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Moreno-Londoño AP, Robles-Flores M. Functional Roles of CD133: More than Stemness Associated Factor Regulated by the Microenvironment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:25-51. [PMID: 37922108 PMCID: PMC10799829 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
CD133 protein has been one of the most used surface markers to select and identify cancer cells with stem-like features. However, its expression is not restricted to tumoral cells; it is also expressed in differentiated cells and stem/progenitor cells in various normal tissues. CD133 participates in several cellular processes, in part orchestrating signal transduction of essential pathways that frequently are dysregulated in cancer, such as PI3K/Akt signaling and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CD133 expression correlates with enhanced cell self-renewal, migration, invasion, and survival under stress conditions in cancer. Aside from the intrinsic cell mechanisms that regulate CD133 expression in each cellular type, extrinsic factors from the surrounding niche can also impact CD33 levels. The enhanced CD133 expression in cells can confer adaptive advantages by amplifying the activation of a specific signaling pathway in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we do not only describe the CD133 physiological functions known so far, but importantly, we analyze how the microenvironment changes impact the regulation of CD133 functions emphasizing its value as a marker of cell adaptability beyond a cancer-stem cell marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Patricia Moreno-Londoño
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Hashemi M, Abbaszadeh S, Rashidi M, Amini N, Talebi Anaraki K, Motahhary M, Khalilipouya E, Harif Nashtifani A, Shafiei S, Ramezani Farani M, Nabavi N, Salimimoghadam S, Aref AR, Raesi R, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Zha W. STAT3 as a newly emerging target in colorectal cancer therapy: Tumorigenesis, therapy response, and pharmacological/nanoplatform strategies. Environ Res 2023; 233:116458. [PMID: 37348629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most aggressive tumor globally, and it can be categorized into two forms: colitis-mediated CRC and sporadic CRC. The therapeutic approaches for CRC encompass surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, even with the implementation of these techniques, the 5-year survival rate for metastatic CRC remains at a mere 12-14%. In the realm of CRC treatment, gene therapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach. Among the crucial molecular pathways that govern tumorigenesis, STAT3 plays a significant role. This pathway is subject to regulation by cytokines and growth factors. Once translocated into the nucleus, STAT3 influences the expression levels of factors associated with cell proliferation and metastasis. Literature suggests that the upregulation of STAT3 expression is observed as CRC cells progress towards metastatic stages. Consequently, elevated STAT3 levels serve as a significant determinant of poor prognosis and can be utilized as a diagnostic factor for cancer patients. The biological and malignant characteristics of CRC cells contribute to low survival rates in patients, as the upregulation of STAT3 prevents apoptosis and promotes pro-survival autophagy, thereby accelerating tumorigenesis. Furthermore, STAT3 plays a role in facilitating the proliferation of CRC cells through the stimulation of glycolysis and promoting metastasis via the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Notably, an intriguing observation is that the upregulation of STAT3 can mediate resistance to 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and other anti-cancer drugs. Moreover, the radio-sensitivity of CRC diminishes with increased STAT3 expression. Compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, and other anti-tumor agents exhibit the ability to suppress STAT3 and its associated pathways, thereby impeding tumorigenesis in CRC. Furthermore, it is worth noting that nanostructures have demonstrated anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic properties in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbaszadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nafisesadat Amini
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | - Ensi Khalilipouya
- Department of Radiology, Mahdiyeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sasan Shafiei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Wenliang Zha
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
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Su Y, Choi HS, Choi JH, Kim HS, Jang YS, Seo JW. 7 S,15 R-Dihydroxy-16 S,17 S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic Acid Overcomes Chemoresistance of 5-Fluorouracil by Suppressing the Infiltration of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inhibiting the Activation of Cancer Stem Cells in a Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Model. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020080. [PMID: 36827121 PMCID: PMC9967312 DOI: 10.3390/md21020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the tumor bulk is initially reduced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), chemoresistance developed due to prolonged chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). The enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to chemoresistance and poor outcomes. A docosahexaenoic acid derivative developed by our group, 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid (diHEP-DPA), exerts antitumor effects against TAMs infiltration and CSCs enrichment in our previous study. The current study aimed to investigate whether diHEP-DPA was able to overcome chemoresistance to 5-FU in CRCs, together with the potential synergistic mechanisms in a CT26-BALB/c mouse model. Our results suggested that although 5-FU inhibited tumor growth, 5-FU enriched CSCs via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, resulting in chemoresistance in CRCs. However, we revealed that 5-FU promoted the infiltration of TAMs via the NF-kB signaling pathway and improved epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway; these traits were believed to contribute to CSC activation. Furthermore, supplementation with diHEP-DPA could overcome drug resistance by decreasing the CSCs, suppressing the infiltration of TAMs, and inhibiting EMT progression. Additionally, the combinatorial treatment of diHEP-DPA and 5-FU effectively enhanced phagocytosis by blocking the CD47/signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) axis. These findings present that diHEP-DPA is a potential therapeutic supplement to improve drug outcomes and suppress chemoresistance associated with the current 5-FU-based therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Choi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon-si 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.J.); (J.-W.S.); Tel.: +82-63-570-5160 (J.-W.S.)
| | - Jeong-Woo Seo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si 56212, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.J.); (J.-W.S.); Tel.: +82-63-570-5160 (J.-W.S.)
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Wang L, Choi H, Su Y, Lee B, Choi J, Jang SH, Jang YS, Seo JW. Protective effect of 17S‑epoxy‑docosapentaenoic acid against dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in BALB/c mice. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:278. [PMID: 35856414 PMCID: PMC9364144 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is difficult to eradicate as it leads to chronic inflammation in the digestive tract due to immune system malfunction. The present study demonstrated the protective effect of 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid (diHEP-DPA), which had been previously synthesized, on a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced BALB/c mouse model of UC. UC was induced with 4% DSS drinking water for 7 days. Initially, the anti-inflammatory effect of diHEP-DPA was confirmed by demonstrating that lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP1 cells treated with diHEP-DPA decreased IL-6, TNF-α and nitrite levels by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and Griess reagent kit. The results indicated that the administration of diHEP-DPA at 20 µg/kg significantly reduced the severity of colitis, as determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the colon tissue and serum were significantly reduced in the diHEP-DPA + DSS-treated group compared with in the control group, as determined by FACS and ELISA kit. It was also observed that diHEP-DPA decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitrite levels in the colon tissues of diHEP-DPA + DSS-treated mice, as indicated using commercial MPO and nitric oxide kits. The diHEP-DPA+DSS-treated mice also exhibited decreased expression levels of phosporylated (p)-inhibitor κB protein, p-p65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the colon tissue by inhibiting inflammation, which were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and weatern blot analysis. Overall, the present study demonstrated the protective effect of diHEP-DPA against a severe colitis condition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Wang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk‑do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Choi
- College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Su
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk‑do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Binna Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk‑do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk‑do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Jang
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk‑do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk‑do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Seo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk‑do 56212, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Lu L, Zhang G, Ji G, Xu H. The role and therapeutic implication of endoplasmic reticulum stress in inflammatory cancer transformation. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2277-2292. [PMID: 35693091 PMCID: PMC9185617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when proteins are affected by various factors, fail to fold properly into higher structures and accumulate in the lumen of the ER, which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore normal cellular function or induce apoptosis as a self-protective mechanism. However, a growing number of studies have shown that the three branches of ER stress and the UPR can mediate inflammation and cancer development by interacting with inflammatory transformation-related signaling pathways. Targeting the UPR, especially the use of small molecules that target the active sites of the enzymes IRE1α and PERK and BIP/GRP78 inhibitors are potential strategies for treating tumors and have shown promising results in some tumor models. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the progress of ER stress/UPR research and the signaling pathways associated with inflammatory cancer transformation, provide an in-depth description of the mechanisms of these pathways, and outline strategies in the field of UPR biology in tumor therapy to provide new ideas for the mechanisms of inflammatory cancer transformation and tumor-related treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200032, China
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