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Rudrapal M, Rakshit G, Singh RP, Garse S, Khan J, Chakraborty S. Dietary Polyphenols: Review on Chemistry/Sources, Bioavailability/Metabolism, Antioxidant Effects, and Their Role in Disease Management. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:429. [PMID: 38671877 PMCID: PMC11047380 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, as secondary metabolites ubiquitous in plant sources, have emerged as pivotal bioactive compounds with far-reaching implications for human health. Plant polyphenols exhibit direct or indirect associations with biomolecules capable of modulating diverse physiological pathways. Due to their inherent abundance and structural diversity, polyphenols have garnered substantial attention from both the scientific and clinical communities. The review begins by providing an in-depth analysis of the chemical intricacies of polyphenols, shedding light on their structural diversity and the implications of such diversity on their biological activities. Subsequently, an exploration of the dietary origins of polyphenols elucidates the natural plant-based sources that contribute to their global availability. The discussion extends to the bioavailability and metabolism of polyphenols within the human body, unraveling the complex journey from ingestion to systemic effects. A central focus of the review is dedicated to unravelling the antioxidant effects of polyphenols, highlighting their role in combating oxidative stress and associated health conditions. The comprehensive analysis encompasses their impact on diverse health concerns such as hypertension, allergies, aging, and chronic diseases like heart stroke and diabetes. Insights into the global beneficial effects of polyphenols further underscore their potential as preventive and therapeutic agents. This review article critically examines the multifaceted aspects of dietary polyphenols, encompassing their chemistry, dietary origins, bioavailability/metabolism dynamics, and profound antioxidant effects. The synthesis of information presented herein aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and health enthusiasts, fostering a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between polyphenols and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur 522213, India
| | - Gourav Rakshit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India; (G.R.); (R.P.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Ravi Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India; (G.R.); (R.P.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Samiksha Garse
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai 400614, India;
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Soumi Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India; (G.R.); (R.P.S.); (S.C.)
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Maneesai P, Potue P, Khamseekaew J, Sangartit W, Rattanakanokchai S, Poasakate A, Pakdeechote P. Kaempferol protects against cardiovascular abnormalities induced by nitric oxide deficiency in rats by suppressing the TNF-α pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176112. [PMID: 37879426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid compound that exhibits various pharmacological actions. However, there are few reports regarding the role of kaempferol in cardiovascular abnormalities. This study aimed to assess whether kaempferol could prevent cardiovascular malfunction and hypertrophy provoked by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) formation in rats. Rats (180-200 g) were treated daily with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) (40 mg/kg, in drinking water) for five weeks concomitant with kaempferol (oral administration) at a dose of 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg or lisinopril (5 mg/kg). Kaempferol partially prevented the progression of hypertension provoked by NO inhibition (p < 0.05). Left ventricular malfunction and hypertrophy present in hypertensive rats were alleviated by concurrent administration of kaempferol (p < 0.05). Furthermore, L-NAME rats had increased sympathetic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction and decreased acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation and aortic wall thickening, which were resolved by kaempferol treatment (p < 0.05). Kaempferol restored tissue superoxide formation, malondialdehyde, catalase activity, plasma nitric oxide metabolites, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 in L-NAME rats (p < 0.05). Overexpression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt1) and smad2/3 in heart tissue and upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB (p-NF-κB) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in vascular tissue were suppressed by kaempferol (p < 0.05). In conclusion, kaempferol exerts antihypertensive, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in NO-dependent hypertensive rats. The underlying mechanisms of kaempferol in preventing cardiovascular changes induced by L-NAME were due to the suppression of the TNF-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Weerapon Sangartit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Anuson Poasakate
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand.
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Maneesai P, Wattanathorn J, Potue P, Khamseekaew J, Rattanakanokchai S, Thukham-Mee W, Muchimapura S, Pakdeechote P. Cardiovascular complications are resolved by tuna protein hydrolysate supplementation in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12280. [PMID: 37507421 PMCID: PMC10382531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to investigate whether tuna protein hydrolysate (TPH) supplementation could alleviate cardiovascular complications induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. Rats were fed a HFD for 16 weeks and given TPH (100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, or 500 mg/kg) or metformin (100 mg/kg) (n = 8) for the last four weeks. TPH had the following effects: resolved their impaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension (p < 0.05); alleviated left ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy (p < 0.05), and vascular dysfunction and hypertrophy (p < 0.05); adipocyte hypertrophy; increases in circulating leptin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were mitigated (p < 0.05); increased renin-angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress, and decreased nitric oxide metabolites were modulated (p < 0.05). TPH restored the expression of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R)/NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein in cardiovascular tissue (p < 0.05). In metabolic syndrome (MS) rats, metformin and TPH had comparable effects. In conclusion, TPH alleviated cardiovascular complications related to MS. It suppressed RAS, oxidative stress, and inflammation that were associated with modulation of AT1R/NOX2, eNOS, Nrf2/HO-1, and PPARγ/NF-κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Wipawee Thukham-Mee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Muchimapura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Chao YM, Rauchová H, Chan JYH. Disparate Roles of Oxidative Stress in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in Age-Dependent Susceptibility to Hypertension Induced by Systemic l-NAME Treatment in Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092232. [PMID: 36140333 PMCID: PMC9496567 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether tissue oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons reside, plays an active role in age-dependent susceptibility to hypertension in response to nitric oxide (NO) deficiency induced by systemic l-NAME treatment, and to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) in conscious rats were recorded, along with measurements of plasma and RVLM level of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of mRNA and protein involved in ROS production and clearance, in both young and adult rats subjected to intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusion of l-NAME. Pharmacological treatments were administered by oral gavage or intracisternal infusion. Gene silencing of target mRNA was made by bilateral microinjection into RVLM of lentivirus that encodes a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down gene expression of NADPH oxidase activator 1 (Noxa1). We found that i.p. infusion of l-NAME resulted in increases in SBP, sympathetic neurogenic vasomotor activity, and plasma norepinephrine levels in an age-dependent manner. Systemic l-NAME also evoked oxidative stress in RVLM of adult, but not young rats, accompanied by augmented enzyme activity of NADPH oxidase and reduced mitochondrial electron transport enzyme activities. Treatment with L-arginine via oral gavage or infusion into the cistern magna (i.c.), but not i.c. tempol or mitoQ10, significantly offset the l-NAME-induced hypertension in young rats. On the other hand, all treatments appreciably reduced l-NAME-induced hypertension in adult rats. The mRNA microarray analysis revealed that four genes involved in ROS production and clearance were differentially expressed in RVLM in an age-related manner. Of them, Noxa1, and GPx2 were upregulated and Duox2 and Ucp3 were downregulated. Systemic l-NAME treatment caused greater upregulation of Noxa1, but not Ucp3, mRNA expression in RVLM of adult rats. Gene silencing of Noxa1 in RVLM effectively alleviated oxidative stress and protected adult rats against l-NAME-induced hypertension. These data together suggest that hypertension induced by systemic l-NAME treatment in young rats is mediated primarily by NO deficiency that occurs both in vascular smooth muscle cells and RVLM. On the other hand, enhanced augmentation of oxidative stress in RVLM may contribute to the heightened susceptibility of adult rats to hypertension induced by systemic l-NAME treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Mei Chao
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hana Rauchová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-77338415
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Arribas SM, Martín-Cabrejas MA. Antioxidant Foods and Cardiometabolic Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040746. [PMID: 35453431 PMCID: PMC9028176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Arribas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María A. Martín-Cabrejas
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Sciencies, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL-UAM-CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Genistein alleviates renin-angiotensin system mediated vascular and kidney alterations in renovascular hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112601. [PMID: 35062067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a bioflavonoid mainly found in soybean. This study evaluated the effect of genistein on vascular dysfunction and kidney damage in two-kidney, one-clipped (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Male Sprague-Dawley-2K1C hypertensive rats were treated with genistein (40 or 80 mg/kg) or losartan 10 mg/kg (n = 8/group). Genistein reduced blood pressure, attenuated the increase in sympathetic nerve-mediated contractile response and endothelial dysfunction in the mesenteric vascular beds and aorta of 2K1C rats. Increases in the intensity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the mesentery and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were alleviated in the genistein-treated group. Genistein also improved renal dysfunction, hypertrophy of the non-clipped kidney (NCK) and atrophy of the clipped kidney (CK) in 2K1C rats. Upregulation of angiotensin II receptor type I (AT1R), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit 4 (Nox4) and Bcl2-associated X protein (BAX) and downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) protein found in CK were restored by genistein. It also suppressed the overexpression of AT1R, transforming growth factor beta I (TGF-β1), smad2/3 and p-smad3 in NCK. Genistein reduced serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) in 2K1C rats. Low levels of catalase activity as well as high levels of superoxide generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) in 2K1C rats were restored by genistein treatment. In conclusion, genistein suppressed renin-angiotensin system-mediated sympathetic activation and oxidative stress in 2K1C rats. It alleviated renal atrophy in CK via modulation of AT1R/NADPH oxidase/Bcl-2/BAX pathways and hypertrophy in NCK via AT1R/TGF-β1/smad-dependent signalling pathways.
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Chaihongsa N, Maneesai P, Sangartit W, Potue P, Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P. Galangin alleviates vascular dysfunction and remodelling through modulation of the TNF-R1, p-NF-κB and VCAM-1 pathways in hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2021; 285:119965. [PMID: 34543638 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Galangin is a natural flavonoid isolated from ginger, honey and propolis. AIMS To investigate the effect of galangin on blood pressure, vascular changes, sympathoexcitation, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats treated with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (220-250 g) were given l-NAME (0.5 mg/mL in drinking water) to induce hypertension for 5 weeks. They were treated with vehicle, galangin (30 or 60 mg/kg), or amlodipine (10 mg/kg) for the final two weeks (n = 6/group). KEY FINDINGS Galangin significantly reduced blood pressure and improved the impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensive rats. Sympathoexcitation, including enhancement of contractile responses to electrical field stimulation, increases in intensity of tyrosine hydroxylase and plasma norepinephrine concentration in hypertensive rats, was attenuated by galangin treatment. Galangin also reduced systemic and vascular oxidative damage and increased plasma nitric oxide levels in the hypertensive groups. Aortic remodelling accompanied by aortic wall hypertrophy and fibrosis observed in hypertensive rats were alleviated by galangin treatment. Furthermore, galangin exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the upregulation of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1), phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) in aortic tissue and reducing plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in l-NAME rats. In conclusion, galangin had antihypertensive effects that were relevant to attenuating endothelial dysfunction, sympathoexcitation and vascular remodelling. These effects might be contributed by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and modulation of the TNF-R1, p-NF-κB and VCAM-1 pathways in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisita Chaihongsa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Weerapon Sangartit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand.
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Meephat S, Prasatthong P, Potue P, Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P, Maneesai P. Diosmetin Ameliorates Vascular Dysfunction and Remodeling by Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and p-JNK/p-NF-κB Expression in Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091487. [PMID: 34573119 PMCID: PMC8469706 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosmetin is a citrus flavonoid that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study examined the effect of diosmetin on blood pressure and vascular alterations and its underlying mechanisms in experimentally hypertensive rats. Male Sprague rats were administered Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester L-NAME for five weeks and were given diosmetin at doses of 20 or 40 mg/kg or captopril (5 mg/kg) for two weeks. Diosmetin alleviated hypertension, improved endothelial dysfunction, and suppressed the overactivity of sympathetic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction in aorta and mesentery hypertensive rats (p < 0.05). Increases in plasma and aortic tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and carotid superoxide generations and reductions of plasma superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nitric oxide in hypertensive rats were ameliorated by diosmetin (p < 0.05). Diosmetin increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in hypertensive rats. Furthermore, diosmetin mitigated hypertrophy and collagen accumulation of the aortic wall in L-NAME rats. It exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing interleukin-6 (IL-6) accumulation and by overexpressing the phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) and the phospho-nuclear factor-kappaB (p-NF-κB) proteins in the aorta (p < 0.05). Captopril was a positive control substance and had similar effects to diosmetin. In summary, diosmetin reduced blood pressure and alleviated vascular abnormalities in L-NAME-treated rats. These effects might be related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as to the modulation of the expression of the Nrf2/HO1 and p-JNK/NF-κB proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariya Meephat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Patoomporn Prasatthong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand;
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (P.P.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.M.); (P.P.); (P.P.); (P.P.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43348394
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Maneesai P, Iampanichakul M, Chaihongsa N, Poasakate A, Potue P, Rattanakanokchai S, Bunbupha S, Chiangsaen P, Pakdeechote P. Butterfly Pea Flower ( Clitoria ternatea Linn.) Extract Ameliorates Cardiovascular Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Nitric Oxide-Deficient Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:523. [PMID: 33801631 PMCID: PMC8065438 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examine whether Clitoria ternatea Linn. (CT) can prevent Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced cardiac and vascular dysfunction in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were given L-NAME (40 mg/kg, drinking water) and orally administered with CT extract (300 mg/kg/day) or lisinopril (2.5 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. The main phytochemical components of the CT extract were found to be flavonoids. The CT extract alleviated the high blood pressure in rats receiving L-NAME. Decreased vasorelaxation responses to acetylcholine and enhanced contractile responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation in aortic rings and mesenteric vascular beds of L-NAME treated rats were ameliorated by CT extract supplementation. Left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction were developed in L-NAME rats, which were partially prevented by CT extract treatment. The CT extract alleviated upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, decreased plasma nitrate/nitrite levels, and increased oxidative stress in L-NAME rats. It suppressed high levels of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, plasma angiotensin II, and cardiac angiotensin II type 1 receptor, NADPH oxidases 2, nuclear factor-kappa B, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. The CT extract, therefore, partially prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension and cardiovascular alterations in rats. These effects might be related to a reduction in the oxidative stress and renin-angiotensin system activation due to L-NAME in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Metee Iampanichakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Nisita Chaihongsa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Anuson Poasakate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | | | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand;
| | | | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (M.I.); (N.C.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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