Distribution and Clinical Significance of IL-17A in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Potential of gamma/delta T cells for solid tumor immunotherapy

Gamma/delta T (γδ T)cells possess a unique mechanism for killing tumors, making them highly promising and distinguished among various cell therapies for tumor treatment. This review focuses on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent recognition of antigens and the interaction between γδ T cells and solid tumor cells. A comprehensive review is provided regarding the classification of human gamma-delta T cell subtypes, the characteristics and mechanisms underlying their functions, as well as their r545egulatory effects on tumor cells. The involvement of γδ T cells in tumorigenesis and migration was also investigated, encompassing potential therapeutic targets such as apoptosis-related molecules, the TNF receptor superfamily member 6(FAS)/FAS Ligand (FASL) pathways, butyrophilin 3A-butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN3A-BTN2A1) complexes, and interactions with CD4, CD8, and natural killer (NK) cells. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed cell death protein 1/Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) have the potential to augment the cytotoxicity of γδ T cells. Moreover, a review on gamma-delta T cell therapy products and their corresponding clinical trials reveals that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gamma-delta T therapy holds promise as an approach with encouraging preclinical outcomes. However, practical issues pertaining to manufacturing and clinical aspects need resolution, and further research is required to investigate the long-term clinical side effects of CAR T cells. In conclusion, more comprehensive studies are necessary to establish standardized treatment protocols aimed at enhancing the quality of life and survival rates among tumor patients utilizing γδ T cell immunotherapy.

IL-17A Drives Oxidative Stress and Cell Growth in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells: Potential Protective Action of Oleuropein

IL-17A drives inflammation and oxidative stress, affecting the progression of chronic lung diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and cystic fibrosis). Oleuropein (OLP) is a polyphenolic compound present in olive oil and widely included in the Mediterranean diet. It exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, oxidative stress resistance, and anticarcinogenic effects with a conceivable positive impact on human health. We hypothesized that OLP positively affects the mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell viability during proliferation, and cell growth in alveolar epithelial cells and tested its effect in a human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) in the presence of IL-17A. Our results show that OLP decreases the levels of oxidative stress (Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial membrane potential) and DNA damage (H2AX phosphorylation-ser139, Olive Tail Moment data) and increases cell apoptosis in A549 cells exposed to IL-17A. Furthermore, OLP decreases the number of viable cells during proliferation, the migratory potential (Scratch test), and the single cell capacity to grow within colonies as a cancer phenotype in A549 cells exposed to IL-17A. In conclusion, we suggest that OLP might be useful to protect lung epithelial cells from oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell growth, and cell apoptosis. This effect might be exerted in lung diseases by the downregulation of IL-17A activities. Our results suggest a positive effect of the components of olive oil on human lung health.

Targeting interleukin-17 in radiation-induced toxicity and cancer progression

Recent strategies to combine chemoradiation with immunotherapy to treat locally advanced lung cancer have improved five-year survival outcomes. However, collateral toxicity to healthy lungs, esophagus, cardiac, and vascular tissue continues to limit the effectiveness of curative-intent thoracic radiation (tRT). It is necessary to gain a deeper comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms underlying inflammation-mediated radiation-induced damage to normal cells. Several cells have been linked in published studies to the release of cytokines and chemokines after radiation therapy. Several inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β, also cause the production of Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine that is essential for maintaining immunological homeostasis and plays a role in the toxicity caused by radiation therapy. However, currently, the role of IL-17 in RT-induced toxicity in conjunction with cancer progression remains poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the most recent data from the literature implicating IL-17 in radiation-mediated tissue injuries and the efficacy of tRT in lung cancer, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target for interventions to reduce the side effects of tRT with curative intent and to boost an anti-tumor immune response to improve treatment outcomes. IL-17 may also act as a biomarker for predicting the effectiveness of a given treatment as well as the toxicity caused by tRT.

The role of IL-17 in lung cancer growth

Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is an inflammatory cytokine with multiple roles in immune protection, immunopathology, and inflammation-related tumors. Lung cancer is inflammation-related cancer, and a large number of studies have shown that IL-17 contributes to the metastasis and progression of lung cancer. However, some studies have shown that IL17 inhibits the occurrence of lung cancer. At present, there is still some controversy about the role of IL17 in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. This review introduces the basic characteristics of IL-17 and focuses on its role in lung cancer, in order to provide a certain theoretical basis for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer.

Sustaining the Activation of EGFR Signal by Inflammatory Cytokine IL17A Prompts Cell Proliferation and EGFR-TKI Resistance in Lung Cancer

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a typical inflammation-associated cancer, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common pathological subtype. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) mutations are the most common driver mutations of LUAD, and they have been identified as important therapeutic targets by EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-17A, and IL-17A-producing cells were reported to be elevated in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood of NSCLC patients and to be correlated with tumor progression and poor prognoses. However, the pathophysiological role of IL-17A in NSCLC remains unclear, although some studies suggested its involvement in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Herein, we observed that expressions of IL-17A and its receptor, IL-17 receptor C (IL-17RC), were elevated in LUAD tissues and were correlated with poor survival in different lung cancer cohorts. In LUAD cells with mutant EGFR, the IL-17A/IL-17RC axis was shown to enhance phosphorylation of EGFR and Met, thereby promoting proliferation and resistance to EGFR-TKIs such as afatinib. In LUAD cells with wild-type (WT) EGFR, we found that the IL-17A/IL-17RC axis enhanced EGF-induced EGFR activation and cell proliferation through causing impairment of EGF-induced EGFR lysosomal degradation. Collectively, our results indicated diverse impacts of the IL-17A/IL-17RC axis on EGFR activation in LUAD cells with WT and mutant EGFR and suggested that developing therapeutic strategies against IL-17A/IL-17RC would be valuable for LUAD treatment.

SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PAAD) is usually found when it is already in its advanced stage, which has limited options available for treatment and poor overall survival. The SDR16C5 gene is necessary for embryonic and adult tissue differentiation, development, and apoptosis, and it also participates in immune response and regulates energy metabolism. However, the role of SDR16C5 in PAAD remains unclear. In this study, we find that SDR16C5 was highly expressed in multiple tumors including PAAD. Furthermore, higher expression of SDR16C5 was significantly associated with poorer survival. We also find that the knockdown of SDR16C5 can inhibit PAAD cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis by repressing Bcl-2, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 9 protein expression. Moreover, silencing SDR16C5 inhibits the migration of PANC-1 and SW1990 cells by interrupting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. KEGG pathway analysis and immunofluorescence staining indicate that SDR16C5 is associated with immunity and may also participate in the development of PAAD through the IL-17 signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that SDR16C5 is overexpressed in PAAD patients and promotes its proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis-inhibition of PAAD cells. Thus, SDR16C5 may be a potential prognostic and therapeutic target.