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Badri M, Olfatifar M, Hayati A, Bijani B, Samimi R, Abdoli A, Nowak O, Diaz D, Eslahi AV. The global prevalence and associated risk factors of Eimeria infection in domestic chickens: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1469. [PMID: 38814576 PMCID: PMC11138244 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eimeria is a protozoan parasite that affects poultry, particularly chickens, causing a disease known as coccidiosis. This disease imposes substantial significant economic challenges to the poultry sector. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to estimate the global prevalence and associated risk factors of Eimeria in domestic chickens. METHODS Multiple databases (Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for articles published until June 2023. The pooled prevalence was estimated using a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval. The statistical analysis was conducted using meta packages in R version (3.6.1). RESULTS In total, 41 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The global pooled prevalence was 44.3% (36.9%-51.8%) with Eimeria tenella (38.7%, 30.1%-47.7%) as the most prevalent species. The highest pooled prevalence was related to the Western Pacific Region (80.5%, 72.6%-87.3%) and urban areas (44.4%, 36.5%-52.6%). Moreover, areas with humid subtropical climates represent the highest overall prevalence (75.8%, 46.6%-95.9%). CONCLUSION The necessity for robust and innovative strategies for preventing and managing this disease cannot be overstated. Addressing Eimeria impact is crucial not only for safeguarding poultry health but also for sustaining the economic viability of the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Badri
- Medical Microbiology Research CenterQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research CenterQom University of Medical SciencesQomIran
| | - Alireza Hayati
- Students' Research Committee (SRC)Qazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Behzad Bijani
- Medical Microbiology Research CenterQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Rasoul Samimi
- Medical Microbiology Research CenterQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research CenterJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
- Department of Parasitology and MycologyJahrom University of Medical SciencesJahromIran
| | - Oskar Nowak
- Institute of Human Biology and EvolutionFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CopilcoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Aida Vafae Eslahi
- Medical Microbiology Research CenterQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
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Peng F, Duan J, He X, Xie K, Song Z. Effects of dietary water-soluble extract of rosemary supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers infected with Eimeria tenella. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae118. [PMID: 38682892 PMCID: PMC11103105 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the effect of dietary supplementation of water-soluble extract of rosemary (WER) on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers infected with Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), and evaluate the anticoccidial activity of WER. 360 1-d-old Chinese indigenous male yellow-feathered broiler chickens were randomly allocated to six groups: blank control (BC) group and infected control (IC) group received a basal diet; positive control (PC) group, received a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg diclazuril; WER100, WER200, and WER300 groups received a basal diet containing 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg WER, respectively. On day 21, all birds in the infected groups (IC, PC, WER100, WER200, and WER300) were orally gavaged with 1 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) of 8 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, and birds in the BC group were administrated an aliquot of PBS dilution. The results showed that dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg WER increased the average daily gain of broilers compared to the IC group from days 22 to 29 (P < 0.001). The anticoccidial index values of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg WER were 137.49, 157.41, and 144.22, respectively, which indicated that WER exhibited moderate anticoccidial activity. Compared to the IC group, the groups supplemented with WER (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) significantly lowered fecal oocyst output (P < 0.001) and cecal coccidia oocysts, alleviated intestinal damage and maintained the integrity of intestinal epithelium. Dietary supplementation with WER significantly improved antioxidant capacity, elevated the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A, and diminished inflammation within the cecum, particularly at a dosage of 200 mg/kg. The results of this study indicated that dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg WER could improve broiler growth performance and alleviate intestinal damage caused by coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
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Qaid MM, Al-Mufarrej SI, Al-Garadi MA, Al-Haidary AA. Effects of Rumex nervosus leaf powder supplementation on carcasses compositions, small intestine dimensions, breasts color quality, economic feasibility in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102943. [PMID: 37523995 PMCID: PMC10403739 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcass characteristics, product quality, and the conversion of feed into meat with higher performance and feasibility are important determinants of the profitability and sustainability of any poultry enterprise. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of Rumex nervosus leaf powder (RNLP) on carcass composition, small intestine dimensions, breast color quality, and economic feasibility of Ross broiler chickens. A total of 122 broilers were randomly distributed evenly among 4 treatments (0, 1, 3, and 5 g RNLP/ kg diet, n = 5 replicates per treatment, with 6 broilers per replicate: 3 ♀ and 3 ♂). Performance and economic data were collected in each replicate during the experiment. One male bird from each replication was examined for other criteria on d 34. Results showed that broilers fed 3 g of RNLP had a higher eviscerated carcass weight and dressing percentage (P < 0.05) than the control. The RNLP-fed broilers had higher weights and thicknesses in the duodenum and jejunum of up to 5 g and in the ileum and overall small intestine of up to 3 g. Broilers fed the lowest levels of RNLP had the highest revenue and net gain and the lowest cost-benefit ratio compared with those fed the highest levels of RNLP. The results indicate that the addition of RNLP has a positive effect on carcass processing, the intestinal measurements, and profitability ratios of the broilers. The 1 g RNLP/kg feed is the recommended dose to increase productivity and economic profitability ratios per kilogram of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud I Al-Mufarrej
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Haidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Sun H, Su X, Fu Y, Hao L, Zhou W, Zhou Z, huang J, Wang Y, Shi T. Pathogenicity and drug resistance of the Eimeria tenella isolate from Yiwu, Zhejiang province, eastern China. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102845. [PMID: 37441842 PMCID: PMC10404733 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken coccidiosis can cause severe enteritis with high mortality, which causes serious economic losses to the global breeding industry each year. The most virulent species is Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), but the infectivity of different E. tenella varies among geographic strains. At present, there are no reports related to the pathogenicity and drug resistance of E. tenella in Yiwu, Zhejiang province, China. A total of 600 fecal samples were collected from 10 farms in Zhejiang province, the overall oocyst prevalence was 54.2% (325/600). The prevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in chickens under 40 d (97.5%) than that in chickens between 60 and 85-days-old (40.5%) and chickens over 90-days-old (24.5%). E. tenella stain was isolated from fecal samples of chickens in Yiwu and the pathogenicity of this isolate was determined, and then we recorded the survival rate, bloody stool score, lesion score, average weight gain. The results showed that all of the chickens infected with 5 × 105 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella died after the seventh day of infection, the bloody stool score and average lesion score of chickens from group 1 (5 × 105), group 2 (5 × 104), group 3 (5 × 103) and group 4 (5 × 102) decreased successively; the average weight gain (g) and relative weight gain (%) increased successively; the weight gain of the low-dose E. tenella infection groups (5 × 103 and 5 × 102) were higher than the other 2 groups (5 × 105 and 5 × 104) (P < 0.05). Finally, The E. tenella isolate was tested for sensitivity to 6 anticoccidial drugs (sulfachloropyrazine sodium, amproline, toltrazuril, clopidol, salinomycin, and nicarbazine) using 4 indexes including anticoccidial index(ACI), percent of optimum anticoccidial activity (POAA), reduction of lesion scores (RLS), and relative oocyst production (ROP). The results showed that this isolate has developed severe resistance to drugs of salinomycin and nicarbazine, moderate resistance to amproline and clopidol, slight resistance to toltrazuril, while the E. tenella isolate performed more sensitive to sulfachloropyrazine sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Sun
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, PR China
| | - Xinyao Su
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, PR China
- Department of Animal Parasitology, College of Animal &Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, PR China
| | - Lili Hao
- Department of Animal Parasitology, College of Animal &Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Veterinary medicine and feed, Zhejiang Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311199, PR China
| | - Zhijin Zhou
- Department of Veterinary medicine and feed, Zhejiang Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311199, PR China
| | - Jing huang
- Department of Veterinary medicine and feed, Zhejiang Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311199, PR China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Hangzhou Caiyang Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311321, PR China
| | - Tuanyuan Shi
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, PR China
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Konmy B, Olounladé PA, Adjobimey T, Dansou CC, Adoho ACC, Tchetan E, Alowanou GG, Azando EVB, Adjanohoun A, Doko Allou SY, Baba-Moussa L. In vivo anticoccidial activity and immune response of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina leaves against Eimeria magna and Eimeria media in rabbits. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1173138. [PMID: 37274317 PMCID: PMC10232876 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1173138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aims of this study were to determine the immune response and the anticoccidial activity induced by Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina leaves in rabbits infected with Eimeria magna and Eimeria media. Methods Thirty-five-day-old rabbits, free from coccidia, were infested with 2.103 oocysts of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media, then received the acetone extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina at different doses by oral gavage. Results and discussion The inhibition of the excretion of oocysts was evaluated by the McMaster technique and the levels of cytokines (IL-4 and IL-12) and immunoglobulin IgG were assayed by the ELISA method. The in vivo efficacy on E. magna and E. media oocysts was 95.43% and 96.53% for Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina at 1000 mg/kg bw against 98% for the positive control. Interestingly the plant extracts increased the production of interleukin (IL) and immunoglobulins (Ig) compared to controls. Plasma IL-4 levels (pg/ml) in rabbits were 128.94 and 131.38; those of IL-12 (pg/ml) were 395.55 and 426.56, and then for those of IgG (μg/ml) were 14.70 and 13.94 respectively with the acetone extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina on D14 PT at 1000 mg/kg bw. This study indicates that Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina can be used as an alternative to synthetic anticoccidials. These plants could be used to increase the resistance of the immune system of rabbits to infestations of Eimeria species in rabbit farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Konmy
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, School of Management and Operation of Livestock Systems, National University of Agriculture, Porto-Novo, Benin
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology and Animal Health, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Pascal Abiodoun Olounladé
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, School of Management and Operation of Livestock Systems, National University of Agriculture, Porto-Novo, Benin
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology and Animal Health, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Tomabu Adjobimey
- Unité de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Christian Cocou Dansou
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, School of Management and Operation of Livestock Systems, National University of Agriculture, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Akouavi Carine Chimène Adoho
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, School of Management and Operation of Livestock Systems, National University of Agriculture, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Esaïe Tchetan
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, School of Management and Operation of Livestock Systems, National University of Agriculture, Porto-Novo, Benin
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology and Animal Health, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Georcelin Goué Alowanou
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology and Animal Health, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Adolphe Adjanohoun
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Sanni-yo Doko Allou
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, School of Management and Operation of Livestock Systems, National University of Agriculture, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Lamine Baba-Moussa
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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Combinatorial Effect of Dietary Oregano Extracts and 3,4,5-Trihydroxy Benzoic Acid on Growth Performance and Elimination of Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:233-246. [PMID: 35989693 PMCID: PMC9346594 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the combinatorial effect of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THB) and oregano extracts (OE) with THB alone on the growth performance and elimination of deleterious effects in coccidiosis-infected broilers. A total of 210 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments, with six replicates each, for 35 days. Dietary treatments were: 1) non-challenged, non-treated (NC); 2) challenged, non-treated (PC); 3) PC+ Salinomycin (0.05 g/kg; AB); 4) PC+THB (0.1 g/kg; THB); and 5) PC+THB+OE (0.1 g/kg; COM). On day 14, all groups except for NC were challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox® T anticoccidial vaccine to induce mild coccidiosis. All treatments significantly improved (P<0.05) body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake, compared to PC, on days 21, 28, and 35. However, all treatments significantly reduced (P<0.05) the feed conversion ratio of PC by more than 14.60% on day 35, 11.76% during growing period, and 10.36% through the entire period. Broilers receiving anticoccidial treatments had 54.23% and 51.86% lower lesion scores (P<0.05) at 4 and 7 days post-infection, respectively, compared to PC. Additionally, the villus height of COM was significantly longer (P < 0.05) than that of THB. Although the molecular action of COM remains unclear, OE addition to THB reduced the shedding of oocysts better than THB alone (P<0.05, 9-11 days post-infection). Most importantly, COM effectively minimized the mortality of challenged birds from as high as 11.90% (PC) to 0%, a level similar to NC and AB, while THB maintained a mortality of 2.38%. In conclusion, the anticoccidial effect of THB can be enhanced by the addition of OE for better animal performance and the elimination of deleterious effects from coccidiosis-infected broilers for 35 days.
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Shetshak MA, Suleiman MM, Jatau ID, Ameh MP, Akefe IO. Anticoccidial efficacy of Garcinia kola (Heckel H.) against experimental Eimeria tenella infection in chicks. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:1034-1048. [PMID: 34789987 PMCID: PMC8556448 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to advance commercial poultry production to cater to the essential protein needs of an ever-increasing population, however, the rampant occurrence of coccidiosis infection poses a threat to this achievement. This study evaluated the in vivo anticoccidial activities of the extracts and fractions of Garcinia kola against experimental Eimeria tenella infection using broiler chickens as experimental subjects. A total of 40 broiler chicks were experimentally infected with E. tenella and assigned randomly into five groups consisting of eight chicks each. Three days post experimental infection groups I and II were administered orally with tween 80 (0.8%) and Amprolium (30 mg/kg) and served as untreated and treated control groups, respectively whereas Groups III, IV, and V were administered orally with crude methanol extract (CME) at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively, for five consecutive days. Daily weight gains were recorded and faecal oocysts per gram (OPG) counts were made by the McMaster Egg counting technique. Blood samples from each experimental group were collected on days 0, 3, 6, and 8 for haematological examination. In the acute toxicity studies, the CME of G. kola did not produce any toxic effect or mortality at doses between 10 and 5000 mg/kg. The CME G. kola was then considered safe and the LD50 was assumed to be > 5000 mg/kg. Graded doses of CME of G. kola considerably (P < 0.05) improved body weight gain and decreased OPG in a dose-depended manner. There was also significant improvement in the Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC) counts upon treatment with the graded doses of CME of G. kola. Besides, G. kola significantly decreased histopathological lesions in the caecum. The results of this study indicates that G. kola may provide beneficial effects against E. tenella-induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Shetshak
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M M Suleiman
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - I D Jatau
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M P Ameh
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - I O Akefe
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
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Qaid MM, Al-Mufarrej SI, Azzam MM, Al-Garadi MA, Alqhtani AH, H. Fazea E, Suliman GM, Alhidary IA. Effect of Rumex nervosus Leaf Powder on the Breast Meat Quality, Carcass Traits, and Performance Indices of Eimeria tenella Oocyst-Infected Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1551. [PMID: 34073376 PMCID: PMC8228268 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the effect of using the RNL on performance indices, carcass trait, and meat quality of broiler chicken infected with Eimeria tenella compared with commercially used anticoccidials salinomycin. Moreover, we compare these selected variables between infected medicated groups and a non-infected unmedicated group (UUT) and an infected unmedicated group (IUT). A total of 150 1-day-old Ross 308 mixed-sex broilers were divided into 6 groups. Birds in groups 1, 2, and 3 were fed basic diets supplemented with 1, 3, and 5 g of RNL/kg diet, respectively. Group 4 received a basic diet with 66 mg of salinomycin. The control groups (5 and 6) were given a basic diet with no RNL or salinomycin added. All groups except the negative controls were challenged with Eimeria tenella at 21 days old. Birds in RNL groups outperformed those in the IUT group in performance indices, and they have a similar effect to the salinomycin group. Enhancement-infected birds with RNL affected some chickens' carcass traits. Drip loss, water-holding capacity, and meat tenderness were improved by RNL inclusion (1 g) in the diet. In conclusion, the meat of infected birds receiving 1 g RNL had increased quality attributes, with preferable tenderness and springiness when compared to the IUT group. RNL could therefore also be considered a promising non-conventional feed source in the future. Further research is needed to optimize the use of RNL to improve broilers production and meat quality in both infected and non-infected conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Qaid
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar 13020, Yemen
| | - Saud I. Al-Mufarrej
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Mahmoud M. Azzam
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Maged A. Al-Garadi
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar 13020, Yemen
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Esam H. Fazea
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Gamaleldin M. Suliman
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
- Department of Meat Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
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