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Zhang W, Ren F, Zang C, Yang F, Li X, Huang X, Chen K, Li X. Effects of dietary addition of ellagic acid on rumen metabolism, nutrient apparent digestibility, and growth performance in Kazakh sheep. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1334026. [PMID: 38379922 PMCID: PMC10877003 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1334026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts have shown promise as natural feed additives to improve animal health and growth. Ellagic acid (EA), widely present in various plant tissues, offers diverse biological benefits. However, limited research has explored its effects on ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary addition EA on rumen metabolism, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and growth performance in Kazakh sheep. Ten 5-month-old Kazakh sheep with similar body weight (BW), fitted with rumen fistulas, were randomly assigned to two groups: the CON group (basal diet) and the EA group (basal diet + 30 mg/kg BW EA). The experiment lasted 30 days, and individual growth performance was assessed under identical feeding and management conditions. During the experimental period, rumen fluid, fecal, and blood samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated a trend toward increased average daily gain in the EA group compared to the CON group (p = 0.094). Compared with the CON group, the rumen contents of acetic acid and propionic acid were significantly increased in the EA group and reached the highest value at 2 h to 4 h after feeding (p < 0.05). Moreover, the relative abundances of specific rumen microbiota (Ruminococcaceae, uncultured_rumen_bacterium, unclassified_Prevotella, Bacteroidales, Bacteroidota, Bacteroidia, unclassified_Rikenellaceae, and Prevotella_spBP1_145) at the family and genus levels were significantly higher in the EA group (p < 0.05) compared to the CON group. The EA group exhibited significantly higher dry matter intake (p < 0.05) and increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and ether extract when compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the plasma activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly higher, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly lower in the EA group compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 30 mg/kg BW EA in 5-month-old Kazakh sheep increased the dry matter intakQ16e, apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, and ether extract, as well as the contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in rumen fluid. Moreover, EA supplementation regulated the ruminal microbiota, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and improved daily weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaixu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat & Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat & Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Son AR, Kim SH, Islam M, Miguel M, Naing YP, Lee SS. Effect of organic mineral supplementation in reducing oxidative stress in Holstein calves during short-term heat stress and recovery conditions. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:156. [PMID: 38129915 PMCID: PMC10740304 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of inorganic and organic minerals on physiological responses, oxidative stress reduction, and rumen microbiota in Holstein bull calves (123.81 ± 9.76 kg; 5 months old) during short-term heat stress (HS) and recovery periods. Eight Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: no mineral supplementation (Con), inorganic minerals (IM), organic minerals (OM), and high-concentration organic minerals (HOM) and two thermal environments (HS and recovery) using 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a crossover design of four periods of 35 d. Calves were maintained in a temperature-controlled barn. The experimental period consisted of 14 d of HS, 14 d of recovery condititon, and a 7-d washing period. RESULTS Body temperature and respiration rate were higher in HS than in the recovery conditions (P < 0.05). Selenium concentration in serum was high in the HOM-supplemented calves in both HS (90.38 μg/dL) and recovery periods (102.00 μg/dL) (P < 0.05). During the HS period, the serum cortisol was 20.26 ng/mL in the HOM group, which was 5.60 ng/mL lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant status was the highest in the OM group (2.71 mmol Trolox equivalent/L), followed by the HOM group during HS, whereas it was highest in the HOM group (2.58 mmol Trolox equivalent/L) during the recovery period (P < 0.05). Plasma malondialdehyde and HSP70 levels were decreased by HOM supplementation during the HS and recovery periods, whereas SOD and GPX levels were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis represented that the overall rumen microbiota was not influenced by mineral supplementation; however, temperature-induced microbial structure shifts were indicated (PERMANOVA: P < 0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased, whereas Fibrobacteres, Spirochaetes, and Tenericutes increased (P < 0.05), under HS conditions. The genus Treponema increased under HS conditions, while Christensenella was higher in recovery conditions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HOM supplementation during HS reduced cortisol concentrations and increased total antioxidant status in Holstein bull calves, suggesting that high organic mineral supplementation may alleviate the adverse effects of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Son
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Michelle Miguel
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Ye Pyae Naing
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea.
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Ku MJ, Miguel MA, Kim SH, Jeong CD, Ramos SC, Son AR, Cho YI, Lee SS, Lee SS. Effects of Italian ryegrass silage-based total mixed ration on rumen fermentation, growth performance, blood metabolites, and bacterial communities of growing Hanwoo heifers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:951-970. [PMID: 37969342 PMCID: PMC10640938 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) - based total mixed ration (TMR) as feedstuff and evaluated its effects on rumen fermentation, growth performance, blood parameters, and bacterial community in growing Hanwoo heifers. Twenty-seven Hanwoo heifers (body weight [BW], 225.11 ± 10.57 kg) were randomly allocated to three experimental diets. Heifers were fed 1 of 3 treatments as follows: TMR with oat, timothy, and alfalfa hay (CON), TMR with 19% of IRGS (L-IRGS), and TMR with 36% of IRGS (H-IRGS). Feeding high levels of IRGS (H-IRGS) and CON TMR to heifers resulted in a greater molar proportion of propionate in the rumen. The impact of different TMR diets on the BW, average daily gain, dry matter intake, and feed conversion ratio of Hanwoo heifers during the growing period did not differ (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the blood metabolites, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, and total cholesterol of the heifers were not affected by the different TMR diets (p > 0.05). In terms of rumen bacterial community composition, 264 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed across the three TMR diets with 240, 239, and 220 OTUs in CON, L-IRGS, and H-IRGS, respectively. IRGS-based diets increased the relative abundances of genera belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes but decreased the abundances of genus belonging to phylum Firmicutes compared with the control. Data showed that Bacteroidetes was the most dominant phylum, while Prevotella ruminicola was the dominant species across the three TMR groups. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus bromii in the rumen increased in heifers fed with high inclusion of IRGS in the TMR (H-IRGS TMR). The relative abundance of R. bromii in the rumen significantly increased when heifers were fed H-IRGS TMR while P. ruminicola increased in both L-IRGS and H-IRGS TMR groups. Results from the current study demonstrate that the inclusion of IRGS in the TMR is comparable with the TMR containing high-quality forage (CON). Thus, a high level of IRGS can be used as a replacement forage ingredient in TMR feeding and had a beneficial effect of possibly modulating the rumen bacterial community toward mainly propionate-producing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Ku
- Livestock Research Institute, Jeonnam
Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Gangjin 59213,
Korea
| | - Michelle A. Miguel
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Chang-Dae Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Sonny C. Ramos
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - A-Rang Son
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Yong-Il Cho
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Sung-Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science
and University-Centered Laboratory, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
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Cui X, Wang Z, Fan Q, Chang S, Yan T, Hou F. Ligularia virgaurea improved nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial composition in Tibetan sheep grazing on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in winter. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Eom JS, Park DS, Lee SJ, Gu BH, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Kim SH, Kim BW, Lee SS, Kim M. Metabolomic and transcriptomic study to understand changes in metabolic and immune responses in steers under heat stress. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:87-101. [PMID: 36189376 PMCID: PMC9483736 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) damages livestock by adversely affecting physiological and immunological functions. However, fundamental understanding of the metabolic and immunological mechanisms in animals under HS remains elusive, particularly in steers. To understand the changes on metabolic and immune responses in steers under HS condition, we performed RNA-sequencing and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomics on HS-free (THI value: 64.92 ± 0.56) and HS-exposed (THI value: 79.13 ± 0.56) Jersey steer (n = 8, body weight: 559.67 ± 32.72 kg). This study clarifies the metabolic changes in 3 biofluids (rumen fluid, serum, and urine) and the immune responses observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HS-exposed steers. This integrated approach allowed the discovery of HS-sensitive metabolic and immunological pathways. The metabolomic analysis indicated that HS-exposed steers showed potential HS biomarkers such as isocitrate, formate, creatine, and riboflavin (P < 0.05). Among them, there were several integrative metabolic pathways between rumen fluid and serum. Furthermore, HS altered mRNA expression and immune-related signaling pathways. A meta-analysis revealed that HS decreased riboflavin metabolism and the expression of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism-related genes. Moreover, metabolic pathways, such as the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway, were downregulated in immune cells by HS (P < 0.05). These findings, along with the datasets of pathways and phenotypic differences as potential biomarkers in steers, can support more in-depth research to elucidate the inter-related metabolic and immunological pathways. This would help suggest new strategies to ameliorate the effects of HS, including disease susceptibility and metabolic disorders, in Jersey steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Som Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
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Son AR, Kim SH, Islam M, Oh SJ, Paik MJ, Lee SS, Lee SS. Higher Concentration of Dietary Selenium, Zinc, and Copper Complex Reduces Heat Stress-Associated Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Alteration in the Blood of Holstein and Jersey Steers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223104. [PMID: 36428332 PMCID: PMC9686896 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of high concentrations of dietary minerals on reducing heat stress (HS)-associated oxidative stress and metabolic alterations in the blood of Holstein and Jersey steers. Holstein steers and Jersey steers were separately maintained under a 3 × 3 Latin square design during the summer conditions. For each trial, the treatments included Control (Con; fed basal TMR without additional mineral supplementation), NM (NRC recommended mineral supplementation group; [basal TMR + (Se 0.1 ppm + Zn 30 ppm + Cu 10 ppm) as DM basis]), and HM (higher than NRC recommended mineral supplementation group; [basal TMR + (Se 3.5 ppm + Zn 350 ppm + Cu 28 ppm) as DM basis]). Blood samples were collected at the end of each 20-day feeding trial. In both breeds, a higher superoxide dismutase concentration (U/mL) along with lower HSP27 (μg/L) and HSP70 (μg/L) concentrations were observed in both mineral-supplemented groups compared to the Con group (p < 0.05). The HM group had significantly higher lactic acid levels in Jersey steers (p < 0.05), and tended to have higher alanine levels in Holstein steers (p = 0.051). Based on star pattern recognition analysis, the levels of succinic acid, malic acid, γ-linolenic acid, 13-methyltetradecanoic acid, and tyrosine decreased, whereas palmitoleic acid increased with increasing mineral concentrations in both breeds. Different treatment groups of both breeds were separated according to the VIP scores of the top 15 metabolites through PLS−DA analysis; however, their metabolic trend was mostly associated with the glucose homeostasis. Overall, the results suggested that supplementation with a higher-than-recommended concentration of dietary minerals rich in organic Se, as was the case in the HM group, would help to prevent HS-associated oxidative stress and metabolic alterations in Holstein and Jersey steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Son
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Song-Jin Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sung-Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Laboratory, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-61-750-3237
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Breed and Season-Specific Methane Conversion Factors Influence Methane Emission Factor for Enteric Methane of Dairy Steers. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the breed and the season-specific methane (CH4) conversion factor (Ym) and the emission factor (EF) for the enteric CH4 of dairy steers. The Ym values for Holstein and Jersey steers at different seasons were calculated using the IPCC 2006 equations by incorporating the input and/or output value of the chemical composition of feed, methane production, methane yield, dry matter intake, and methane energy emission. EFs were categorized into five types depending on the 2019 refinement to the IPCC 2006 Tier 2 equations used. EFA was calculated from Equation 10.21A (New), while other EFs were estimated from the Equation 10.21 which were designated according to the gross energy intake (GEI) and Ym as EFB (GEIi and Ym), EFC (GEIii and Ym), EFD (GEIii and Ym (6.3)), and EFE (GEIii and Ym (4.0)). The calculated overall Ym for Holstein and Jersey steers were 4.90 and 7.49, while the recorded EF of group EFA were 56.44 and 67.42 kg CH4/head/year for Holstein and Jersey steers, respectively. For Holstein steers, EFD was overestimated (75.91 vs. 48.20~58.15), while in Jersey steers, the EFF underestimated the EF (kg CH4/head/year) compared to others (40.15 vs. 63.24~73.28) (p < 0.05). Mixed analysis revealed that the breed influenced EFs of all the EF groups, while the season, and the breed × the season influenced EFs of group EFC, EFD, and EFF. The overall results recommended using the breed-specific Ym for the estimation of the EF for enteric methane in dairy steers.
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