An N-ethyl-N-Nitrosourea Mutagenesis Screen in Mice Reveals a Mutation in Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (Nrf1) Altering the DNA Methylation State and Correct Embryonic Development

Transgene mutagenesis in the testicular cells of Muta™Mouse treated transplacentally with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea at the primordial germ cell stages: Comparisons with the specific-locus test and the intragenic gene-recombination assay

N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) induces recessive mutations (RM) at a high frequency in male mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs)　in a dose-dependent and stage-specific manner when administered during embryonic development as confirmed by a specific locus test (SLT) (Shibuya et al., 1993, 1996 [1,2]). ENU also induces intragenic recombination (IGR) in the p^un allele at E10.5 in PGCs of male mice (Shibuya et al., 2022 [3]). In this study, the induced mutant frequencies (MF) in testicular cells of male Muta™Mousetreated at the same developmental stages of PGCs were determined with a positive selection system (MM/PS). Although the mutant frequencies　of MM/PS were consistently lower than for the SLT/RM, they showed similar stage-specificity and dose-dependency. Expressed as a linear equation, the correlation coefficient on the MF from SLT and MM/PS was extremely high (r² = 0.920).