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Melaku M, Su D, Zhao H, Zhong R, Ma T, Yi B, Chen L, Zhang H. The New Buffer Salt-Protected Sodium Butyrate Promotes Growth Performance by Improving Intestinal Histomorphology, Barrier Function, Antioxidative Capacity, and Microbiota Community of Broilers. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:317. [PMID: 38785799 PMCID: PMC11117952 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a commercial sodium butyrate protected by a new buffer salt solution (NSB) was tested to determine whether it can be used as an antibiotic alternative in broiler production. A total of 192 1-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments: soybean meal diet (CON), antibiotic diet (ANT, basal diet + 100 mg/kg aureomycin), and NSB (basal diet + 800 mg/kg NSB). The growth performance, serum anti-inflammatory cytokines, intestinal morphology, gut barrier function, antioxidative parameters, SCFAs' content, and cecal microbiota were analyzed. The result showed that NSB significantly improved ADFI and ADG (p < 0.01), and decreased FCR (p < 0.01). Serum anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was up-regulated (p < 0.01), and pro-inflammatory TNF-α was down-regulated (p < 0.05) by NSB supplementation. H&E results showed that VH and the VH/CD ratio significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the jejunum and ileum in the NSB group. Furthermore, ZO-1 (p < 0.01), claudin-1 (p < 0.01), and occludin (p < 0.05) in the jejunum and claudin-1 (p < 0.01) and mucin-2 (p < 0.05) in the ileum were significantly up-regulated in the NSB group. Additionally, SOD (p < 0.05) and the T-AOC/MDA ratio (p < 0.01) in the jejunum and SOD in the ileum were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the NSB group. The MDA level also significantly increased (p < 0.01) in the ANT group in the jejunum. Propionic acid (p < 0.05) and butyric acid (p < 0.01) content significantly increased in the NSB group in the jejunum and ileum segments. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in alpha and beta diversity among the groups. LEFSe analysis also indicated that Peptostreptococcaceae, Colidextribacter, Firmicutes, Oscillospira, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae, which promote SCFA production (p < 0.05), were identified as dominant taxon-enriched bacterial genera in the NSB group. The Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Colidextribacter with ADFI, ADG, VH, claudin-1 (p < 0.05), and unclassified_f__Peptostreptococcaceae with ADFI, IL-10, and ZO-1 were positively correlated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, ADFI and ADG with IL-10, claudin-1, SOD, T-AOC, and butyric acid (p < 0.05), and similarly, ADG with VH (p < 0.05), showed a positive correlation. In conclusion, NSB enhanced the growth performance by improving jejunum and ileum morphology, and serum anti-inflammatory cytokines, and by regulating the intestinal barrier function and antioxidant capacity, SCFAs' content, and cecum microbiota, showing its potential use as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebratu Melaku
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Woldia P.O. Box 400, Ethiopia
| | - Dan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huaibao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Teng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (D.S.); (H.Z.); (R.Z.); (L.C.); (H.Z.)
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Kinstler SR, Cloft SE, Siegel PB, Honaker CF, Maurer JJ, Wong EA. Early intestinal development of chickens divergently selected for high or low 8-wk body weight and a commercial broiler. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103538. [PMID: 38387293 PMCID: PMC10900922 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The early posthatch period is crucial to intestinal development, shaping long-term growth, metabolism, and health of the chick. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of genetic selection on morphological characteristics and gene expression during early intestinal development. Populations of White Plymouth Rocks have been selected for high weight (HWS) and low weight (LWS) for over 63 generations, and some LWS display symptoms of anorexia. Intestinal structure and function of these populations were compared to a commercial broiler Cobb 500 (Cobb) during the perihatch period. Egg weights, yolk-free embryo BW, yolk weights, and jejunal samples from HWS, LWS, and Cobb were collected on embryonic day (e) 17, e19, day of hatch, day (d) 3, d5, and d7 posthatch for histology and gene expression analysis. The RNAscope in-situ hybridization method was used to localize expression of the stem cell marker, olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4). Villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and VH/CD were measured from Olfm4 stained images using ImageJ. mRNA abundance for Olfm4, stem cell marker Lgr5, peptide transporter PepT1, goblet cell marker Muc2, marker of proliferation Ki67, and antimicrobial peptide LEAP2 were examined. Two-factor ANOVA was performed for measurements and Turkey's HSD was used for mean separation when appropriate. Cobb were heaviest and LWS the lightest (P < 0.01). at each timepoint. VH increased in Cobb and CD increased in HWS compared to LWS (P < 0.01). PepT1 mRNA was upregulated in LWS (P < 0.01), and Muc2 mRNA was decreased in both HWS and LWS compared to Cobb (P < 0.01). Selection for high or low 8-wk body weight has caused differences in intestinal gene expression and morphology when compared to a commercial broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara E Cloft
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Paul B Siegel
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - John J Maurer
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Eric A Wong
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Hernández-Martín M, Bocanegra A, Redondo-Castillejo R, Macho-González A, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Benedí J, Bastida S, García-Fernández RA, Garcimartín A, López-Oliva ME. Could Duodenal Molecular Mechanisms be Involved in the Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Silicon Used as Functional Ingredient in Late-Stage Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200104. [PMID: 36213967 PMCID: PMC10078384 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in the late-stage. Consumption of bioactive compounds as functional ingredients would help achieve therapeutic goals for cholesterolemia. Silicon has demonstrated a hypocholesterolemic effect and the ability to reduce fat digestion. However, it is unclear whether silicon exerts such effect in late-stage T2DM (LD) and the intestinal mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Three groups of eight rats were included: early-stage T2DM control (ED), LD, and the LD group treated with silicon (LD-Si) once the rats were diabetic. Morphological alterations of the duodenal mucosa, and levels of markers involve in cholesterol absorption and excretion, beside cholesterolemia, and fecal excretion were assayed. Silicon included as a functional ingredient significantly reduces cholesterolemia in part due to: 1) reducing cholesterol intestinal absorption by decreasing the absorptive area and Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase-2 (ACAT2) levels; and 2) increasing cholesterol excretion to the lumen by induction of the liver X receptor (LXR) and consequent increase of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter (ABCG5/8). CONCLUSIONS These results provide insight into the intestinal molecular mechanisms by which silicon reduces cholesterolemia and highlights the efficacy of the consumption of silicon-enriched functional foods in late-stage T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hernández-Martín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Rosa A García-Fernández
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Sztandarski P, Marchewka J, Konieczka P, Zdanowska-Sąsiadek Ż, Damaziak K, Riber AB, Gunnarsson S, Horbańczuk JO. Gut microbiota activity in chickens from two genetic lines and with outdoor-preferring, moderate-preferring, and indoor-preferring ranging profiles. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102039. [PMID: 35952604 PMCID: PMC9385685 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existing research into the gut microbiome of meat chickens, the associations between gut microbiome composition, its activity and chicken outdoor ranging frequency remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the gut microbiota composition, activity and metabolic products in chickens of 2 different lines and 3 ranging profiles. Sixty non-beak trimmed birds, either Sasso or Green-legged Partridge were housed with access to outdoor ranges from wk. 5 to 10 of age. Outdoor ranges were video recorded to obtain frequencies of the birds’ range use. The information about relative abundance of selected bacterial groups in the ceca including Lactobacillus spp., E. coli, Bifidobacterium spp., and Clostridium spp. was obtained with the PCR method. Gut microbiota activity was assessed based on the glycolytic activity of bacterial enzymes including, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, and β-glucuronidase as well as based on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the caecal digesta. Statistical analysis was conducted by generalized linear mixed models, applying the breed and ranging profile as fixed effects and pen as a random factor. The lowest relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. was found in the cecal content of indoor-preferring Sasso birds (0.01 ± 0.001), as compared to all other birds in the experiment (ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.11 ± 0.07; P = 0.0002). The lowest relative abundance of E. coli was identified for all outdoor-preferring birds and indoor- preferring Sasso birds (0.01 ± 0.001; P = 0.0087). Cecal activity of: α-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase was higher in Green-legged Partridges, as compared to Sasso (P = 0.013; P = 0.008; P = 0.004). Valeric acid concentrations were higher in moderate Green-legged Partridges than in Sasso of the same ranging profile (2.03 ± 0.16 vs. 1.5 ± 0.17; 0.016). The majority of the current results confirmed an effect of genotype and ranging profile on the various analyzed parameters. In outdoor-preferring birds, the consumption of pasture originating feed sources as a supplement to the indoor accessible cereal-based diet likely caused the positive effects on the birds’ microbial profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Sztandarski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Joanna Marchewka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Poultry Science and Apiculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Żaneta Zdanowska-Sąsiadek
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Damaziak
- Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anja B Riber
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), S-532 23 Skara, Sweden
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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Maqsood MA, Khan EU, Qaisrani SN, Rashid MA, Shaheen MS, Nazir A, Talib H, Ahmad S. Interactive effect of amino acids balanced at ideal lysine ratio and exogenous protease supplemented to low CP diet on growth performance, carcass traits, gut morphology, and serum metabolites in broiler chicken. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:186. [PMID: 35543886 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of amino acids balanced at a specific lysine ratio with exogenous protease supplementation and reduced CP levels in the broiler diet. In total, 480 straight-run broiler chicks (Ross-308) were used for the study. A completely randomized design in the factorial arrangement was applied, with 4 treatments of 6 replicates with 20 birds each. Treatments consisted of 2 lysine ratios (100% and 110%; factor 1) without or with exogenous protease supplementation (200 g/ton; factor 2). Twenty percent reduction of CP from standard requirements of Ross-308 (18.4% vs 23% in starter and 17.2% vs 21.5% in grower phase) was made in all the treatment diets. Growth performance (feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, livability), carcass traits (live and carcass weight, carcass yield, heart, liver, gizzard, leg quarter, breast weight, and abdominal fat percentage), gut morphology (villus height, crypt depth, and villus height and crypt depth ratio), and serum metabolites (total protein, albumin, and uric acid) were evaluated. A significant interaction (p ≤ 0.05) for lysine ratio and protease was noted in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits, and gut morphology throughout the experimental period yet a non-significant (p > 0.05) influence was observed on serum metabolites. It was concluded that the broiler diet with a net reduction of 20% CP from Ross-308 standards, balanced for amino acids at lysine ratio 110% and supplemented with exogenous protease, could be used to improve growth performance, intestinal health, and carcass traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel Maqsood
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ehsaan Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal Rashid
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shabir Shaheen
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Nazir
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Talib
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Ahmad
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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