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Huang W, Chen Y, Xu T, Xiong T, Lv Y, Liu D, Chen R. Development and characterization of a recombinant Senecavirus A expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1443696. [PMID: 39391602 PMCID: PMC11464439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1443696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Senecavirus A (SVA), belonging to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae, is an emerging pathogen causing vesicular disease in pigs. The main clinical manifestations of SVA infection include high mortality in neonatal piglets, skin ulceration, and vesicular lesions. So far, there is no commercially available vaccines or drugs against SVA. Construction of SVA infectious clones carrying reporter genes will help understand the characteristics of SVA and promote vaccine development. Methods In this study, we established a reverse genetics system for a local SVA isolate and used it to rescue a recombinant SVA, rSVA-eGFP, expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) by inserting eGFP, GSG linker and the P2A sequence between 2A and 2B genes. Results We found that rSVA-eGFP exhibited a high replication efficiency comparable to the parental virus, was able to express the eGFP reporter efficiently and stable in maintaining the reporter gene up to six rounds of serial passages in BHK-21 cells. In mice, rSVA-eGFP also showed similar replication kinetics and pathogenicity to the parental virus, both causing mild lung lesions. In addition, a high-throughput viral neutralization assay was developed using eGFP as a surrogate readout in a fluorescence-based direct titration (FBT) assay based on rSVA-eGFP, facilitating rapid and accurate determination of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers. Discussion The successful establishment of an SVA reverse genetics system and the rescue of rSVA-eGFP would create a powerful tool for future studies of SVA replication mechanisms and pathogenicity as well as for antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Yadi Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Dingxiang Liu
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
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Vernygora O, Sullivan D, Nielsen O, Huntington KB, Rouse N, Popov VL, Lung O. Senecavirus cetus a novel picornavirus isolated from cetaceans represents a major host switching to the marine environment. NPJ VIRUSES 2024; 2:33. [PMID: 40295809 PMCID: PMC11721122 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-024-00040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging virus that causes vesicular disease in swine, was, until recently, the only member of the Senecavirus genus (Picornaviridae). Here, we report the isolation and complete genome sequence of two isolates of cetacean picornavirus 1 (Senecavirus cetus), a novel picornavirus species of the Senecavirus genus from dead stranded cetaceans from Alaska. One isolate was from a harbor porpoise stranded in 2017, and another from a beluga whale, stranded in 2019. Whole-genome sequencing of Senecavirus cetus strains showed a genome-wide nucleotide identity of 98.8% and a genome size of 7455 nucleotides. The Senecavirus cetus genomes are most similar to SVA with a 58.3% genome-wide pairwise nucleotide identity. Infection of eleven available cell lines from terrestrial and aquatic animals showed that beluga and sheep cells were susceptible to infection by Senecavirus cetus. Phylogenetic and ancestral state reconstruction analyses supported the novel virus being a member of the Senecavirus genus and provided the first evidence of Senecavirus-like picornavirus infecting marine mammals and likely descending from a terrestrial host ancestor. These discoveries provided important information on the evolutionary relationships and taxonomy of picornaviruses and increased our understanding of the genomic characteristics and potential host range of Senecavirus cetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Vernygora
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daniel Sullivan
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ole Nielsen
- Department of Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Kathleen Burek Huntington
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
- Alaska Veterinary Pathology Services, Eagle River, AK, USA
| | - Natalie Rouse
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
- Alaska Veterinary Pathology Services, Eagle River, AK, USA
| | - Vsevolod L Popov
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Lung
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Zeng W, Yan Q, Du P, Yuan Z, Sun Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Liu X, Ding H, Yi L, Fan S, Chen J, Zhao M. Evolutionary dynamics and adaptive analysis of Seneca Valley virus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 113:105488. [PMID: 37558190 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the Seneca Valley virus (SVV) has emerged in various countries and regions around the world. Infected pigs display symptoms similar to foot-and-mouth disease and other vesicular diseases, causing severe economic losses to affected countries. In recent years, the number of SVV infections has been increasing in Brazil, China, and the United States. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed SVV genomic sequence data from the perspectives of evolutionary dynamics, phylogeography, and codon usage bias. We aimed to gain further insights into SVV's genetic diversity, spatiotemporal distribution patterns, and evolutionary adaptations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SVV has evolved into eight distinct lineages. Based on the results of phylogeographic analysis, it is speculated that the United States might have been the source of SVV, from where it subsequently spread to different countries and regions. Moreover, our analysis of positive selection sites in SVV capsid proteins suggests their potential importance in the process of receptor recognition. Finally, codon preference analysis indicates that natural selection has been a primary evolutionary driver influencing SVV codon usage bias. In conclusion, our in-depth investigation into SVV's origin, dissemination, evolution, and adaptation emphasizes the significance of SVV surveillance and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhongmao Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xueyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Wang C, Chen Y, Yang X, Du Y, Xu Z, Zhou Y, Yang X, Wang X, Zhang C, Li S, Yang Y, Li W, Liu X. The porcine piRNA transcriptome response to Senecavirus a infection. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1126277. [PMID: 37323834 PMCID: PMC10265626 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1126277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Senecavirus A (SVA) belongs to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small Ribonucleic Acids (RNAs) that have been found in mammalian cells in recent years. However, the expression profile of piRNAs in the host during SVA infection and their roles are poorly understood. Methods Here, we found the significant differential expression of 173 piRNAs in SVA-infected porcine kidney (PK-15) cells using RNA-seq and 10 significant differentially expressed (DE) piRNAs were further verified by qRT-PCR. Results GO annotation analysis showed that metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation were significantly activated after SVA infection. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that significant DE piRNAs were mainly enriched in AMPK pathway, Rap1 pathway, circadian rhythm and VEGF pathway. It was suggested that piRNAs may regulated antiviral immunity, intracellular homeostasis, and tumor activities during SVA infection. In addition, we found that the expression levels of the major piRNA-generating genes BMAL1 and CRY1 were significantly downregulated after SVA infection. Discussion This suggests that SVA may affect circadian rhythm and promote apoptosis by inhibiting the major piRNA-generating genes BMAL1 and CRY1. The piRNA transcriptome in PK-15 cells has never been reported before, and this study will further the understanding of the piRNA regulatory mechanisms underlying SVA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanxi Chen
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiwang Yang
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunsha Du
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Animal Biotechnology Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology Research Center of Sichuan Province, Animtech Bioengineering CO., LTD., Chengdu, China
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology Research Center of Sichuan Province, Animtech Bioengineering CO., LTD., Chengdu, China
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuetao Wang
- Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology Research Center of Sichuan Province, Animtech Bioengineering CO., LTD., Chengdu, China
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanming Zhang
- Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology Research Center of Sichuan Province, Animtech Bioengineering CO., LTD., Chengdu, China
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology Research Center of Sichuan Province, Animtech Bioengineering CO., LTD., Chengdu, China
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Southwest University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing, China
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Liu W, Shang X, Wen W, Ren X, Qin L, Li X, Qian P. Seneca Valley virus enters cells through multiple pathways and traffics intracellularly via the endolysosomal pathway. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 36947577 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV, also known as Senecavirus A), an oncolytic virus, is a nonenveloped, positive-strand RNA virus and the sole member of the genus Senecavirus within the family Picornaviridae. The mechanisms of SVV entry into cells are currently almost unknown. In the present study, we found that SVV entry into HEK293T cells is acidic pH-dependent by using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and chloroquine, both of which could inhibit SVV infection. We confirmed that dynamin II is required for SVV entry by using dynasore, silencing the dynamin II protein, or expressing the dominant-negative (DN) K44A mutant of dynamin II. Then, we discovered that chlorpromazine (CPZ) treatment or knockdown of the clathrin heavy chain (CLTC) protein significantly inhibited SVV infection. In addition, overexpression of CLTC promoted SVV infection. Caveolin-1 and membrane cholesterol were also required for SVV endocytosis. Notably, utilizing genistein, EIPA or nocodazole, we observed that macropinocytosis and microtubules are not involved in SVV entry. Furthermore, overexpression of the Rab7 and Rab9 proteins but not the Rab5 or Rab11 proteins promoted SVV infection. The findings were further validated by the knockdown of four Rabs and Lamp1 proteins, indicating that after internalization, SVV is transported from late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) or lysosomes, respectively, eventually releasing its RNA into the cytosol from the lysosomes. Our findings concretely revealed SVV endocytosis mechanisms in HEK293T cells and provided an insightful theoretical foundation for further research into SVV oncolytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xianfei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xujiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liuxing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Wu H, Li C, Ji Y, Mou C, Chen Z, Zhao J. The Evolution and Global Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Senecavirus A. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0209022. [PMID: 36314961 PMCID: PMC9769604 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02090-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent outbreaks of senecavirus A (SVA)-associated vesicular disease have led to a large number of infected pigs being culled and has caused considerable economic losses to the swine industry. Although SVA was discovered 2 decades ago, knowledge about the evolutionary and transmission histories of SVA remains unclear. Herein, we performed an integrated analysis of the recombination, phylogeny, selection, and spatiotemporal dynamics of SVA. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SVA diverged into two main branches, clade I (pre-2007 strains) and clade II (post-2007 strains). Importantly, analysis of selective strength showed that clade II was evolving under relaxed selection compared with clade I. Positive selection analysis identified 27 positive selective sites, most of which are located on the outer surface of capsid protomer or on the important functional domains of nonstructure proteins. Bayesian phylodynamics suggested that the estimated time to the most recent common ancestor of SVA was around 1986, and the estimated substitution rate of SVA was 3.3522 × 10-3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. Demographic history analysis revealed that the effective population size of SVA has experienced a gradually increasing trend with slight fluctuation until 2017 followed by a sharp decline. Notably, Bayesian phylogeographic analysis inferred that Brazil might be the source of SVA's global transmission since 2015. In summary, these data illustrated that the ongoing evolution of SVA drove the lineage-specific innovation and potentially phenotypically important variation. Our study sheds new light on the fundamental understanding of SVA evolution and spread history. IMPORTANCE Recurrent outbreaks and global epidemics of senecavirus A-associated vesicular disease have caused heavy economic losses and have threatened the development of the pig industry. However, the question of where the virus comes from has been one of the biggest puzzles due to the stealthy nature of the virus. Consequently, tracing the source, evolution, and transmission pattern of SVA is a very challenging task. Based on the most comprehensive analysis, we revealed the origin time, rapid evolution, epidemic dynamics, and selection of SVA. We observed two main genetic branches, clade I (pre-2007 strains) and clade II (post-2007 strains), and described the epidemiological patterns of SVA in different countries. We also first identified Brazil as the source of SVA's global transmission since 2015. Findings in this study provide important implications for the control and prevention of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiguang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongchen Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Experimental Senecavirus A Infection of Bovine Cell Lines and Colostrum-Deprived Calves. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122809. [PMID: 36560813 PMCID: PMC9784627 DOI: 10.3390/v14122809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a causative agent for vesicular disease in swine, which is clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases of swine including foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Recently, it was reported that buffalo in Guangdong, China were experiencing clinical symptoms similar to FMD including mouth ulcers and lameness tested positive for SVA. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of cattle (Bos taurus) to SVA infection. Initial in vitro work using the PrimeFlow assay demonstrated that bovine cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle were susceptible to SVA infection. Subsequently, six colostrum-deprived Holstein calves were challenged with SVA intranasally. No vesicular lesions were observed after challenge. Serum, oral, nasal, and rectal swabs tested for SVA nucleic acid did not support significant viral replication and there was no evidence of seroconversion. Therefore, demonstrating cattle from this study were not susceptible to experimental SVA infection.
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Jia M, Sun M, Tang YD, Zhang YY, Wang H, Cai X, Meng F. Senecavirus A Entry Into Host Cells Is Dependent on the Cholesterol-Mediated Endocytic Pathway. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:840655. [PMID: 35498725 PMCID: PMC9040607 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.840655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), an important member of the Picornaviridae family, causes vesicular disease in pigs. Here, we generated an EGFP-expressing recombinant SVA re-SVA-EGFP, which exhibited similar growth kinetics to its parental virus. The reporter SVA was used to study the role of pig ANTXR1 (pANTXR1) in SVA infection in a porcine alveolar macrophage cell line (PAM-Tang cells). Knockdown of the pANTXR1 significantly reduced SVA infection and replication in PAM-Tang cells, while re-expression of the pANTXR1 promoted the cell susceptibility to SVA infection. The results indicated that pANTXR1 is a crucial receptor mediating SVA infection. Subsequently, the viral endocytosis pathways for SVA entry into pig cells were investigated and the results showed that cholesterol played an essential role in receptor-mediated SVA entry. Together, these results demonstrated that SVA entered into host cells through the pANTXR1-mediated cholesterol pathway. Our findings provide potential targets to develop antiviral drugs for the prevention of SVA infection in the pig population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehui Cai
| | - Fandan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Fandan Meng
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