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Demirel S. Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1122-1141. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular health, and dysfunction in this context diminishes vasorelaxation concomitant with endothelial activity. The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, prostacyclin-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, inhibition of phosphodiesterase, and the opening of potassium channels, coupled with the reduction of calcium levels in the cell, constitute critical mechanisms governing vasorelaxation. Cardiovascular disease stands as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes, with adults afflicted by diabetes exhibiting a heightened cardiovascular risk compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. A plethora of medicinal plants, characterized by potent pharmacological effects and minimal side effects, holds promise in addressing these concerns. In this review, we delineate various medicinal plants and their respective biochemical constituents, showcasing concurrent vasorelaxant and anti-diabetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadettin Demirel
- Medicine School, Physiology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Türkiye
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Abbas Z, Tong Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Wei X, Si D, Zhang R. Potential Role and Mechanism of Mulberry Extract in Immune Modulation: Focus on Chemical Compositions, Mechanistic Insights, and Extraction Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5333. [PMID: 38791372 PMCID: PMC11121110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mulberry is a rapidly growing plant that thrives in diverse climatic, topographical, and soil types, spanning temperature and temperate countries. Mulberry plants are valued as functional foods for their abundant chemical composition, serving as a significant reservoir of bioactive compounds like proteins, polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, these compounds displayed potent antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring elevated nitric oxide production induced by LPS stimulation through the downregulation of inducible NO synthase expression. Active components like oxyresveratrol found in Morus demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting leukocyte migration through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Gallic and chlorogenic acids in mulberry leaves (ML) powder-modulated TNF, IL-6, and IRS1 proteins, improving various inflammatory conditions by immune system modulation. As we delve deeper into understanding its anti-inflammatory potential and how it works therapeutically, it is crucial to refine the extraction process to enhance the effectiveness of its bioactive elements. Recent advancements in extraction techniques, such as solid-liquid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, superficial fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, are being explored. Among the extraction methods tested, including Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), UAE demonstrated superior efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds from mulberry leaves. Overall, this comprehensive review sheds light on the potential of mulberry as a natural immunomodulatory agent and provides insights into its mechanisms of action for future research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.A.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (D.S.)
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Wang Y, Ai Q, Gu M, Guan H, Yang W, Zhang M, Mao J, Lin Z, Liu Q, Liu J. Comprehensive overview of different medicinal parts from Morus alba L.: chemical compositions and pharmacological activities. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364948. [PMID: 38694910 PMCID: PMC11061381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L., a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a centuries-old medicinal history, owned various medicinal parts like Mori folium, Mori ramulus, Mori cortex and Mori fructus. Different medical parts exhibit distinct modern pharmacological effects. Mori folium exhibited analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic action and lipid-regulation effects. Mori ramulus owned anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic and diuretic activities. Mori cortex showed counteraction action of pain, inflammatory, bacterial, and platelet aggregation. Mori fructus could decompose fat, lower blood lipids and prevent vascular sclerosis. The main chemical components in Morus alba L. covered flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and amino acids. This article comprehensively analyzed the recent literature related to chemical components and pharmacological actions of M. alba L., summarizing 198 of ingredients and described the modern activities of different extracts and the bioactive constituents in the four parts from M. alba L. These results fully demonstrated the medicinal value of M. alba L., provided valuable references for further comprehensive development, and layed the foundation for the utilization of M. alba L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qing Ai
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meiling Gu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jialin Mao
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhao Lin
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Nie W, Liu Y, Lan J, Li T, He Y, Li Z, Zhang T, Ding Y. Self-Assembled Nanoparticles from Xie-Bai-San Decoction: Isolation, Characterization and Enhancing Oral Bioavailability. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3405-3421. [PMID: 38617795 PMCID: PMC11012829 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Natural nanoparticles have been found to exist in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoctions. However, whether natural nanoparticles can influence the oral bioavailability of active compounds has not been elucidated. Using Xie-Bai-San decoction (XBSD) as an example, the purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize and elucidate the mechanism of the nanoparticles (N-XBSD) in XBSD, and further to explore whether the bioavailability of the main active compounds could be enhanced by N-XBSD. Methods N-XBSD were isolated from XBSD, and investigated its characterization and study of its formation mechanism, and evaluation of its ability to enhance bioavailability of active compounds. Results The N-XBSD was successfully isolated with the average particle size of 104.53 nm, PDI of 0.27 and zeta potential of -5.14 mV. Meanwhile, all the eight active compounds were most presented in N-XBSD. Kukoamine B could self-assemble with mulberroside A or liquiritin to form nanoparticles, respectively. And the FT-IR and HRMS results indicated the possible binding of the ammonium group of kukoamine B with the phenolic hydroxyl group of mulberroside A or liquiritin, respectively. The established UPLC-MS/MS method was accurate and reliable and met the quantitative requirements. The pharmacokinetic behaviors of the N-XBSD and decoction were similar in rats. Most notably, compared to that of free drugs, the Cmax, AUC0-∞, AUC0-t, T1/2 and MRT0-∞ values of index compounds were the higher in N-XBSD, with a slower plasma clearance rate in rats. Conclusion The major active compounds of XBSD were mainly distributed in N-XBSD, and N-XBSD was formed through self-assembly among active compounds. N-XBSD could obviously promote the bioavailability of active compounds, indicating natural nanoparticles of decoctions play an important role in therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinshuai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yitian He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
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Dao TNP, Onikanni SA, Fadaka AO, Sibuyi NRS, Le MH, Chang HH. Phytotherapeutic potential of compounds identified from fractionated extracts of Morus alba L., as an inhibitor of interleukin-6 in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38525928 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2330713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The presence of HLA-DRB1 alleles that encode critical points associated with environmental interactions is associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis caused by anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. Therefore, interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine that controls both local and systemic acute inflammatory responses through its ability to induce a phase response, plays a serious role. Its overexpression leads to pathological challenges such as rheumatoid arthritis and menopausal osteoporosis. However, targeting the IL-6 receptor and its region could be the major step in controlling the overexpression of this cytokine for therapeutic importance. Therefore, our research explored the computational insight needed to investigate the anti-RFA potential of phytochemicals from fractionated extracts of Morus alba L. against receptors, which have been implicated as druggable targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, fifty-nine (59) previously isolated and characterized phytochemicals from M. alba L. were identified from the literature and retrieved from the PubChem database. In silico screening was used to assess the mode of action of these phytochemicals from M. alba L. against receptors that may serve as therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis. Molecular docking studies, toxicity prediction, drug visualization and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) of the ligands together with the receptor-identified target were carried out using the Schrodinger Molecular Drug Discovery Suite. The findings indicated that a selected group of ligands displayed significant binding strength to specific amino acid residues, revealing an important link between the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) and ligands at the inhibitor binding site through traditional chemical interactions, such as interactions between hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds. The binding affinities of the receptors were carefully checked via comparison with those of the approved ligands, and the results suggested structural and functional changes in the lead compounds. Therefore, the bioactive component from M. alba L. could be a lead foot interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor and could be a promising lead compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and related challenges.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Nhat Phong Dao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (ROC)
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Sunday Amos Onikanni
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan (ROC)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe-Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Minh Hoang Le
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (ROC)
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (ROC)
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (ROC)
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Limthongkul J, Akkarasereenon K, Yodweerapong T, Songthammawat P, Tong-Ngam P, Tubsuwan A, Kunkaew N, Kanjanasirirat P, Khumpanied T, Wannalo W, Ubol S, Borwornpinyo S, Ploypradith P, Ponpuak M. Novel Potent Autophagy Inhibitor Ka-003 Inhibits Dengue Virus Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:2012. [PMID: 37896789 PMCID: PMC10611120 DOI: 10.3390/v15102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year, dengue virus (DENV) affects millions of people. Currently, there are no approved drugs for the treatment of DENV infection. Autophagy is a conserved degradation process that was shown to be induced by DENV infection and required for optimal DENV replication. The modulation of autophagy is, therefore, considered an attractive target to treat DENV infection. This study carried out a high-content image screen analysis using Crispr-Cas9 GFP-LC3 knocked-in HeLa cells of a compound library synthesized from or inspired by natural products and their biocongener precursors to discover novel autophagy inhibitors. The screen identified Ka-003 as the most effective compound for decreasing the number of autophagic vacuoles inside cells upon autophagy induction. Ka-003 could inhibit autophagy in a dose-dependent manner at low micromolar concentrations. More importantly, Ka-003 demonstrated the concentration-dependent inhibition of DENV production in Crispr-Cas9 GFP-LC3 knocked-in THP-1 monocytes. The core structure of Ka-003, which is a methyl cyclohexene derivative, resembles those found in mulberry plants, and could be synthetically prepared in a bioinspired fashion. Taken together, data indicate that Ka-003 hampered autophagy and limited DENV replication. The low cytotoxicity of Ka-003 suggests its therapeutic potential, which warrants further studies for the lead optimization of the compound for dengue treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitra Limthongkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.U.)
| | - Kornkamon Akkarasereenon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand (P.P.)
| | - Tanpitcha Yodweerapong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.U.)
| | - Poramate Songthammawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand (P.P.)
| | - Pirut Tong-Ngam
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand (A.T.)
| | - Alisa Tubsuwan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand (A.T.)
| | - Nawapol Kunkaew
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phongthon Kanjanasirirat
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tanawadee Khumpanied
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Warawuth Wannalo
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.U.)
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Poonsakdi Ploypradith
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand (P.P.)
| | - Marisa Ponpuak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand (S.U.)
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Chen JJ, Yang CS, Chen YH, Chao CY, Chen YC, Kuo YH. New Triterpenoids and Anti-Inflammatory Constituents from Glinus oppositifolius. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072903. [PMID: 37049664 PMCID: PMC10096062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new triterpenoids-spergulagenin B (1), spergulagenin C (2), and spergulagenin D (3)-were isolated from the aerial part of Glinus oppositifolius, along with 17 known compounds (4-20). The structures of these new compounds were identified by spectroscopic and MS analyses. Compounds 3, 5, 19, and 20 were evaluated for inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 17.03, 18.21, 16.30, and 12.64 μM, respectively. Compounds 3, 5, and 20 exhibited inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 18.35 ± 1.34, 17.56 ± 1.41, and 14.27 ± 1.29 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Syun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Chao
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
| | - Yeuh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
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