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Dong D, Li M, Zhang T, Niu Z, Xue G, Bai H, Zhao W, Yu J, Jiang W, Wu H. Antagonistic Activity of Streptomyces alfalfae 11F against Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon and Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Synthesis of Phenazine-1-Carboxamide. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3796. [PMID: 38005693 PMCID: PMC10675820 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces alfalfa strain 11F has inhibitory effects on many phytopathogenic fungi and improves the establishment and biomass yield of switchgrass. However, the antagonistic effects of strain 11F on Fusarium wilt of watermelon and its secondary metabolites that contribute to its biocontrol activity are poorly understood. We evaluated the antagonistic and growth-promoting effects of strain 11F and conducted a transcriptome analysis to identify the metabolites contributing to antifungal activity. Strain 11F had marked inhibitory effects on six fungal pathogens. The incidence of Fusarium wilt of watermelon seedlings was decreased by 46.02%, while watermelon seedling growth was promoted, as indicated by plant height (8.7%), fresh weight (23.1%), and dry weight (60.0%). Clean RNA-sequencing data were annotated with 7553 functional genes. The 2582 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected in the Control vs. Case 2 comparison were divided into 42 subcategories of the biological process, cellular component, and molecular function Gene Ontology categories. Seven hundred and forty functional genes (55.47% of the DEGs) were assigned to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathways, reflecting the complexity of the strain 11F metabolic regulatory system. The expression level of the gene phzF, which encodes an enzyme essential for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) synthesis, was downregulated 3.7-fold between the 24 h and 48 h fermentation time points, suggesting that strain 11F can produce phenazine compounds. A phenazine compound from 11F was isolated and identified as phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), which contributed to the antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. PCA was speculated to be the synthetic precursor of PCN. The downregulation in phzF expression might be associated with the decrease in PCA accumulation and the increase in PCN synthesis in strain 11F from 24 to 48 h. Streptomyces alfalfae 11F protects watermelon seedlings from Fusarium wilt of watermelon and promotes seedling growth. The transcriptome analysis of strain 11F provides insights into the synthesis of PCN, which has antifungal activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum of watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China; (D.D.); (T.Z.); (Z.N.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Maoying Li
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China; (D.D.); (T.Z.); (Z.N.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhenfeng Niu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China; (D.D.); (T.Z.); (Z.N.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Guoping Xue
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (G.X.); (H.B.)
| | - Hongmei Bai
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (G.X.); (H.B.)
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China; (D.D.); (T.Z.); (Z.N.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiajia Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China; (D.D.); (T.Z.); (Z.N.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Wei Jiang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (G.X.); (H.B.)
| | - Huiling Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China; (D.D.); (T.Z.); (Z.N.); (W.Z.); (J.Y.)
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Buzón-Durán L, Sánchez-Hernández E, Sánchez-Báscones M, García-González MC, Hernández-Navarro S, Correa-Guimarães A, Martín-Ramos P. A Coating Based on Bioactive Compounds from Streptomyces spp. and Chitosan Oligomers to Control Botrytis cinerea Preserves the Quality and Improves the Shelf Life of Table Grapes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:577. [PMID: 36771661 PMCID: PMC9921524 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the most harmful postharvest disease of table grapes. Among the strategies that can be envisaged for its control, the use of coatings based on natural products is particularly promising. The study presented herein focuses on the assessment of the antagonistic capacity of two Streptomyces species and their culture filtrates against B. cinerea. Firstly, the secondary metabolites were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with N1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-N3-methylguanidine acetate and 2R,3S-9-[1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-butoxymethyl]guanine acetate as the main compounds produced by S. lavendofoliae DSM 40217; and cyclo(leucyloprolyl) and cyclo(phenylalanylprolyl) as the most abundant chemical species for S. rochei DSM 41729. Subsequently, the capacity of S. lavendofoliae DSM 40217 and S. rochei DSM 41729 to inhibit the growth of the pathogen was tested in dual culture plate assays, finding 85-90% inhibition. In agar dilution tests, their culture filtrates resulted in effective concentration values (EC90) in the 246-3013 μg·mL-1 range. Upon the formation of conjugate complexes with chitosan oligomers (COS) to improve solubility and bioavailability, a synergistic behavior was observed, resulting in lower EC90 values, ranging from 201 to 953 μg·mL-1. Ex situ tests carried out on 'Timpson' and 'Red Globe' table grapes using the conjugate complexes as coatings were found to maintain the turgor of the grapes and delay the appearance of the pathogen by 10-15 days at concentrations in the 750-1000 µg·mL-1 range. Hence, the conjugate complexes of COS and the selected Streptomyces spp. culture filtrates may be put forward as promising protection treatments for the sustainable control of gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buzón-Durán
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Sánchez-Báscones
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz García-González
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Hernández-Navarro
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Adriana Correa-Guimarães
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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Wang D, Li X, Yang X, Chen S, Li L, Wang Y, Pan C, Zhao Y. Unraveling the effect of the combination of modified atmosphere packaging and ε-polylysine on the physicochemical properties and bacterial community of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Front Nutr 2022; 9:1035714. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1035714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined effect of ε-polylysine (PL) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; 60% CO2/40% N2) on the bacterial community of greater amberjack filets and their physicochemical properties was evaluated at 4°C. The total viable counts (TVC), psychrotrophic bacterial count, sensory index, texture analysis, and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) revealed that PL, MAP, and MAP + PL treatment delayed the deterioration of greater amberjack filets. These treatment groups also showed decreased accumulation of biogenic amines. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated that these treatments suppressed the growth of Pseudomonas in greater amberjack filets. Furthermore, the MAP + PL treatment group was observed to be more effective than the PL and MAP groups, extending the shelf life of greater amberjack filets by 6 days. This investigation showed that the combination of PL and MAP has the potential to retain the quality and extend the shelf life of greater amberjack.
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Li S, Mao Y, Zhang L, Wang M, Meng J, Liu X, Bai Y, Guo Y. Recent advances in microbial ε-poly-L-lysine fermentation and its diverse applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:65. [PMID: 35710433 PMCID: PMC9205021 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The naturally occurring homo-polyamide biopolymer, ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) consists of 25-35 L-lysine residues with amide linkages between α-carboxyl groups and ε-amino groups. ɛ-PL exhibits several useful properties because of its unusual structure, such as biodegradability, water solubility, no human toxicity, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities; it is widely applied in the fields of food, medicine, clinical chemistry and electronics. However, current industrial production of ε-PL is only performed in a few countries. Based on an analysis of the physiological characteristics of ε-PL fermentation, current advances that enhance ε-PL fermentation, from strain improvement to product isolation are systematically reviewed, focusing on: (1) elucidating the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanism of ε-PL synthesis; (2) enhancing biosynthetic performance through mutagenesis, fermentation optimization and metabolic engineering; and (3) understanding and improving the biological activity and functional properties of ε-PL. Finally, perspectives on engineering and exploiting ε-PL as a source material for the production of various advanced materials are also discussed, providing scientific guidelines for researchers to further improve the ε-PL fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yunren Mao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lifei Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Miao Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jinhao Meng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yunxia Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Sánchez-Hernández E, Buzón-Durán L, Cuchí-Oterino JA, Martín-Gil J, Lorenzo-Vidal B, Martín-Ramos P. Dwarf Pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. nana): Source of 5-HMF and Bioactive Compounds with Applications in the Protection of Woody Crops. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11040550. [PMID: 35214882 PMCID: PMC8879262 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While the properties of edible pomegranate varieties have been widely explored, there is little information on ornamental types. In this study, possible alternatives for the valorization of dwarf pomegranate fruits have been explored. The characterization of their hydromethanolic extract by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry evidenced the presence of high contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (a carbon-neutral feedstock for the production of fuels and other chemicals) and β- and γ-sitosterol stereoisomers. The microbicidal activity of the crude extract, both alone and in a conjugate complex with chitosan oligomers (COS), was investigated against three plant pathogenic microorganisms that cause significant losses in woody crops: Erwinia amylovora, E. vitivora, and Diplodia seriata. In in vitro assays, a strong synergistic behavior was found after conjugation of the bioactive constituents of the fruit extract with COS, resulting in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 750 and 375 μg·mL−1 against E. amylovora and E. vitivora, respectively, and an EC90 value of 993 μg·mL−1 against D. seriata. Hence, extracts from the non-edible fruits of this Punicaceae may hold promise as a source of high value-added phytochemicals or as environmentally friendly agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Laura Buzón-Durán
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Cuchí-Oterino
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (i3A), EPS, University of Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Belén Lorenzo-Vidal
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, University of Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-974-292668
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Hermosilla J, Pastene-Navarrete E, Acevedo F. Electrospun Fibers Loaded with Natural Bioactive Compounds as a Biomedical System for Skin Burn Treatment. A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2054. [PMID: 34959336 PMCID: PMC8707873 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Burns are a major threat to public health and the economy due to their costly and laborious treatment and high susceptibility to infection. Efforts have been made recently to investigate natural bioactive compounds with potential use in wound healing. The importance lies in the capacities that these compounds could possess both in infection control by common and resistant microorganisms, as well as in the regeneration of the affected tissues, having in both cases low adverse effects. However, some bioactive molecules are chemically unstable, poorly soluble, and susceptible to oxidative degradation or have low bioavailability. Therefore, developing new technologies for an efficient treatment of wound healing poses a real challenge. In this context, electrospun nanofibers have gained increasing research interest because bioactive molecules can be easily loaded within the nanofiber, resulting in optimal burst control and enhanced drug stability. Additionally, the nanofibers can mimic the extracellular collagen matrix, providing a suitable highly porous structural support for growing cells that facilitate and accelerate skin burns healing. This review gives an overview of the current state of electrospun fibers loaded with natural bioactive compounds as a biomedical system for skin burn treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyson Hermosilla
- Doctoral Program in Sciences of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile;
| | - Edgar Pastene-Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile;
| | - Francisca Acevedo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Center of Excellence in Traslational Medicine (CEMT), Faculty of Medicine, and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Sánchez-Hernández E, Buzón-Durán L, Lorenzo-Vidal B, Martín-Gil J, Martín-Ramos P. Physicochemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity against Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia vitivora, and Diplodia seriata of a Light Purple Hibiscus syriacus L. Cultivar. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10091876. [PMID: 34579407 PMCID: PMC8468437 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are essential raw materials for the production of formulations that can be helpful in crop protection. In particular, Hibiscus spp., which are often used in traditional medicine, are rich in potential bioactive molecules. This study presents an analysis of the thermal, vibrational, and phytochemical characteristics of a light purple variety of Hibiscus syriacus, using thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy techniques. Further, with a view to its valorization, the antimicrobial activity of its extracts has been investigated in vitro against Erwinia amylovora (the phytopathogen responsible for fire blight in apples, pears, and some other members of the family Rosaceae), Erwinia vitivora (the causal agent of the "maladie d'Oléron" in grapevines), and Diplodia seriata (responsible for "Bot canker"). Higher heating values and thermal features showed similarities with kenaf biomass. The main compounds identified in the hydro-methanolic extracts were: in flowers, 1-heptacosanol, heptacosane, 1-tetracosanol, hexadecenoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid; and in leaves, the coumarin derivative 4,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2-chromanone, vitamin E, phytol, and sitosterol. MIC values of 500 and 375 μg·mL-1 were obtained against E. amylovora for flower and leaf extracts, respectively, upon conjugation with chitosan oligomers (to improve solubility and bioavailability). In the case of E. vitivora, MIC values of 250 and 500 μg·mL-1, respectively, were registered. Regarding the antifungal activity, EC90 values of 975.8 and 603.5 μg·mL-1, respectively, were found. These findings suggest that H. syriacus (cv. 'Mathilde') may be a promising source of antimicrobials for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Laura Buzón-Durán
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Belén Lorenzo-Vidal
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-974-292-668
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Sánchez-Hernández E, Buzón-Durán L, Langa-Lomba N, Casanova-Gascón J, Lorenzo-Vidal B, Martín-Gil J, Martín-Ramos P. Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of a Halophyte from the Asturian Coast (Spain): Limonium binervosum (G.E.Sm.) C.E.Salmon. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1852. [PMID: 34579385 PMCID: PMC8468922 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The work presented herein deals with the characterization and valorization of a halophyte from the cliffs of the Asturian coast: Limonium binervosum (G.E.Sm.) C.E.Salmon (rock sea-lavender). Its biomass and hydromethanolic extracts were studied by elemental and thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Tetradecanoic acid/esters and 1,2-tetradecanediol were identified in its flower extract, while the leaf extract was rich in linolenic and linoleic acids and their esters, hexadecanoic acid and its esters, and phytol. Both flower and leaf hydromethanolic extracts contained eicosane, sitosterol and tocopherols in significant amounts. With a view to its valorization, the antimicrobial activity of these extracts was investigated against three apple tree and grapevine phytopathogens. Both the hydroalcoholic extracts and their main constituents, alone or in combination with chitosan oligomers (COS), were tested in vitro. A remarkable antibacterial activity was observed for the conjugated complexes of the flower extract with COS, both against Xylophilus ampelinus (MIC = 250 μg·mL-1) and Erwinia amylovora (MIC = 500 μg·mL-1), and complete inhibition of the mycelial growth of Diplodia seriata was found at concentrations <1000 μg·mL-1. In view of these results, this extremophile plant can be put forward as a promising source of bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Laura Buzón-Durán
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Natalia Langa-Lomba
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain; (N.L.-L.); (J.C.-G.)
| | - José Casanova-Gascón
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain; (N.L.-L.); (J.C.-G.)
| | - Belén Lorenzo-Vidal
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Calle Dulzaina 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Agriculture and Forestry Engineering Department, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (E.S.-H.); (L.B.-D.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain; (N.L.-L.); (J.C.-G.)
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Langa-Lomba N, Sánchez-Hernández E, Buzón-Durán L, González-García V, Casanova-Gascón J, Martín-Gil J, Martín-Ramos P. Activity of Anthracenediones and Flavoring Phenols in Hydromethanolic Extracts of Rubia tinctorum against Grapevine Phytopathogenic Fungi. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1527. [PMID: 34451572 PMCID: PMC8399478 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the chemical composition of Rubia tinctorum root hydromethanolic extract was analyzed by GC-MS, and over 50 constituents were identified. The main phytochemicals were alizarin-related anthraquinones and flavoring phenol compounds. The antifungal activity of this extract, alone and in combination with chitosan oligomers (COS) or with stevioside, was evaluated against the pathogenic taxa Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella viticola and Neofusicoccum parvum, responsible for the so-called Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine. In vitro mycelial growth inhibition tests showed remarkable activity for the pure extract, with EC50 and EC90 values as low as 66 and 88 μg·mL-1, respectively. Nonetheless, enhanced activity was attained upon the formation of conjugate complexes with COS or with stevioside, with synergy factors of up to 5.4 and 3.3, respectively, resulting in EC50 and EC90 values as low as 22 and 56 μg·mL-1, respectively. The conjugate with the best performance (COS-R. tinctorum extract) was then assayed ex situ on autoclaved grapevine wood against D. seriata, confirming its antifungal behavior on this plant material. Finally, the same conjugate was evaluated in greenhouse assays on grafted grapevine plants artificially inoculated with the three aforementioned fungal species, resulting in a significant reduction in the infection rate in all cases. This natural antifungal compound represents a promising alternative for developing sustainable control methods against grapevine trunk diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Langa-Lomba
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
- Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragón, Plant Protection Unit, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Laura Buzón-Durán
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Vicente González-García
- Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragón, Plant Protection Unit, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Casanova-Gascón
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín-Gil
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), EPS, Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte, s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
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Antifungal Activity against Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi of the Hydro-Methanolic Extract of Silybum marianum Capitula Conjugated with Stevioside. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071363. [PMID: 34371566 PMCID: PMC8309442 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, viz. milk thistle, has been the focus of research efforts in the past few years, albeit almost exclusively restricted to the medicinal properties of its fruits (achenes). Given that other milk thistle plant organs and tissues have been scarcely investigated for the presence of bioactive compounds, in this study, we present a phytochemical analysis of the extracts of S. marianum capitula during the flowering phenological stage (stage 67). Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy results evidenced the presence of high contents of coniferyl alcohol (47.4%), and secondarily of ferulic acid ester, opening a new valorization strategy of this plant based on the former high-added-value component. Moreover, the application of the hydro-methanolic extracts as an antifungal agent has been also explored. Specifically, their activity against three fungal species responsible for the so-called Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine (Neofusicoccum parvum, Dothiorella viticola and Diplodia seriata) has been assayed both in vitro and in vivo. From the mycelial growth inhibition assays, the best results (EC90 values of 303, 366, and 355 μg·mL−1 for N. parvum, D. viticola, and D. seriata, respectively) were not obtained for the hydroalcoholic extract alone, but after its conjugation with stevioside, which resulted in a strong synergistic behavior. Greenhouse experiments confirmed the efficacy of the conjugated complexes, pointing to the potential of the combination of milk thistle extracts with stevioside as a promising plant protection product in organic Viticulture.
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11
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Chen S, Huang S, Li Y, Zhou C. Recent Advances in Epsilon-Poly-L-Lysine and L-Lysine-Based Dendrimer Synthesis, Modification, and Biomedical Applications. Front Chem 2021; 9:659304. [PMID: 33869146 PMCID: PMC8044885 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.659304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advantages in biocompatibility, antimicrobial ability, and comparative facile synthesis technology, poly-L-lysine (PLL) has received considerable attention in recent years. Different arrangement forms and structures of the backbone endow lysine-based polymers with versatile applications, especially for ε-poly-L-lysine (EPL) and lysine-based dendrimer (LBD) compounds. This review summarized the advanced development of the synthesis and modification strategies of EPL and LBD, focus on the modification of bio-synthesis and artificial synthesis, respectively. Meanwhile, biomedical fields, where EPL and LBD are mainly utilized, such as agents, adjuvants, or carriers to anti-pathogen or used in tumor or gene therapies, are also introduced. With the deeper of knowledge of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug system, the design and synthesis of these drugs can be further optimized. Furthermore, the performances of combination with other advanced methodologies and technologies demonstrated that challenges, such as scale production and high expenses, will not hinder the prospective future of lysine-based polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuncai Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050217. [PMID: 32365458 PMCID: PMC7277449 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first two decades of this century, conventional antimicrobial compounds have been found out to have more bacterial resistance. What has also been worrying is the rediscovery of the so-called “natural compounds”, which in turn have a good name among the average citizen because of the former’s plant or animal origin. However, they do not form a well-classified group of substances. This Special Issue consists of five reviews focusing on clinical bacteria applications in food and their specific effects upon virulent bacterial factors. You will also find a research on much needed, new antimicrobials sourced in extreme environments, and secondary metabolites of Burkholderia. This issue includes 12 original research papers which will provide you with an in-depth coverage of the protein extract activity, as well as the activity of other plant extracts, on fighting bacteria, fungi or diarrhea. Their use in broilers or laying eggs for production purposes has also been focused on in order to improve gut microbiota. Last but not least, we should not forget about honey and its effect; Allium sativum-fermented extracts, as well as other “natural” compounds, have been studied in their fight against biofilms. Furthermore, we have also examined the use of essential oils, which are currently used in edibles such as fresh sausages. The present work also deals with other applications such as natural compound derivatives as well as compound mixtures.
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