identity to a CPV-2a strain (KY386858) isolated from southern China. In this study, we thus confirmed the infection of pangolins with CPV-2c in mainland China and demonstrated that CPV-2a also can infect pangolins. Based on these findings, we recommend that further investigations should be conducted to establish the interspecies transmission of these viruses among wild pangolins, wild carnivores, and stray dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Lina
- Eco-Engineering Department, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Kai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - An Fuyu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Dongliang
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Hailing
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Special Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Xuelin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Ce
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Hongmei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuang Yingjie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Zhidong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Rongguang
- School of Medicine, Chinese University of Hongkong Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Jing Z, Ji P, Wei Y, Hao F, Wei Y. Isolation and identification of a novel canine parvovirus type 2c strain in domestic cats in Dalian, China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1001604. [PMID: 36311677 PMCID: PMC9611770 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1001604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) are highly contagious and cause severe enteric diseases, with high mortality rates in dogs and cats. In the present study, we isolated and identified a novel CPV-2c strain (FPV-DL04 strain) from 18 cats with gastroenteritis symptoms and a positive parvovirus PCR test result in Dalian, China. Molecular characterization, sequence analysis, and phylogeny determination were performed on the VP2 gene of this strain. The results showed that the FPV-DL04 strain had 99.4% homology with the CPV-2c CN/HN1708 strain, and both strains had S297A and A300G key mutation sites. Interestingly, we also found that the DL04 strain has a A5G mutation site, but no F267Y and Y324I mutation sites. This study provided new important findings regarding the evolution of parvovirus infection in domestic cats in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanquan Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yanquan Wei
| | - Fuxing Hao
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China,Yanming Wei
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12
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Unusual "Asian-origin" 2c to 2b point mutant canine parvovirus (Parvoviridae) and canine astrovirus (Astroviridae) co-infection detected in vaccinated dogs with an outbreak of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis with high mortality rate in Hungary. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1355-1361. [PMID: 36129562 PMCID: PMC9490711 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the aetiological background of an outbreak of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) in a colony of purebred Jack Russell Terriers vaccinated against CPV-2 in Hungary was investigated. Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2, Parvoviridae) and canine astrovirus (CaAstV, Astroviridae) co-infection was identified by viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing (VM-NGS) methods from a rectal swab of an affected 7-week-old puppy. The complete coding sequence of CPV-2 strain FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN (ON733252) and the complete genome of CaAstV strain FR1/CaAstV-2021-HUN (ON733251) were determined by VM-NGS and PCR methods. Results of sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that CPV-2 strain FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN was different from the applied vaccine strains and previously identified strains from Hungary but showed high sequence identity (> 99.8%) and close phylogenetic relationship to recently described “Asian-origin” CPV-2c strains from Italy. But, based on the single amino acid difference on position 426 of VP2 (Glu/Asp) between the study strain and the closest relatives, FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN belonged to the 2b antigenic type rather than 2c. The CaAstV strain FR1/CaAstV-2021-HUN showed close relationship with a CaAstV strain identified previously from a diarrhoeic dog in Hungary. Both viruses were continuously detectable by PCR in additional enteric samples, and the CPV-2 could also be detected in several (n = 32) tissue samples from 9 affected deceased puppies. Further comparative studies are necessary to confirm the role of the point mutation causing the change in the antigenic type of this “Asian-origin” CPV-2 and/or the role of CaAstV co-infection in the development and/or severity of (haemorrhagic) gastroenteritis among dogs vaccinated against CPV-2.
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13
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Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Zarea AAK, Desario C, Odigie EA, Ehab FA, Capozza P, Greco G, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Molecular characterization of carnivore protoparvovirus 1 circulating in domestic carnivores in Egypt. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:932247. [PMID: 35937285 PMCID: PMC9354892 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.932247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), now included in the unique species Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV1), have been circulating in dogs and cats for several decades and are considered the causes of clinically important diseases, especially in young animals. While genetic evidence of the circulation of parvoviruses in Egyptian domestic carnivores has been provided since 2016, to date, all available data are based on partial fragments of the VP2 gene. This study reports the molecular characterization of CPPV strains from Egypt based on the full VP2 gene. Overall, 196 blood samples were collected from dogs and cats presented at veterinary clinics for routine medical assessment in 2019 in Egypt. DNA extracts were screened and characterized by real-time PCR. Positive samples were amplified by conventional PCR and then were sequenced. Nucleotide and amino acid changes in the sequences were investigated and phylogeny was inferred. Carnivore protoparvovirus DNA was detected in 18 out of 96 dogs (18.8%) and 7 of 100 cats (7%). Phylogenetic analyses based on the full VP2 gene revealed that 9 sequenced strains clustered with different CPV clades (5 with 2c, 2 with 2a, 1 with 2b, and 1 with 2) and 1 strain with the FPV clade. All three CPV variants were detected in dog and cat populations with a predominance of CPV-2c strains (7 of 18, 38.9%) in dog samples, thus mirroring the circulation of this variant in African, European, and Asian countries. Deduced amino acid sequence alignment revealed the presence of the previously unreported unique mutations S542L, H543Q, Q549H, and N557T in the Egyptian CPV-2c strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gianvito Lanave
| | - Aya A. K. Zarea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Veterinary Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Eugene A. Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fouad A. Ehab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Veterinary Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Greco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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14
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Genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of canine parvovirus in Tangshan, China. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2263-2269. [PMID: 35829824 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major enteric virus of carnivores worldwide that poses a considerable threat to dogs. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation of CPV in Tangshan, China, and the relationships between CPV disease and the vaccination status, age, and gender of dogs. Seventy-seven fecal samples from dogs in Tangshan that tested positive for CPV were obtained for analysis. Twenty-two full-length VP2 gene sequences were successfully amplified. The 22 strains included 17 CPV-2c variants, four new CPV-2a variants, and one new CPV-2b variant. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the CPV-2c strains clustered together and were closely related to CPV-2c strains from Asia but distantly related to CPV-2c strains from Europe. Further amino acid sequence analysis showed that, relative to CPV-2c strains from Europe, most of the CPV-2c stains in this study had A5G, F267Y, Y324I, and Q370R mutations. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the variants of CPV circulating in China.
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15
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Pedroza-Roldán C, Hernández-Almaraz MA, Elizondo-Quiroga D, Gutierrez-Ortega A, Acosta-Monroy CM, Charles-Niño C, Realpe-Quintero M, Robles-Gil SDC. Exclusive circulation of canine parvovirus type 2c in the Guadalajara metropolitan area in western Mexico: a five-year study. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2109-2121. [PMID: 35794491 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) infection in dogs is associated with severe gastroenteritis, bloody diarrhea, and vomiting, resulting in high rates of death, especially in unvaccinated puppies within the first months of age. There are three variants, called CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c, co-circulating worldwide. Our group previously reported that the only circulating CPV-2 variant in the Guadalajara metropolitan area in western Mexico was type 2c. Now, a five-year study was performed in order to investigate the possible dominance of CPV-2c in our region. Rectal swabs were collected from 146 dogs with clinical gastroenteritis from May 2014 to August 2019 at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Guadalajara. Of these, 90 dogs tested positive for canine parvovirus by PCR. Most of the infected dogs with CPV-2 had a partial or incomplete vaccination status (n = 88, 97.8%). Approximately 65% (n = 59) of them were mixed-breed dogs, 77.8% (n = 70) were under 6 months of age, and 37.8% (n = 34) of them died from clinical complications. RFLP analysis of amplicons derived from the vp2 gene showed that all 90 DNA samples corresponded to CPV-2c, with no evidence of the presence of CPV-2a or CPV-2b variants. Twenty-nine of the 90 DNA samples were selected for amplification of a portion of the vp2 gene, and sequencing of these amplicons showed that all of them had the sequence GAA at codon 426, encoding the amino acid glutamic acid, which is characteristic of CPV-2c. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CPV-2c sequences were related to those of viruses from Europe and South America. The present study indicates that CPV-2c is still the only variant circulating in the dog population of the Guadalajara metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Pedroza-Roldán
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas, Jalisco, 44600, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Martín Alejandro Hernández-Almaraz
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas, Jalisco, 44600, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Darwin Elizondo-Quiroga
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, CP 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Abel Gutierrez-Ortega
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Av. Normalistas No. 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, CP 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Maximiliano Acosta-Monroy
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas, Jalisco, 44600, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Claudia Charles-Niño
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Edificio P, CP 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Realpe-Quintero
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas, Jalisco, 44600, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sandra Del Carmen Robles-Gil
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas, Jalisco, 44600, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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16
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Zhou L, Wu H, Du M, Song H, Huo N, Chen X, Su X, Li W, Wang L, Wang J, Huang B, Tan F, Tian K. A canine-derived chimeric antibody with high neutralizing activity against canine parvovirus-2. AMB Express 2022; 12:76. [PMID: 35705721 PMCID: PMC9200918 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) infection causes serious multisystemic disease in dogs and many animal species worldwide. Previously, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) of CPV-2, 10H4, showed high neutralizing activity and therapeutic effect against CPV-2 in dogs. However, the application of mouse MAb is limited in other animals due to immune rejection. Here, the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of 10H4 were cloned and ligated with constant canine antibody regions to produce a canine-derived chimeric MAb 11D9, in a CHO-S cell expression system. The cell supernatant of the CHO cell line 11D9 exhibited a HI titer of 1:2560 against all the variants of CPV-2 (new CPV-2a, new CPV-2b, and CPV-2c), and had the same average neutralization titer as the new CPV-2a (1:11,046.5) and new CPV-2b (1:11,046.5) variants, which was slightly higher than that of CPV-2c variants (1:10,615.7). In animal experiment, the treatment of chimeric MAb 11D9 had a high therapeutic effect in beagles infected with the new CPV-2a. Overall, the canine-derived chimeric MAb 11D9 produced by CHO-S cells showed a high HI and neutralization titer against CPV-2 and the therapeutic effects against the new CPV-2a in beagles, providing potential for the prevention or treatment of CPV-2 infections in dogs. A canine-derived chimeric MAb 11D9 was produced by CHO cell lines. The MAb 11D9 exhibited high HI and neutralization titers against new CPV-2 variants. The MAb 11D9 had a high therapeutic effect in beagles infected with the new CPV-2a variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongchao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengmeng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Song
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Ningning Huo
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China.,Luoyang Huizhong Biotech Co., Ltd., Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaorui Su
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China.,Luoyang Huizhong Biotech Co., Ltd., Luoyang, China
| | - Baicheng Huang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China.
| | - Feifei Tan
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China.
| | - Kegong Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China. .,National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China.
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17
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Luna Espinoza LR, Carhuaricra Huamán D, Quino Quispe R, Rosadio Alcántara RH, Maturrano Hernández AL. Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 in Peruvian dogs: Temporal/geographical and evolutionary dynamics of virus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 99:105255. [PMID: 35227878 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been recognized all around the world as the causal agent of a contagious and highly mortal disease in domestic dogs. In Peru, the infection is endemic and unvaccinated animals and puppies are the most at risk. In order to analyze viral diversity and determine the evolutionary genetic relationships and transmission dynamic of Peruvian CPV-2, were collected during the period of 2016-2017 rectal swabs from puppies with parvovirosis compatible symptoms. Viral DNA was amplified by PCR using primers that flanked the ends of the viral genome and sequenced by Illumina Miseq platform. Twenty-six genomic sequences (NSP1-VP1) of CPV from several districts in Lima Metropolitan area were obtained. The VP2 gene analysis demonstrated the presence of the New CPV-2a, New CPV-2b and 2c variants. The phylodynamic analysis of the viral genomes determined that all Peruvian sequences were clustered into a big clade named South American clade that emerged from the west region of Europe (Italy). The Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) of the South American clade was dated to 1993. Peruvian sequences were distributed into three subclades, and the 92% of these sequences were related to Ecuadorian CPV-2. The results suggests that three independent introduction events of virus from other countries could have occurred, in two of these events, CPV-2 from Ecuador were introduced in Peru in 2003 and 2009, and another introduction event, in 2000, from Europe. Overall, these results indicate a viral genetic relationship between Peruvian with Ecuadorian and European virus, and the circulation of several viral subpopulations in Lima Metropolitan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Luna Espinoza
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Dennis Carhuaricra Huamán
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Raquel Quino Quispe
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Raúl H Rosadio Alcántara
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Abelardo Lenin Maturrano Hernández
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation (SANIGEN), Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
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18
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Shams F, Pourtaghi H, Abdolmaleki Z. The first evaluation of the effectiveness of canine vaccination schedule by two commercial vaccines in Iran. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:119. [PMID: 35351134 PMCID: PMC8961973 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a member of the Parvoviridae family with a global distribution and causes pathogenicity in puppies aged from 6 weeks to 6 months. It should be noted that Maternally Derived Antibodies (MDA) have protection against CPV-2 in the first weeks of puppies’ life. However, MDA declines with age. The most important influential factor is timely vaccination against CPV-2. Methods In this study, 24 healthy 8-week-old terrier puppies were selected and divided into three identical groups based on a randomized, double-blind comparative trial. One of which was called the control group that was injected with the physiological serum. The second group was the group A that was vaccinated by the vaccine provided by Biocan DHPPi+L (Bioveta, Czech). The third group was group B that was vaccinated by the vaccine of Duramune Max 5 + LCI / GP (Fort Dodge Animal Health, USA) from 8 to 16 weeks of their life at every 4 weeks. Then serum samples were analyzed with HI and ELISA tests. Results The MDA titer was protective in some puppies until 18 weeks of age. Also, after the first vaccination, all puppies had a protective titer against CPV-2, and Duramune vaccine had seroconverted after the first injection and Biocan had seroconverted after the second injection. Conclusions It is recommended that to reduce the risk of vaccine failure: such as the MDA titer should be measured in puppies before designing a vaccination schedule.
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19
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Tuteja D, Banu K, Mondal B. Canine parvovirology - A brief updated review on structural biology, occurrence, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 82:101765. [PMID: 35182832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major cause of hemorrhagic diarrhea and mortality in puppies worldwide. There are 2 types of Parvovirus which affects canines: Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) and Canine parvovirus 1 (CPV-1) or the Minute Virus of Canine (MVC). CPV-2 originated from Feline panleukopenia virus and has undergone genetic variation to give rise to its three variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c). Amino acid substitutions in VP2 capsid protein have led virus to adapt new host range. The original CPV-2 was known to be dominant in Japan, Belgium, Australia as well as USA and later circulated throughout the world. Clinically, CPV-2 infection is characterized by anorexia, lethargy, depression, vomiting, leukopenia and severe hemorrhagic diarrhea. Several diagnostic tests have been developed to detect parvoviral infections which are categorized into immunological tests (latex agglutination test, SIT-SAT and ELISA etc.) and molecular based tests (PCR, mPCR and RT-PCR etc.). To control and manage the disease several treatments like fluid therapies, antibiotics, and adjunctive treatments are available and some are in various stages of development. Apart from this, many vaccines are also commercially available and some are in developmental stages. The present review contains detailed information regarding structural biology, occurrence, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatments and prevention in order to understand the need and the growing importance of CPV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Tuteja
- Shankaranarayana Life Sciences LLP, Shankaranarayana Life Sciences, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Kauser Banu
- Shankaranarayana Life Sciences LLP, Shankaranarayana Life Sciences, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Bhairab Mondal
- Shankaranarayana Life Sciences LLP, Shankaranarayana Life Sciences, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560100, India.
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20
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Liu F, Lin J, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Shan H. Recovery of Recombinant Canine Distemper Virus That Expresses CPV-2a VP2: Uncovering the Mutation Profile of Recombinant Undergoing 50 Serial Passages In Vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:770576. [PMID: 35096636 PMCID: PMC8795682 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.770576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper and canine parvoviral enteritis are infections caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), respectively. They are two common infectious diseases that cause high morbidity and mortality in affected dogs. Combination vaccines have been broadly used to protect dogs from infections of CDV, CPV-2, and other viruses. VP2 is the most abundant protein of the CPV-2 capsid. It elicits potent immunity in animals and, therefore, is widely used for designing subunit antigen-based vaccines. In this study, we rescued a recombinant CDV (QN vaccine strain) using reverse genetics. The recombinant CDV (rCDV-VP2) was demonstrated to express stably the VP2 in cells for at least 33 serial passages in vitro. Unfortunately, a nonsense mutation was initially identified in the VP2 open reading frame (ORF) at passage-34 (P34) and gradually became predominant in rCDV-VP2 quasispecies with passaging. Neither test strip detection nor indirect immunofluorescence assay demonstrated the expression of the VP2 at P50. The P50 rCDV-VP2 was subjected to next-generation sequencing, which totally identified 17 single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), consisting of 11 transitions and 6 transversions. Out of the 17 SNVs, 1 and 9 were identified as nonsense and missense mutations, respectively. Since the nonsense mutation arose in the VP2 ORF as early as P34, an earlier rCDV-VP2 progeny should be selected for the vaccination of animals in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Shan, ; Fuxiao Liu,
| | - Jiahui Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Shan, ; Fuxiao Liu,
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21
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Rakib TM, Nath BK, Das T, Yadav SK, Raidal SR, Das S. Retrospective Genotyping and Whole Genome Sequencing of a Canine Parvovirus Outbreak in Bangladesh. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111373. [PMID: 34832529 PMCID: PMC8619975 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) outbreaks in close quarters such as kennels or shelters can cause substantial case fatality. Thirteen dead Labradors from a secluded kennel of security dogs presented with typical clinical signs and gross pathology of parvovirus infection. Whole genome shotgun sequencing from tissue-extracted genomic DNA detected new CPV-2a as the contributing antigenic variant. Further genotyping using polymerase chain reaction coupled with high-resolution melt assays (PCR-HRM) confirmed new CPV-2a infection in all deceased dogs. PCR-HRM of additional thirty-four clinically suspected dogs suggested that this variant is in wider community circulation, at least in the southeastern part of Bangladesh. We present complete genome sequence of the new CPV-2a variant circulating in the domestic canine population of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tofazzal Md Rakib
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh;
| | - Babu Kanti Nath
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (B.K.N.); (T.D.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Tridip Das
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (B.K.N.); (T.D.); (S.R.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Saroj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh;
| | - Shane R. Raidal
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (B.K.N.); (T.D.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (B.K.N.); (T.D.); (S.R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +02-6933-4353
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22
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Balboni A, Terrusi A, Urbani L, Troia R, Stefanelli SAM, Giunti M, Battilani M. Canine circovirus and Canine adenovirus type 1 and 2 in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:223-232. [PMID: 34671910 PMCID: PMC8528481 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is one of the most relevant pathogens associated with enteritis in dogs and is frequently reported in association with the detection of other pathogens in faeces. In this study the concomitant presence of Canine circovirus (CanineCV) and Canine adenovirus (CAdV) DNA in faecal or intestine samples of 95 dogs with parvovirus enteritis sampled in Italy (1995–2017) was investigated and the viruses identified were genetically characterised. Potential correlations with the antigenic variant of CPV-2 and with signalment data and outcome were evaluated. Twenty-eight of 95 (29.5%) CPV-2 infected dogs tested positive to other viruses: 7/28 were also positive to CanineCV, 1/28 to CAdV-1, 18/28 to CAdV-2, 1/28 to CanineCV and CAdV-2, and 1/28 to CAdV-1 and CAdV-2. The frequency of CAdV DNA detection and coinfections was significantly higher in purebred dogs compared to mixed breed ones (P = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively). The presence of coinfection was not associated with any other relevant data available, including CPV-2 variant and final outcome. The detection of CanineCV in a dog sampled in 2009 allowed to backdating its circulation in dogs. The eight CanineCV completely sequenced were phylogenetically related to the CanineCV identified in dogs, wolves and a badger from Europe, USA, Argentina and China. Nine CAdV were partially sequenced and phylogenetic analysis showed a separate branch for the oldest CAdV-2 identified (1995). From the results obtained in this study population, CanineCV and CAdV coinfections in dogs with parvoviral enteritis did not result in more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessia Terrusi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Lorenza Urbani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Roberta Troia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Silvia A M Stefanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
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23
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Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Canine Parvovirus Circulating in China from 2014 to 2019. PATHOGENS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:pathogens10050588. [PMID: 34064982 PMCID: PMC8150379 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The global distribution of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) derived from a closely related carnivore parvovirus poses a considerable threat to the dog population. The virus is continuously undergoing genetic evolution, giving rise to several variants. To investigate the prevalence of Chinese CPV-2 strains in recent years, a total of 30 CPV-2 strains were collected from 2018 to 2021 and the VP2 gene was sequenced and analyzed. Two variants, new CPV-2a (297Ala, 426Asn) and CPV-2c (426Glu), were identified. In contrast to previous reports, the CPV-2c variant has gained an epidemiological advantage over the new CPV-2a variant in China. To compensate for the relatively small sample size, 683 Chinese CPV-2 strains identified between 2014 and 2019 were retrieved from the GenBank database and previous publications, and analyses of these strains further supported our findings, which should be considered since the CPV-2c variant has been frequently associated with immune failure in adult dogs. VP2 protein sequence analysis revealed several amino acid substitutions, including Ala5Gly, Pro13Ser, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, Gln370Arg, Thr440Ala, and Lys570Arg. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length VP2 gene indicated a close relationship between Chinese strains and other Asian strains, suggesting mutual transmission between Asian countries. Furthermore, intercontinental transmission is a cause for concern. Surprisingly, two feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) strains with the Ile101Thr mutation in the VP2 protein were identified in canine fecal samples; FPV has been considered incapable of infecting dogs. This study clarified the epidemic characteristics of Chinese CPV-2 strains detected between 2014 and 2019, offering a reference for epidemic control. In addition, the detection of FPV in canine samples may provide information for future studies on the evolution of carnivore parvoviruses.
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24
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Tamukai K, Minami S, Kadekaru S, Mitsui I, Maeda K, Une Y. New canine parvovirus 2a infection in an imported Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:507-511. [PMID: 33473050 PMCID: PMC8025432 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-import from the Republic of Indonesia to Japan in 2017, two juvenile, captive bred Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus) exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, diarrhea, and hematemesis, and died. One of them was examined postmortem. Microscopically, the small intestinal mucosa was necrotic with crypts lined by regenerating large epithelial cells. A gastric cardiac mucosal ulcerative lesion containing fungal yeasts and pseudohyphae morphologically indicated Candida spp. The lymph nodes exhibited marked lymphoid depletion. Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) was isolated from an oral swab, and virus protein 2 (VP2) gene sequencing revealed new CPV-2a. To our knowledge, this is the first new CPV-2a infection report in Asian small-clawed otters. This infection should be considered in gastrointestinal symptom-related cases in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tamukai
- Den-en-chofu Animal Hospital, 2-1-3 Denenchofu, Ota-ku, Tokyo 145-0071, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Sho Kadekaru
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ikki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yumi Une
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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25
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Hao X, He Y, Wang C, Xiao W, Liu R, Xiao X, Zhou P, Li S. The increasing prevalence of CPV-2c in domestic dogs in China. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9869. [PMID: 33062416 PMCID: PMC7531355 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a serious pathogen, leads to high morbidity and mortality in dogs and several wild carnivore species. Although it is a DNA virus, it evolves particularly rapidly, with a genomic substitution rate of approximately 10−4 substitutions/site/year, close to that of some RNA viruses. Tracing the prevalence of CPV-2 in dogs is significant. Methods In this study, an aetiological survey was carried out from 2016 to 2019 in Guangdong Province, China, involving Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan. Furthermore, to systematically analyse the prevalence of CPV-2 in China, the VP2 gene sequences of all Chinese isolates were downloaded from the NCBI nucleotide database in December 2019, and changes in CPV-2 variants were examined. Results A total of 55.7% (34/61) of samples were CPV-2 positive by PCR detection and virus isolation. In addition to different variants circulating in dogs, coinfection with multiple variants was identified, as was coinfection with other canine enteric pathogens in some cases. Two previously reported amino acid sites, A5G and Q370R of CPV-2c mutants, reported in variants in China were assessed, and several CPV-2 isolates with P13S and K582N mutations were detected in this study. Finally, we speculate on the prevalence of different CPV-2 variants in China. According to the VP2 gene sequence obtained from the NCBI nucleotide database, the proportion of different variants in China has changed, and CPV-2c appears to be growing rapidly. In conclusion, this aetiology survey suggests that CPV-2 continues to be common in China and that the prevalence of CPV-2c is increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuwei He
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiqi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruohan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technological Research Center for Pets, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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