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Zhao G, Niu Y, Wang H, Qin S, Zhang R, Wu Y, Xiao X, Xu Y, Yang C. Effects of three different plant-derived polysaccharides on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant function, and cecal microbiota of broilers. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:1020-1029. [PMID: 37718500 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of dietary plant polysaccharides on growth performance, immune status and intestinal health in broilers. We randomly divided 960 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks into four groups. The control (CON) group was fed a basal diet, and the remaining groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg kg-1 Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), or Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide (SMP) for 42 days. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with SMP significantly increased body weight (BW) at 21 and 42 days of age, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the starter and whole experimental period, decreased the concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and catalase (CAT) activity in the serum (P < 0.05). GPS, APS, and SMP supplementation increased serum levels of immunoglobulins, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and cecal concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid of broilers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing results showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes was decreased while the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Alistipes, and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group were increased (P < 0.05) in the GPS, APS, and SMP groups compared with the CON group. CONCLUSION Dietary GPS, APS, and SMP supplementation could improve growth performance, enhance immune function by increasing serum immunoglobulin and regulating cytokines, improve antioxidant function by increasing serum antioxidant enzyme activity, increase volatile fatty acid levels and improve the microbial composition in the cecum of broilers. Dietary SMP supplementation had the optimal effect in this study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huixian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songke Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
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Xu J, Jia Z, Xiao S, Long C, Wang L. Effects of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Challenge on Jejunal Morphology and Microbial Community Profiles in Weaned Crossbred Piglets. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2646. [PMID: 38004658 PMCID: PMC10672776 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of bacterial diarrhea in weaning piglets, which are vulnerable to changes in environment and feed. This study aimed to determine the effects of the ETEC challenge on piglet growth performance, diarrhea rate, jejunal microbial profile, jejunal morphology and goblet cell distribution. A total of 13 piglets from one litter were selected on postnatal day 21 and assigned to treatments with or without ETEC challenge at 1 × 108 CFUs, as ETEC group or control group, respectively. On postnatal day 28, samples were collected, followed by the detection of serum biochemical indexes and inflammatory indicators, HE staining, PAS staining and 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results showed that the growth performance decreased, while the diarrhea rate increased for the ETEC group. The jejunum is the main segment of the injured intestine during the ETEC challenge. Compared with the control, the ETEC group displayed fewer goblet cells in the jejunum, where goblet cells are more distributed at the crypt and less distributed at the villus. In addition, ETEC piglets possessed higher abundances of the genus Desulfovibrio, genus Oxalobacter and genus Peptococus and lower abundances of the genus Prevotella 2, genus Flavonifractor and genus Blautra. In terms of alpha diversity, Chao 1 and observed features indexes were both increased for the ETEC group. Our study provides insights into jejunal histopathological impairment and microbial variation in response to ETEC infection for weaned piglets and is a valuable reference for researchers engaged in animal health research to select stress models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (Z.J.); (S.X.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (Z.J.); (S.X.)
| | - Shu Xiao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (Z.J.); (S.X.)
| | - Cimin Long
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (Z.J.); (S.X.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Leli Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (Z.J.); (S.X.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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Han K, Dong H, Peng X, Sun J, Jiang H, Feng Y, Ding J, Xiao S. Transcriptome and the gut microbiome analysis of the impacts of Brucella abortus oral infection in BALB/c mice. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106278. [PMID: 37532208 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Brucella spp, which could cause serious economic losses to animal husbandry and threaten human public health. Ingestion of contaminated animal products is a common way to acquire Brucella infection in humans, while research on effect of oral Brucella infection on host gut microbiota and the gene expression in intestinal tissues is limited. In the present study, 16S rRNA sequencing and RNA sequencing were conducted to explore gut microbiota and expression profiles of mRNAs in the colon of BALB/c mice, which were infected by Brucella abortus 2308. The fecal samples were collected at 7 and 28 days post infection to observe changes in the gut microbiota during Brucella infection. In the alpha diversity analysis, significantly increased Chao 1 index was observed at 28 days after Brucella infection. The Bray-Curtis distancebased principal coordinate analysis indicated that the WT group showed a separation from the Brucella infection groups. In addition, analysis of composition of microbes revealed that Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group were more abundant in 1 week and 4 week infection groups, while Turicibacter was only more abundant in 4 week infection group. Based on the RNA-seq assay, a total of 45 differentially expressed genes were detected between Brucella abortus infection group and control group. Furthermore, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Legionellosis, Spliceosome, Hippo signaling pathway and Influenza A were significantly enriched in response to Brucella abortus infection. Our finding will help to improve the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying Brucella infection and may provide novel targets for future treatment of this pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Dong
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Feng
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Platani M, Sokefun O, Bassil E, Apidianakis Y. Genetic engineering and genome editing in plants, animals and humans: Facts and myths. Gene 2023; 856:147141. [PMID: 36574935 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human history is inextricably linked to the introduction of desirable heritable traits in plants and animals. Selective breeding (SB) predates our historical period and has been practiced since the advent of agriculture and farming more than ten thousand years ago. Since the 1970s, methods of direct plant and animal genome manipulation are constantly being developed. These are collectively described as "genetic engineering" (GE). Plant GE aims to improve nutritional value, insect resistance and weed control. Animal GE has focused on livestock improvement and disease control. GE applications also involve medical improvements intended to treat human disease. The scientific consensus built around marketed products of GE organisms (GEOs) is usually well established, noting significant benefits and low risks. GEOs are exhaustively scrutinized in the EU and many non-EU countries for their effects on human health and the environment, but scrutiny should be equally applied to all previously untested organisms derived directly from nature or through selective breeding. In fact, there is no evidence to suggest that natural or selectively bred plants and animals are in principle safer to humans than GEOs. Natural and selectively bred strains evolve over time via genetic mutations that can be as risky to humans and the environment as the mutations found in GEOs. Thus, previously untested plant and animal strains aimed for marketing should be proven useful or harmful to humans only upon comparative testing, regardless of their origin. Highlighting the scientific consensus declaring significant benefits and rather manageable risks provided by equitably accessed GEOs, can mitigate negative predispositions by policy makers and the public. Accordingly, we provide an overview of the underlying technologies and the scientific consensus to help resolve popular myths about the safety and usefulness of GEOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Platani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Owolabi Sokefun
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elias Bassil
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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