1
|
Cao Y, Xu W, Liu Q. Alterations of the blood-brain barrier during aging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:881-895. [PMID: 38513138 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241240843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the blood and the central nervous system. It undergoes structural and functional changes during aging, which may compromise its integrity and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, advances in microscopy and high-throughput bioinformatics have allowed a more in-depth investigation of the aging mechanisms of BBB. This review summarizes age-related alterations of the BBB structure and function from six perspectives: endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, basement membrane, microglia and perivascular macrophages, and fibroblasts, ranging from the molecular level to the human multi-system level. These basic components are essential for the proper functioning of the BBB. Recent imaging methods of BBB were also reviewed. Elucidation of age-associated BBB changes may offer insights into BBB homeostasis and may provide effective therapeutic strategies to protect it during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Yue Z, Liu Z, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhang F, Hu T, Fu J. The impact of Nrf2 knockout on the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine in a mice model of cognitive impairment. Behav Brain Res 2024; 469:115006. [PMID: 38692357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway represents a crucial intrinsic protective system against oxidative stress and inflammation and plays a significant role in various neurological disorders. However, the effect of Nrf2 signalling on the regulation of cognitive impairment remains unknown. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has neuroprotective effects and can ameliorate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Our objective was to observe whether Nrf2 knockout influences the efficacy of DEX in improving cognitive impairment and to attempt to understand its underlying mechanisms. An LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction model in wild-type and Nrf2 knockout mice (Institute of Cancer Research background; male; 8-12 weeks) was used to observe the impact of DEX on cognitive dysfunction. LPS was intraperitoneally injected, followed by novel object recognition and morris water maze experiments 24 h later. Hippocampal tissues were collected for histopathological and molecular analyses. Our research findings suggest that DEX enhances the expression of NQO1, HO-1, PSD95, and SYP proteins in hippocampal tissue, inhibits microglial proliferation, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-ɑ, increases anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and improves dendritic spine density, thereby alleviating cognitive dysfunction induced by LPS. However, the knockout of the Nrf2 gene negated the aforementioned effects of DEX. In conclusion, DEX alleviates cognitive deficits induced by LPS through mechanisms of anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation, as well as by increasing synaptic protein expression and dendritic spine density. However, the knockout of the Nrf2 gene reversed the effects of DEX. The Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the mitigation of LPS-induced cognitive impairment by DEX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhifeng Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huaqin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianfeng Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tu K, Zhou W, Kong S. Integrating Multi-omics Data for Alzheimer's Disease to Explore Its Biomarkers Via the Hypergraph-Regularized Joint Deep Semi-Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Algorithm. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:43. [PMID: 38619646 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. Its etiology may be associated with genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. With the advancement of technology, the integration of genomics, transcriptomics, and imaging data related to AD allows simultaneous exploration of molecular information at different levels and their interaction within the organism. This paper proposes a hypergraph-regularized joint deep semi-non-negative matrix factorization (HR-JDSNMF) algorithm to integrate positron emission tomography (PET), single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and gene expression data for AD. The method employs matrix factorization techniques to nonlinearly decompose the original data at multiple layers, extracting deep features from different omics data, and utilizes hypergraph mining to uncover high-order correlations among the three types of data. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach outperforms several matrix factorization-based algorithms and effectively identifies multi-omics biomarkers for AD. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for AD were collected, and genes within significant modules were used to categorize different types of cell clusters into high and low-risk cell groups. Finally, the study extensively explores the differences in differentiation and communication between these two cell types. The multi-omics biomarkers unearthed in this study can serve as valuable references for the clinical diagnosis and drug target discovery for AD. The realization of the algorithm in this paper code is available at https://github.com/ShubingKong/HR-JDSNMF .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tu
- Department of Radiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China
| | - Shubing Kong
- Department of Radiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kishk A, Pires Pacheco M, Heurtaux T, Sauter T. Metabolic models predict fotemustine and the combination of eflornithine/rifamycin and adapalene/cannabidiol for the treatment of gliomas. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae199. [PMID: 38701414 PMCID: PMC11066901 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumors, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) having a median survival of 15 months due to drug resistance and relapse. The treatment of gliomas relies on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Only 12 anti-brain tumor chemotherapies (AntiBCs), mostly alkylating agents, have been approved so far. Glioma subtype-specific metabolic models were reconstructed to simulate metabolite exchanges, in silico knockouts and the prediction of drug and drug combinations for all three subtypes. The simulations were confronted with literature, high-throughput screenings (HTSs), xenograft and clinical trial data to validate the workflow and further prioritize the drug candidates. The three subtype models accurately displayed different degrees of dependencies toward glutamine and glutamate. Furthermore, 33 single drugs, mainly antimetabolites and TXNRD1-inhibitors, as well as 17 drug combinations were predicted as potential candidates for gliomas. Half of these drug candidates have been previously tested in HTSs. Half of the tested drug candidates reduce proliferation in cell lines and two-thirds in xenografts. Most combinations were predicted to be efficient for all three glioma types. However, eflornithine/rifamycin and cannabidiol/adapalene were predicted specifically for GBM and low-grade glioma, respectively. Most drug candidates had comparable efficiency in preclinical tests, cerebrospinal fluid bioavailability and mode-of-action to AntiBCs. However, fotemustine and valganciclovir alone and eflornithine and celecoxib in combination with AntiBCs improved the survival compared to AntiBCs in two-arms, phase I/II and higher glioma clinical trials. Our work highlights the potential of metabolic modeling in advancing glioma drug discovery, which accurately predicted metabolic vulnerabilities, repurposable drugs and combinations for the glioma subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kishk
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Pires Pacheco
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Monsalvo-Maraver LA, Ovalle-Noguez EA, Nava-Osorio J, Maya-López M, Rangel-López E, Túnez I, Tinkov AA, Tizabi Y, Aschner M, Santamaría A. Interactions Between the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System, Nrf2, and the Cannabinoidome as Protective Strategies to Combat Neurodegeneration: Review on Experimental Evidence. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:18. [PMID: 38393521 PMCID: PMC10891226 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are chronic brain diseases that affect humans worldwide. Although many different factors are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders, alterations in several key elements such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, and the endocannabinoid system (ECS or endocannabinoidome) have been implicated in their etiology. Impairment of these elements has been linked to the origin and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, while their potentiation is thought to promote neuronal survival and overall neuroprotection, as proved with several experimental models. These key neuroprotective pathways can interact and indirectly activate each other. In this review, we summarize the neuroprotective potential of the UPS, ECS, and Nrf2 signaling, both separately and combined, pinpointing their role as a potential therapeutic approach against several hallmarks of neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Angel Monsalvo-Maraver
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Enid A Ovalle-Noguez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jade Nava-Osorio
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisol Maya-López
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rangel-López
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Maimonides de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Red Española de Excelencia en Estimulación Cerebral (REDESTIM), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U. Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu M, Yue Q, He Z, Ling X, Wang W, Gong M. Wu-zhu-yu Decoction reduces early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant system via SIRT6 targeting. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117335. [PMID: 37863400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Early brain damage (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a long-lasting condition with a high occurrence. However, treatment options are restricted. Wu-zhu-yu Decoction (WZYD) can treat headaches and vomiting, which are similar to the early symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, it is yet unknown if WZYD can reduce EBI following SAH and its underlying mechanisms. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate whether WZYD protects against EBI following SAH by inhibiting oxidative stress through activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling via Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6)-mediated histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56) deacetylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current investigation, the principal components of WZYD were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The SAH model in rats using the internal carotid artery plug puncture approach and the SAH model in primary neurons using hemoglobin incubation were developed. WZYD with different doses (137 mg kg-1, 274 mg kg-1, 548 mg kg-1) and the positive drug-Nimodipine (40 mg kg-1) were intragastrically administered in SAH model rats, respectively. The PC12 cells were cultured with corresponding medicated for 24h. In our investigation, neurological scores, brain water content, Evans blue leakage, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, oxidative stress, expression of apoptosis-related proteins, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling were evaluated. The interaction between SIRT6 and Nrf2 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. SIRT6 knockdown was used to confirm its role in WZYD's neuroprotection. RESULTS The WZYD treatment dramatically reduced cerebral hemorrhage and edema, and enhanced neurological results in EBI following SAH rats. WZYD administration inhibited neuronal apoptosis via reducing the expression levels of Cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(Cleaved Caspase-3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(caspase-3), and Bcl-2, Associated X Protein (Bax) and increasing the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bal2). It also decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in the rat brain after SAH. In vitro, WZYD attenuated hemoglobin-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in primary neurons. Mechanistically, WZYD enhanced SIRT6 expression and H3K56 deacetylation, activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, and promoted the interaction between SIRT6 and Nrf2. Knockdown of SIRT6 abolished WZYD-induced neuroprotection. CONCLUSIONS WZYD attenuates EBI after SAH by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling through SIRT6-mediated H3K56 deacetylation, suggesting its therapeutic potential for SAH treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiyu Yue
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziyang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingjie Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changshu No.2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, 215500, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neagu M, Constantin C, Surcel M, Munteanu A, Scheau C, Savulescu-Fiedler I, Caruntu C. Diabetic neuropathy: A NRF2 disease? J Diabetes 2023. [PMID: 38158644 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has multifarious action with its target genes having redox-regulating functions and being involved in inflammation control, proteostasis, autophagy, and metabolic pathways. Therefore, the genes controlled by NRF2 are involved in the pathogenesis of myriad diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Amidst this large array of diseases, diabetic neuropathy (DN) occurs in half of patients diagnosed with diabetes and appears as an injury inflicted upon peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. As a complex effector factor, NRF2 has entered the spotlight during the search of new biomarkers and/or new therapy targets in DN. Due to the growing attention for NRF2 as a modulating factor in several diseases, including DN, this paper aims to update the recently discovered regulatory pathways of NRF2 in oxidative stress, inflammation and immunity. It presents the animal models that further facilitated the human studies in regard to NRF2 modulation and the possibilities of using NRF2 as DN biomarker and/or as target therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Munteanu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine - Coltea Clinical Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, "Prof. N.C. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang G, Zhou W, Zhang M, Zhong X, Qiu H, Xiang Y, Zhang Z, Li P, Wang D. Induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by 1-bromopropane in SH-SY5Y cells correlates with inhibition of Nrf2 function. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38047545 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2288795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we established SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells as an in vitro model to investigate whether oxidative stress and the nuclear erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway are associated with 1-bromopropane (1-BP) -induced nerve cell injury. We identified that 1-BP exhibited neurotoxicity mainly through oxidant-based processes in SH-SY5Y cells, as reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde levels, and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine significantly increased, while superoxide dismutase activity decreased. Furthermore, Nrf2 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus was inhibited, as was downstream protein expression of the Nrf2-regulated genes HO-1 and Bcl-2. Activation of caspase-9 and -3 increased, and apoptosis was observed. Vitamin C alleviated 1-BP-induced apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Knockdown of Nrf2 in SH-SY5Y cells increased 1-BP-induced reactive oxygen species production and cell apoptosis, and inhibited HO-1 and Bcl-2 protein expression, while overexpression of Nrf2 alleviated these processes. These findings suggest that 1-BP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells are associated with Nrf2 function inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Yang
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhong
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haili Qiu
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingping Xiang
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peimao Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianpeng Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dutta BJ, Rakshe PS, Maurya N, Chib S, Singh S. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of natural stilbene: Exploring pterostilbene as a powerful ally against aging and cognitive decline. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102125. [PMID: 37979699 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of natural stilbenes, with a particular focus on pterostilbene (PTE), has emerged as a promising avenue of research targeting age-associated conditions encompassing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cognitive decline. This comprehensive investigation delves into the intricate mechanisms through which PTE, a polyphenolic compound abundant in grapes and blueberries, exerts its advantageous effects as an anti-aging agent. Central to its action is the modulation of hallmark aging processes, including oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, telomere attrition, and cellular senescence. PTE's ability to effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier amplifies its potential for safeguarding neural health, thereby facilitating the regulation of neuronal signalling cascades, synaptic plasticity, and mitochondrial functionality. Through engagement with sirtuin proteins, it orchestrates cellular resilience, longevity, and metabolic equilibrium. Encouraging findings from preclinical studies portray PTE as a robust candidate for counteracting age-linked cognitive decline, augmenting memory consolidation, and potentially ameliorating neurodegenerative maladies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The synthesis of current scientific insights accentuates the promising translational prospects of PTE as a potent, naturally derived therapeutic agent against cognitive impairments associated with aging. Consequently, these collective findings lay a solid groundwork for forthcoming clinical inquiries and innovative therapeutic interventions in this realm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Pratik Shankar Rakshe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Niyogita Maurya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Badal - Bathinda Rd, Ghudda, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. A big picture of the mitochondria-mediated signals: From mitochondria to organism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:45-61. [PMID: 37619311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well-known for years as the powerhouse and biosynthetic center of the cell, are dynamic signaling organelles beyond their energy production and biosynthesis functions. The metabolic functions of mitochondria, playing an important role in various biological events both in physiological and stress conditions, transform them into important cellular stress sensors. Mitochondria constantly communicate with the rest of the cell and even from other cells to the organism, transmitting stress signals including oxidative and reductive stress or adaptive signals such as mitohormesis. Mitochondrial signal transduction has a vital function in regulating integrity of human genome, organelles, cells, and ultimately organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tambe MA, de Rus Jacquet A, Strathearn KE, Hensel JA, Colón BD, Chandran A, Yousef GG, Grace MH, Ferruzzi MG, Wu Q, Simon JE, Lila MA, Rochet JC. Protective Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts against Neurotoxicity Elicited by Paraquat or Rotenone in Cellular Models of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1463. [PMID: 37508001 PMCID: PMC10376534 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving motor symptoms caused by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Epidemiological evidence suggests that anthocyanin (ANC) intake is associated with a low risk of PD. Previously, we reported that extracts enriched with ANC and proanthocyanidins (PAC) suppressed dopaminergic neuron death elicited by the PD-related toxin rotenone in a primary midbrain culture model. Here, we characterized botanical extracts enriched with a mixed profile of polyphenols, as well as a set of purified polyphenolic standards, in terms of their ability to mitigate dopaminergic cell death in midbrain cultures exposed to another PD-related toxicant, paraquat (PQ), and we examined underlying neuroprotective mechanisms. Extracts prepared from blueberries, black currants, grape seeds, grape skin, mulberries, and plums, as well as several ANC, were found to rescue dopaminergic neuron loss in PQ-treated cultures. Comparison of a subset of ANC-rich extracts for the ability to mitigate neurotoxicity elicited by PQ versus rotenone revealed that a hibiscus or plum extract was only neuroprotective in cultures exposed to rotenone or PQ, respectively. Several extracts or compounds with the ability to protect against PQ neurotoxicity increased the activity of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 in cultured astrocytes, and PQ-induced dopaminergic cell death was attenuated in Nrf2-expressing midbrain cultures. In other studies, we found that extracts prepared from hibiscus, grape skin, or purple basil (but not plums) rescued defects in O2 consumption in neuronal cells treated with rotenone. Collectively, these findings suggest that extracts enriched with certain combinations of ANC, PAC, stilbenes, and other polyphenols could potentially slow neurodegeneration in the brains of individuals exposed to PQ or rotenone by activating cellular antioxidant mechanisms and/or alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitali A Tambe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 207 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Aurélie de Rus Jacquet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 207 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Katherine E Strathearn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 207 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hensel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 207 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bryce D Colón
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 207 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Aswathy Chandran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 207 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gad G Yousef
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Mary H Grace
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Qingli Wu
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - James E Simon
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 207 S. Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao Z, Dong R, You Q, Jiang Z. Medicinal Chemistry Insights into the Development of Small-Molecule Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37441735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) exerts a central role in regulating the cellular defense system against oxidative and electrophilic insults. Nonelectrophilic inhibition of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and Nrf2 has become a promising approach to activate Nrf2. Recently, multiple drug discovery strategies have facilitated the development of small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors with potent activity and favorable drug-like properties. In this Perspective, we summarize the latest progress of small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors from medicinal chemistry insights and discuss future prospects and challenges in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruitian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. The bridge between cell survival and cell death: reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular stress. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:520-555. [PMID: 37534225 PMCID: PMC10390897 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
As a requirement of aerobic metabolism, regulation of redox homeostasis is indispensable for the continuity of living homeostasis and life. Since the stability of the redox state is necessary for the maintenance of the biological functions of the cells, the balance between the pro-oxidants, especially ROS and the antioxidant capacity is kept in balance in the cells through antioxidant defense systems. The pleiotropic transcription factor, Nrf2, is the master regulator of the antioxidant defense system. Disruption of redox homeostasis leads to oxidative and reductive stress, bringing about multiple pathophysiological conditions. Oxidative stress characterized by high ROS levels causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cell death, while reductive stress characterized by low ROS levels disrupt physiological cell functions. The fact that ROS, which were initially attributed as harmful products of aerobic metabolism, at the same time function as signal molecules at non-toxic levels and play a role in the adaptive response called mithormesis points out that ROS have a dose-dependent effect on cell fate determination. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nese Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Riza Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tambe MA, de Rus Jacquet A, Strathearn KE, Yousef GG, Grace MH, Ferruzzi MG, Wu Q, Simon JE, Lila MA, Rochet JC. Protective effects of polyphenol-rich extracts against neurotoxicity elicited by paraquat or rotenone in cellular models of Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538474. [PMID: 37163110 PMCID: PMC10168339 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving motor symptoms caused by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Epidemiological evidence suggests that anthocyanin (ANC) intake is associated with a low risk of PD. Previously, we reported that extracts enriched with ANC and proanthocyanidins (PAC) suppressed dopaminergic neuron death elicited by the PD-related toxin rotenone in a primary midbrain culture model. Here, we characterized botanical extracts enriched with a mixed profile of polyphenols, as well as a set of purified polyphenolic standards, in terms of their ability to mitigate dopaminergic cell death in midbrain cultures exposed to another PD-related toxicant, paraquat (PQ), and we examined underlying neuroprotective mechanisms. Extracts prepared from blueberries, black currants, grape seeds, grape skin, mulberries, and plums, as well as several ANC, were found to rescue dopaminergic neuron loss in PQ-treated cultures. Comparison of a subset of ANC-rich extracts for the ability to mitigate neurotoxicity elicited by PQ versus rotenone revealed that a hibiscus or plum extract was only neuroprotective in cultures exposed to rotenone or PQ, respectively. Several extracts or compounds with the ability to protect against PQ neurotoxicity increased the activity of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 in cultured astrocytes, and PQ-induced dopaminergic cell death was attenuated in Nrf2-expressing midbrain cultures. In other studies, we found that extracts prepared from hibiscus, grape skin, or purple basil (but not plums) rescued defects in O 2 consumption in neuronal cells treated with rotenone. Collectively, these findings suggest that extracts enriched with certain combinations of ANC, PAC, stilbenes, and other polyphenols could potentially slow neurodegeneration in the brains of individuals exposed to PQ or rotenone by activating cellular antioxidant mechanisms and/or alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
15
|
Amoroso R, Maccallini C, Bellezza I. Activators of Nrf2 to Counteract Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030778. [PMID: 36979026 PMCID: PMC10045503 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable and debilitating conditions that result in progressive degeneration and loss of nerve cells. Oxidative stress has been proposed as one factor that plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders since neuron cells are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is strictly related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidative cell response; therefore, its activation and the consequent enhancement of the related cellular pathways have been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach. Several Nrf2 activators with different mechanisms and diverse structures have been reported, but those applied for neurodisorders are still limited. However, in the very last few years, interesting progress has been made, particularly in enhancing the blood-brain barrier penetration, to make Nrf2 activators effective drugs, and in designing Nrf2-based multitarget-directed ligands to affect multiple pathways involved in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review gives an overview of the most representative findings in this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G.d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G.d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, P.e Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030663. [PMID: 36978911 PMCID: PMC10045397 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a biodiverse family of dietary compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial cell protective profiles. They have received considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents in biomedicine and have been widely used in traditional complimentary medicine for generations. Such complimentary medical herbal formulations are extremely complex mixtures of many pharmacologically active compounds that provide a therapeutic outcome through a network pharmacological effects of considerable complexity. Methods are emerging to determine the active components used in complimentary medicine and their therapeutic targets and to decipher the complexities of how network pharmacology provides such therapeutic effects. The gut microbiome has important roles to play in the generation of bioactive flavonoid metabolites retaining or exceeding the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the intact flavonoid and, in some cases, new antitumor and antineurodegenerative bioactivities. Certain food items have been identified with high prebiotic profiles suggesting that neutraceutical supplementation may be beneficially employed to preserve a healthy population of bacterial symbiont species and minimize the establishment of harmful pathogenic organisms. Gut health is an important consideration effecting the overall health and wellbeing of linked organ systems. Bioconversion of dietary flavonoid components in the gut generates therapeutic metabolites that can also be transported by the vagus nerve and systemic circulation to brain cell populations to exert a beneficial effect. This is particularly important in a number of neurological disorders (autism, bipolar disorder, AD, PD) characterized by effects on moods, resulting in depression and anxiety, impaired motor function, and long-term cognitive decline. Native flavonoids have many beneficial properties in the alleviation of inflammation in tissues, however, concerns have been raised that therapeutic levels of flavonoids may not be achieved, thus allowing them to display optimal therapeutic effects. Dietary manipulation and vagal stimulation have both yielded beneficial responses in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders, depression, and anxiety, establishing the vagal nerve as a route of communication in the gut-brain axis with established roles in disease intervention. While a number of native flavonoids are beneficial in the treatment of neurological disorders and are known to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, microbiome-generated flavonoid metabolites (e.g., protocatechuic acid, urolithins, γ-valerolactones), which retain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency of the native flavonoid in addition to bioactive properties that promote mitochondrial health and cerebrovascular microcapillary function, should also be considered as potential biotherapeutic agents. Studies are warranted to experimentally examine the efficacy of flavonoid metabolites directly, as they emerge as novel therapeutic options.
Collapse
|
17
|
Downregulation of Nrf2 in the Hippocampus Contributes to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Rats by Sensitizing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7272456. [PMID: 36819786 PMCID: PMC9935806 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7272456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a recognized clinical complication defined by a new cognitive impairment arising after a surgical procedure. Elderly patients are especially vulnerable to cognitive impairment after surgical operations, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, a brain region involved in memory formation, are considered as major contributors to the development of POCD. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of endogenous inducible defense system, plays a crucial role in protecting cells against oxidative stress and inflammation by enhancing transcription of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory target genes. Here, we examined whether aging downregulates Nrf2 in the hippocampus and, if so, whether downregulation of hippocampal Nrf2 contributes to POCD in aging. Young and aged rats underwent abdominal surgery or sham operation. One week later, cognitive function was assessed, and brains were collected for molecular studies. Compared with young sham rats, aged sham rats exhibited a significant reduction in expression of Nrf2 in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the expression of Nrf2 downstream target genes and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus as well as cognitive function were comparable between aged sham and young sham rats. After abdominal surgery, young rats showed significant upregulation of Nrf2 and its target genes in the hippocampus. However, aged rats did not show changes in expression of Nrf2 and its target genes but had increased levels of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus, along with cognitive impairment as indicated by reduced contextual freezing time. Moreover, upregulation of hippocampal Nrf2 in aged rats with intracerebroventricular infusion of a Nrf2 activator reduced levels of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus, ameliorating cognitive dysfunction after surgery. The results suggest that aging-induced downregulation of Nrf2 in the hippocampus causes the failure to activate Nrf2-regulated antioxidant defense system in response to surgical insult, which contributes to POCD by sensitizing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Nrf2 activation in the brain may be a novel strategy to prevent the cognitive decline in elderly patients after surgery.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cognitive Healthy Aging in Mice: Boosting Memory by an Ergothioneine-Rich Hericium erinaceus Primordium Extract. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020196. [PMID: 36829475 PMCID: PMC9953177 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brain aging is a crucial risk factor for several neurodegenerative disorders and dementia. The most affected cognitive function is memory, worsening early during aging. Inflammation and oxidative stress are known to have a role in pathogenesis of cognitive impairments, and a link exists between aging/frailty and immunosenescence/inflammaging. Based on anti-aging properties, medicinal mushrooms represent a source to develop medicines and functional foods. In particular, Hericium erinaceus (He) displays several actions ranging from boosting the immune system to fighting senescence, due to its active ingredients/metabolites. Among these, Ergothioneine (ERGO) is known as the longevity vitamin. Currently, we demonstrated the efficacy of an ERGO-rich He primordium extract (He2) in preventing cognitive decline in a murine model of aging. We focused on recognition memory deterioration during aging, monitored through spontaneous behavioral tests assessing both memory components and frailty index. A parallel significant decrease in key markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, i.e., IL6, TGFβ1, GFAP, Nrf2, SOD1, COX2, NOS2, was revealed in the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry, accompanied by an enhancement of NMDAR1and mGluR2, crucially involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission. In summary, we disclosed a selective, preventive and neuroprotective effect of He2 on aged hippocampus, both on recognition memory as well on inflammation/oxidative stress/glutamate receptors expression.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sandouka S, Saadi A, Singh PK, Olowe R, Shekh-Ahmad T. Nrf2 is predominantly expressed in hippocampal neurons in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:3. [PMID: 36600279 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance is a particular problem in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, where seizures originate mainly from the hippocampus. Many of these epilepsies are acquired conditions following an insult to the brain such as a prolonged seizure. Such conditions are characterized by pathophysiological mechanisms including massive oxidative stress that synergistically mediate the secondary brain damage, contributing to the development of epilepsy. The transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) has emerged in recent years as an attractive therapeutic approach targeting to upregulate the antioxidative defenses in the cell, to ameliorate the oxidative stress-induced damage. Thus, it is important to understand the characteristics of Nrf2 activation during epileptogenesis and epilepsy. Here, we studied the temporal, regional, and cell-type specific expression of Nrf2 in the brain, in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. RESULTS Early after status-epilepticus, Nrf2 is mainly activated in the hippocampus and maintained during the whole period of epileptogenesis. Only transient expression of Nrf2 was observed in the cortex. Nevertheless, the expression of several Nrf2 antioxidant target genes was increased within 24 h after status-epilepticus in both the cortex and the hippocampus. We demonstrated that after status-epilepticus in rats, Nrf2 is predominantly expressed in neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, and only astrocytes in the CA1 increase their Nrf2 expression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data identify previously unrecognized spatial and cell-type dependent activation of Nrf2 during epilepsy development, highlighting the need for a time-controlled, and cell-type specific activation of the Nrf2 pathway for mediating anti-oxidant response after brain insult, to modify the development of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sereen Sandouka
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aseel Saadi
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Prince Kumar Singh
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rhoda Olowe
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pezzini A. Long-term consequences of subarachnoid haemorrhage: Is it time for new strategies? Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1-2. [PMID: 36168744 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang C, Cheng T, Lu Q, Li W, Liu B, Yue L, Du M, Sheng W, Lu Z, Yang J, Geng F, Gao X, Lü J, Pan X. Oxygen therapy accelerates apoptosis induced by selenium compounds via regulating Nrf2/MAPK signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106624. [PMID: 36563868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Selenium has good antitumor effects in vitro, but the hypoxic microenvironment in solid tumors makes its clinical efficacy unsatisfactory. We hypothesized that the combination with oxygen therapy might improve the treatment efficacy of selenium in hypoxic tumors through the changes of redox environment. In this work, two selenium compounds, Na2SeO3 and CysSeSeCys, were selected to interrogate their therapeutic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) under different oxygen levels. In tumor-bearing mice, both selenium compounds significantly inhibited the tumor growth, and combined with oxygen therapy further reduced the tumor volume about 50 %. In vitro HepG2 cell experiments, selenium induced autophagy and delayed apoptosis under hypoxia (1 % O2), while inhibited autophagy and accelerated apoptosis under hyperoxia (60 % O2). We found that, in contrast to hypoxia, the hyperoxic environment facilitated the H2Se, produced by the selenium metabolism in cells, to be rapidly oxidized to generate H2O2, leading to inhibit the expression level of Nrf2 and to increase that of phosphorylation of p38 and MKK4, resulting in inhibiting autophagy and accelerating apoptosis. Once the Nrf2 gene was knocked down, selenium compounds combined with hyperoxia treatment would further activate the MAPK signaling pathway and further increase apoptosis. These findings highlight oxygen can significantly enhance the anti-HCC effect of selenium compounds through regulating the Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways, thus providing novel therapeutic strategy for the hypoxic tumors and pave the way for the application of selenium in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | | | - Qianqian Lu
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lijun Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Maoru Du
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Wenxue Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhaochen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jingnan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Feng Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Junhong Lü
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, China.; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Exploiting Polyphenol-Mediated Redox Reorientation in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121540. [PMID: 36558995 PMCID: PMC9787032 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol, one of the major components that exert the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), comprises several categories, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes, and has long been studied in oncology due to its significant efficacy against cancers in vitro and in vivo. Recent evidence has linked this antitumor activity to the role of polyphenols in the modulation of redox homeostasis (e.g., pro/antioxidative effect) in cancer cells. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis could lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress, which is essential for many aspects of tumors, such as tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance. Thus, investigating the ROS-mediated anticancer properties of polyphenols is beneficial for the discovery and development of novel pharmacologic agents. In this review, we summarized these extensively studied polyphenols and discussed the regulatory mechanisms related to the modulation of redox homeostasis that are involved in their antitumor property. In addition, we discussed novel technologies and strategies that could promote the development of CHM-derived polyphenols to improve their versatile anticancer properties, including the development of novel delivery systems, chemical modification, and combination with other agents.
Collapse
|