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Wutthiwitthayaphon S, Suwannachote T, Arayatham S, Prasitsuwan W, Ruenphet S. Assessment of Vcheck ® analyzer for rapid progesterone concentration measurement including recommendations for achieving the optimal breeding time in bitches. Vet World 2024; 17:427-433. [PMID: 38595662 PMCID: PMC11000484 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.427-433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Serum progesterone concentration plays critical role in determining the optimal breeding time in bitches and diagnosing reproductive-related issues. This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of serum progesterone results obtained from commercial point-of-care immunological analyzers, namely, Vcheck®, with those obtained using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Our overarching goal was to evaluate these analyzers' accuracy and establish standardized guidelines for optimal breeding timing. Materials and Methods Ninety-four serum samples from bitches were analyzed using the Vcheck® analyzer and compared with CMIA. Thorough documentation included the mean, standard deviation, 95% confidence interval (CI), and minimum and maximum values of serum progesterone concentrations. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, and the bias correction factor were meticulously recorded. Results The mean progesterone concentration measured using the Vcheck® analyzer was significantly lower than that measured using CMIA, with a mean difference of 1.26 ng/mL of serum. The Bias correction factor was 0.935, which was nearly 1.00, indicating that the line of best-fit was on the perfect line of agreement, providing insight into the measurement accuracy. Pearson's correlation coefficient, a measure of precision, was also close to 1 (0.939), confirming the reliability of the data. Furthermore, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.877, indicating a fair overall agreement between the Vcheck® and CMIA methods. These results support the validity of the Vcheck® analyzer's results. The present study was developed by aligning with established CMIA guidelines and adapting them using the range and 95% CI derived from each set of results, ensuring a standardized and rigorous approach. Conclusion The Vcheck® analyzer provides a rapid assessment of serum progesterone concentration in bitches, with results comparable to those measured using the CMIA technique. However, when considering the use of the Vcheck® analyzer, it is recommended that the results should be interpreted carefully and the interpretation guidelines should be followed. In conclusion, Vcheck® provides a reliable and convenient method for veterinarian practitioners to measure canine progesterone levels in a clinical/hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supphathat Wutthiwitthayaphon
- Department Immunology and Virology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanikran Suwannachote
- Clinic for Small Domestic Animals and Radiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saengtawan Arayatham
- Master of Science Program in Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wisut Prasitsuwan
- Master of Science Program in Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakchai Ruenphet
- Department Immunology and Virology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
- Master of Science Program in Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-Sampan Rd. Nong Chock, Bangkok, Thailand
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Suwannachote T, Wutthiwitthayaphong S, Arayatham S, Prasitsuwan W, Ruenphet S. A Precision Assessment of a Point-of-Care Immunological Analyzer for Swift Progesterone Measurement and Guidance for Determining the Optimal Breeding Time in Bitches. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:377. [PMID: 38338020 PMCID: PMC10854716 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The measurement of serum progesterone often varies due to different laboratory methodologies and individual canine characteristics. In this investigation, serum progesterone outcomes obtained from a commercial point-of-care immunological analyzer, designed for efficient serum progesterone assessment in bitches, were compared with results derived from chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay from reference laboratories in Thailand. Our thorough documentation encompassed various parameters: mean, standard deviation, 95% confidence interval, and minimum and maximum serum progesterone concentration values. Additionally, we meticulously recorded the Pearson's correlation coefficient, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, and the bias correction factor. Interestingly, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the means obtained by the point-of-care immunological analyzer and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between the point-of-care immunological analyzer and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay stood at 0.957, with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient for point-of-care immunological analyzer recorded as 0.949. Furthermore, the bias correction factor was established at 0.991. This investigation followed established chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay guidelines, modified to incorporate the mean and 95% confidence interval as criteria for optimal breeding time using the point-of-care immunological analyzer. In conclusion, the commercial point-of-care immunological analyzer emerges as a valuable tool, aiding in precisely determining the optimal timing for natural mating or artificial insemination in bitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanikran Suwannachote
- Clinic for Small Domestic Animals and Radiology, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand;
| | | | - Saengtawan Arayatham
- Clinic for Gynecology and Animal Reproduction, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand;
- Animal Biotechnology, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand;
| | - Wisut Prasitsuwan
- Animal Biotechnology, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand;
| | - Sakchai Ruenphet
- Immunology and Virology Department, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand;
- Animal Biotechnology, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand;
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Conley AJ, Gonzales KL, Erb HN, Christensen BW. Progesterone Analysis in Canine Breeding Management. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00080-3. [PMID: 37385875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is a worthwhile addition to the clinical assessment of cycle stage for breeding, elective cesarian delivery, and reproductive management in the bitch if reliably measured. Clinical decisions based on systemic progesterone concentrations also require the rapid return of results. Most commercially accessible analyses capable of returning results within a day still rely primarily on immunoassays of one kind or another. Point-of-care instruments utilizing similar technology have been developed more recently to enable results to be generated in-house. Repeated monitoring of progesterone on whatever platform can be useful if consistent collection and analysis protocols ensure acceptable precision, accuracy, and repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Conley
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Kris L Gonzales
- Guide Dogs for the Blind, California Campus, PO Box 151200, San Rafael, CA 94915, USA
| | - Hollis N Erb
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Milani C, Boscato EL, Gabai G, Badon T, Schrank M, Sontas HB, Romagnoli S, Mollo A. Analytical and clinical performance of a fluorescence enzyme immunoassay for progesterone and determination of ovulation day in bitches. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:977-982. [PMID: 36172627 PMCID: PMC9597340 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221125466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the performance of a third-generation fluorescence enzyme immunoassay kit (FEIA; Tosoh Bioscience) for progesterone (P4) measurement in canine serum to identify the day of luteinizing hormone (LH) peak and ovulation in bitches. We conducted P4 assays on 54 serum samples using a FEIA and a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA; Siemens). For the FEIA kit, the linearity test, recovery test, inter- and intra-assay CVs, and total error observed (TEo) were calculated. Serum samples from 28 bitches were used to evaluate the association of P4 concentration with the day of LH peak and the day of ovulation based on P4 thresholds (P4 ≥ 2 ng/mL, and doubling at 4-8 ng/mL in the following 48 h), and with pregnancy length. Linearity was 75-97% and 86-94% for high (37.0 ng/mL) and medium (3.8 ng/mL) pool serum samples, respectively. Recovery was 86.4-119%. Intra-assay CVs were 2.6%, 3.3%, and 5.2% for low (0.23 ng/mL), medium (6.24 ng/mL), and high (38.3 ng/mL) pool concentrations. Inter-assay CVs were 2.22% and 2.53% for P4 concentrations of 2.70 ng/mL and 8.2 ng/mL, respectively. TEo was 8.72% and 22.7% for P4 concentrations of 2 and 8 ng/mL, respectively. The mean pregnancy length from the day of LH peak and ovulation were 64.6 ± 1.7 and 63.3 ± 1.1 d, respectively. The third-generation FEIA kit that we tested was highly reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Milani
- Departments of Animal Medicine, Production and
Health
| | | | | | - Tamara Badon
- Departments of Animal Medicine, Production and
Health
| | | | - Hasan B. Sontas
- University of Padova, Padova, Veneto, Italy;
Kleintierklinik Vitalis, Vorchdorf, Austria
| | | | - Antonio Mollo
- Departments of Animal Medicine, Production and
Health
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Østergård Jensen S, Öberg J, Alm H, Holst BS. Validation of a dry-slide immunoassay for progesterone analysis in canine plasma in a clinical setting. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:524-532. [PMID: 35854401 PMCID: PMC10084308 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of canine ovulation is critical for successful breeding. Progesterone measurements are useful for identifying ovulation. Progesterone assays are also quantitative and easily accessed, making them valuable in veterinary practice. OBJECTIVES We aimed to validate a dry-slide immunoassay (DSI) for use in dogs, including a method comparison with the chemiluminescence assay (CLIA) and mass spectrometry. METHODS Twenty-nine bitches were prospectively recruited. Accuracy, precision, interference, and stability were evaluated. Method comparison between DSI and CLIA and mass spectrometry was conducted, and bias was calculated. RESULTS Repeatability was 8.0%-10.8%, and within-laboratory imprecision was 8.8%-11.1% for four concentration levels. Recovery under dilution was 61%-100%, and the method was linear to a concentration of ~50 nmol/L. Recovery after the addition of a high progesterone sample was 76%-83%. Minor changes were seen in one hemolytic and two lipemic samples. Storage at room temperature for 12-24 hours resulted in concentrations that were 57%-96% of the initial concentrations. For samples frozen at -80°C, the concentrations were reduced 17%-27%. There was a significant difference between results from the DSI and CLIA, and a proportional bias was seen when DSI was compared with mass spectrometry, where CLIA correlated better than DSI. CONCLUSIONS Precision and accuracy were acceptable. A proportional bias was seen between DSI and CLIA. A small amount of interference was seen with hemolysis and lipemia. Progesterone concentrations were decreased in samples stored at room temperature and -80°C. The results support the use of the DSI for ovulation timing but not for artificial insemination with frozen semen since progesterone concentrations might exceed the assay's linearity and precision limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Østergård Jensen
- AniCura Small Animal Referral Hospital Bagarmossen, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefine Öberg
- AniCura Small Animal Referral Hospital Bagarmossen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Alm
- AniCura Small Animal Referral Hospital Bagarmossen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bodil S Holst
- The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Nöthling JO, Joonè CJ, Hegarty E, Schooley EK, De Cramer KGM. Use of a Point-of-Care Progesterone Assay to Predict Onset of Parturition in the Bitch. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:914659. [PMID: 35812850 PMCID: PMC9260388 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.914659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An assay of circulating progesterone (P4) is commonly used to estimate progress through late gestation in the bitch. Point-of-care assays provide rapid results, a major advantage over laboratory-based assays. This study aims to compare P4 levels determined by the Catalyst® Progesterone point-of-care assay with those determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and to identify the expected distribution of Catalyst P4 levels at time intervals 3 days prior to the onset of parturition in pregnant bitches. Twenty-eight pregnant bitches carrying two or more fetuses were admitted to a specialist veterinary reproduction hospital 53 days after the onset of cytological diestrus or, when that date was not known, 57 days after the last mating. Vaginal speculum examinations were performed every 6 h until the onset of cervical dilatation (TCD). Serum samples were collected twice daily (08h00 and 18h00) until TCD. For most samples, fresh serum was assayed for P4 immediately using the Catalyst assay (CatP4), then frozen until assayed by CLIA (IMMULITE 2000; ImmP4). However, for some samples, CatP4 was not analyzed prior to freezing. For these data points (n = 33), CatP4 for fresh serum was estimated from CatP4 assayed on frozen-thawed serum, based on a comparison between CatP4 on fresh vs. frozen-thawed sera. In comparison to ImmP4, CatP4 levels up to and including 7 nmol/L appear to have a constant bias of −1.69 nmol/L (limits of agreement −4.91 to 1.52), while levels >7 nmol/L appear to have a proportional bias of −17.9% (limits of agreement −68.6% to 32.7%). Bootstrapped percentiles of CatP4 results spanned 0.4–9 nmol/L within 12 h of TCD, 0.9–11 nmol/L 12–24 h from TCD, and 2.2–13.5 nmol/L 24–36 h from TCD. A CatP4 >9 nmol/L indicates a bitch that is unlikely to reach TCD within 12 h. Bitches with CatP4s below 3.5 nmol/L are likely to reach TCD within 36 h and bitches with a CatP4 below 2.2 nmol/L are likely to reach TCD within 24 h. In conclusion, the Catalyst Progesterone assay provides rapid assessment of circulating P4 in the bitch, with clinical application in the monitoring of late term pregnant bitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan O. Nöthling
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carolynne J. Joonè
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Carolynne J. Joonè
| | - Evan Hegarty
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME, United States
| | | | - Kurt G. M. De Cramer
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
- Kurt G. M. De Cramer
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