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Owaid HA, Al-Ouqaili MT. Molecular and bacteriological investigations for the co-existence CRISPR/Cas system and β-lactamases of types extended-spectrum and carbapenemases in Multidrug, extensive drug and Pandrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:104022. [PMID: 38817398 PMCID: PMC11137337 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent approach towards combating the antimicrobial resistance has led to the use of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and associated sequence to overcome the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, this study aimed to detect the underlying resistance mechanisms such as ESBLs and carbapenemases and whether there is a correlation between multidrug, extensive drug and pan drug resistance and the occurrence of CRISPR loci. A total of one hundred study isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the AST card of the Vitek technique to detect resistance patterns involving ESBLs and carbapenemase (CRE). An investigation of the genes encoding CRISPR/Cas systems using PCR was achieved. Out of 81 (81.0%) resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 71 (71%) and 21 (21.0%) produced ESBLs and carbapenemases, respectively. Also, 53 (53.0%), 19 (19.0%) and 9 (9.0%) were MDR, XDR, and PDR respectively. It was noted that Cas1, Cas3, CRISPR1, CRISPR2 and CRISPR3 were positive in 38 (38.0%) of the isolates, while CRISPR1 for incomplete CRISPR1-Cas systems alone was detected in 78 (78.0%). Further, the number of intact CRISPR1, intact CRISPR2 and intact CRISPR3 types were 7 (27.0%), 34 (34%) and 18 (18.0%) respectively. It is concluded that antibiotic resistance levels were inversely correlated with the existence of CRISPR/Cas systems. The absence of the CRISPR/Cas system increases the prevalence of MDR, XDR and PDR in ESBL and carbapenem-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. With the increase in the degree of antibiotic resistance (MDR, XDR to PDR), the occurrence ratio of the (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated sequence decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hekmat A. Owaid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Mushtak T.S. Al-Ouqaili
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar Governorate, Ramadi, Iraq
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Soria-Segarra C, Soria-Segarra C, Molina-Matute M, Agreda-Orellana I, Núñez-Quezada T, Cevallos-Apolo K, Miranda-Ayala M, Salazar-Tamayo G, Galarza-Herrera M, Vega-Hall V, Villacis JE, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli in Ecuador. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:378. [PMID: 38582858 PMCID: PMC10998298 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli are a worldwide concern because of high morbidity and mortality rates. Additionally, the increasing prevalence of these bacteria is dangerous. To investigate the extent of antimicrobial resistance and prioritize the utility of novel drugs, we evaluated the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in Ecuador in 2022. METHODS Ninety-five clinical isolates of carbapenem non-susceptible gram-negative bacilli were collected from six hospitals in Ecuador. Carbapenem resistance was confirmed with meropenem disk diffusion assays following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Carbapenemase production was tested using a modified carbapenemase inactivation method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested with a disk diffusion assay, the Vitek 2 System, and gradient diffusion strips. Broth microdilution assays were used to assess colistin susceptibility. All the isolates were screened for the blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, blaVIM and blaIMP genes. In addition, A. baumannii isolates were screened for the blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58 and blaOXA-24/40 genes. RESULTS Carbapenemase production was observed in 96.84% of the isolates. The blaKPC, blaNDM and blaOXA-48 genes were detected in Enterobacterales, with blaKPC being predominant. The blaVIM gene was detected in P. aeruginosa, and blaOXA-24/40 predominated in A. baumannii. Most of the isolates showed co-resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Both ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam were active against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli that produce serin-carbapenemases. CONCLUSION The epidemiology of carbapenem resistance in Ecuador is dominated by carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae harbouring blaKPC. Extensively drug resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii were identified, and their identification revealed the urgent need to implement strategies to reduce the dissemination of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Soria-Segarra
- Sosecali, Medical Services, Guayaquil, EC, 090308, Ecuador.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Guayaquil University, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada & ibs, Granada, Spain.
| | - Carmen Soria-Segarra
- Sosecali, Medical Services, Guayaquil, EC, 090308, Ecuador
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Tamara Núñez-Quezada
- Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Kerly Cevallos-Apolo
- Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | | | - José E Villacis
- Centro de Investigación Para La Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, 1701-2184, Ecuador
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada & ibs, Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Virgen de Las Nieves, Institute for Biosanitary Research-Ibs, Granada, Spain
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Goda MS, El-Kattan N, Abdel-Azeem MA, Allam KAM, Badr JM, Nassar NA, Almalki AJ, Alharbi M, Elhady SS, Eltamany EE. Antimicrobial Potential of Different Isolates of Chaetomium globosum Combined with Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Chemical Profiling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1683. [PMID: 38136556 PMCID: PMC10742071 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic microorganisms against commercial drugs has become a major problem worldwide. This study is the first of its kind to be carried out in Egypt to produce antimicrobial pharmaceuticals from isolated native taxa of the fungal Chaetomium, followed by a chemical investigation of the existing bioactive metabolites. Here, of the 155 clinical specimens in total, 100 pathogenic microbial isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The Chaetomium isolates were recovered from different soil samples, and wild host plants collected from Egypt showed strong inhibitory activity against MDR isolates. Chaetomium isolates displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria, with inhibition zones of 11.3 to 25.6 mm, 10.4 to 26.0 mm, and 10.5 to 26.5 mm, respectively. As a consecutive result, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of Chaetomium isolates ranged from 3.9 to 62.5 µg/mL. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed for selected Chaetomium isolates with the most promising antimicrobial potential against MDR bacteria. The LC-MS/MS analysis of Chaetomium species isolated from cultivated soil at Assuit Governate, Upper Egypt (3), and the host plant Zygophyllum album grown in Wadi El-Arbaein, Saint Katherine, South Sinai (5), revealed the presence of alkaloids as the predominant bioactive metabolites. Most detected bioactive metabolites previously displayed antimicrobial activity, confirming the antibacterial potential of selected isolates. Therefore, the Chaetomium isolates recovered from harsh habitats in Egypt are rich sources of antimicrobial metabolites, which will be a possible solution to the multi-drug resistant bacteria tragedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S. Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Noura El-Kattan
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Giza 11562, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Azeem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Sinai University, Al-Arish, North Sinai 45511, Egypt;
| | - Kamilia A. M. Allam
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Giza 11562, Egypt;
| | - Jihan M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (J.M.B.)
| | | | - Ahmad J. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Majed Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas E. Eltamany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.G.); (J.M.B.)
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Al-Sheboul SA, Al-Madi GS, Brown B, Hayajneh WA. Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Jordanian Hospitals. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:180-190. [PMID: 37095370 PMCID: PMC10272028 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of infections caused by certain bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae), is a global health concern. Bacterial production of an enzyme called extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) can generate resistance to antimicrobial therapeutics. Therefore, between 2012 and 2013, we investigated K. pneumoniae that produce ESBLs with the prevalence of individual genes including blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaOXA isolated from clinical samples. A total of 99 variable diagnostic samples including blood from hematological malignancies (n = 14) or other clinical sources including sputum, pus, urine, and wound (n = 85) were analyzed. All samples' bacterial type was confirmed and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was established. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was carried out to ascertain presence of specific genes that included blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaOXA. Plasmid DNA profiles were determined to assess significance between resistance to antimicrobial agents and plasmid number. It was found that among non-hematologic malignancy isolates, the highest rate of resistance was 87.9% to imipenem, with lowest rate being 2% to ampicillin. However, in hematologic malignancy isolates, the highest microbial resistance was 92.9% to ampicillin with the lowest rate of resistance at 28.6% to imipenem. Among collected isolates, 45% were ESBL-producers with 50% occurrence in hematologic malignancy individuals that were ESBL-producers. Within ESBL-producing isolates from hematologic malignancy individuals, blaSHV was detected in 100%, blaCTX-M in 85.7%, and blaTEM and blaOXA-1 at 57.1% and 27.1%, respectively. In addition, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA were found in all non-hematological malignancy individuals with blaTEM detected in 55.5% of samples. Our findings indicate that ESBLs expressing blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes are significantly prevalent in K. pneumoniae isolates from hematologic malignancy individuals. Plasmid analysis indicated plasmids in isolates collected from hematological malignancy individuals. Furthermore, there was a correlation between resistance to antimicrobial agents and plasmids within two groups analyzed. This study indicates an increase in incidence of K. pneumoniae infections displaying ESBL phenotypes in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaila A. Al-Sheboul
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ghina S. Al-Madi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Sciences and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Wail A. Hayajneh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine and King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
- Children’s National Hospital, Saint Louis University, St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, USA
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Jwair NA, Al-Ouqaili MTS, Al-Marzooq F. Inverse Association between the Existence of CRISPR/Cas Systems with Antibiotic Resistance, Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Production in Multidrug, Extensive Drug and Pandrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:980. [PMID: 37370299 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance, with the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases, is common in the opportunistic pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae. This organism has a genome that can contain clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), which operate as a defense mechanism against external invaders such as plasmids and viruses. This study aims to determine the association of the CRISPR/Cas systems with antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates from Iraqi patients. A total of 100 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected and characterized according to their susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents. The CRISPR/Cas systems were detected via PCR. The phenotypic detection of ESBLs and carbapenemases was performed. The production of ESBL was detected in 71% of the isolates. Carbapenem-resistance was detected in 15% of the isolates, while only 14% were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the bacteria were classified into multidrug (77%), extensively drug-resistant (11.0%) and pandrug-resistant (4.0%). There was an inverse association between the presence of the CRISPR/Cas systems and antibiotic resistance, as resistance was higher in the absence of the CRISPR/Cas system. Multidrug resistance in ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae occurred more frequently in strains negative for the CRISPR/Cas system. Thus, we conclude that genes for exogenous antibiotic resistance can be acquired in the absence of the CRISPR/Cas modules that can protect the bacteria against acquiring foreign DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Jwair
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Ramadi P.O. Box 55431, Iraq
| | - Mushtak T S Al-Ouqaili
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Ramadi P.O. Box 55431, Iraq
| | - Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Araújo D, Castro J, Matos F, Oliveira R, Ramos C, Almeida C, Silva S. Exploring the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from clinically ill companion animals from North of Portugal. Res Vet Sci 2023; 159:183-188. [PMID: 37148737 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. is an important pathogen in humans and animals and due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, its prevalence and antibiotic resistance has increased in companion animals. The main goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella spp. isolated from clinically ill cats and dogs admitted in veterinary clinics in the North of Portugal. A total of 255 clinical specimens were collected and, after isolation, the identification of Klebsiella strains was performed using the BBL Crystal™ identification system and confirmed by PCR-based sequencing with specific primers. Antibiotic resistance profile was determined through the disc diffusion method. Beta-lactam resistance genes were screened through a multiplex PCR assay. Fifty Klebsiella strains were isolated and, 39 were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and 11 as Klebsiella oxytoca. Thirty-one were recovered from dogs and 19 from cats. The Klebsiella isolates were recovered mainly from skin wounds, respiratory tract, and from urine. Fifty percent of K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae isolates revealed to be Multidrug Resistant (MDR) strains, with most of them positive for the presence of blaTEM-like and blaSHV genes. This data shows that MDR Klebsiella are highly disseminated in companion animals and that extended-spectrum beta-lactamases can be easily found among these isolates. This highlights the potential role of dogs and cats as a reservoir of resistant Klebsiella spp. that have the potential to be transmitted to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Araújo
- INIAV, IP - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Portugal
| | - J Castro
- INIAV, IP - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - F Matos
- INIAV, IP - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Portugal
| | - R Oliveira
- INIAV, IP - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Ramos
- Clínica Veterinária das Glicínias - Vets On The Road, Rua Dr. Edgardo Sá Malheiro 175, 4705-267 Braga, Portugal
| | - C Almeida
- INIAV, IP - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Silva
- INIAV, IP - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Patil S, Chen H, Dong S, Liu S, Wen F. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in the paediatric population before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Shenzhen, China. J Infect 2023; 86:256-308. [PMID: 36632941 PMCID: PMC9860501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patil
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China; Paediatric Research Institute, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Paediatric Research Institute, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China; Paediatric Research Institute, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China.
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Cumulative Antibiogram: A Rapid Method to Hinder Transmission of Resistant Bacteria to Oral Cavity of Newborn Babies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010080. [PMID: 36671281 PMCID: PMC9854765 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid bacterial diagnostic is needed more and more in the treatment of patients, because of the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The cumulative antibiogram, an annual report that monitors antimicrobial resistance trends in health care facilities, may provide a profile of empirical therapy useful in diverse emergency situations, such as transmission of resistant bacteria to oral cavity of newborn babies. We aimed to draw a profile of antibiotic resistance encountered. METHODS We assessed the antibiotic resistance (ABR) profile in childbearing women and newborn babies in Ploiesti Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital by the disk diffusion method characterizing the multidrug-resistant organisms after isolation and identification by phenotypic tests. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Group B Streptococcus (VR-GBS) were detected. RESULTS The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 11.32% (53/468), while the prevalence of the ESBL-E, MRSA, VRE and VR-GBS strains was 8.34% (39/468). Within the bacteria isolated from fifty-three childbearing women, the prevalence of ESBL-E, MRSA, VRE and VR-GBS was 22.64% (12/53), 32.08% (17/53), 11.32% (6/53) and 7.55% (4/53). In the whole studied group, the prevalence was 2.56% (12/468), 3.63% (17/468), 1.28% (6/468) and 0.86% (4/468). Resistant bacteria were detected at birth in the oral cavity of the newborn babies in all cases. Maternal and neonatal isolates shared similar characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative antibiogram is useful in case of empiric treatment needed in diverse emergencies, such as transmission of resistant bacteria to oral cavity of newborn babies.
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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance of Different Phylogroups of Escherichia coli Isolates from Feces of Breeding and Laying Hens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010020. [PMID: 36671221 PMCID: PMC9854720 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and food sources are seen as a potential transmission pathway of multi-drug resistance (MDR) micro-organisms to humans. Escherichia. coli is frequently used as an indicator of fecal contamination in the food industry and known as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Microbial contamination as a major outcome for the poultry and egg industry and is a serious public health problem. In the present study we performed the quantification of β-glucoronidase positive E. coli in 60 fecal samples of breeding and laying hens collected in Portugal in 2019. Phylogenetic and pathotypic characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility, and detection of resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were assessed. The phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization and detection of ESBL genes were assessed by real-time PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Overall, E. coli quantification was 6.03 log CFU/g in breeding hens and 6.02 log CFU/g in laying hens. The most frequent phylogroups were B1. None of the isolates was classified as diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). In total, 57% of the isolates showed MDR and 3.8% were positive for ESBL. Our study highlights that consumers may be exposed to MDR E. coli, presenting a major hazard to food safety and a risk to public health.
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