|
1
|
Ciaglia T, Miranda MR, Di Micco S, Vietri M, Smaldone G, Musella S, Di Sarno V, Auriemma G, Sardo C, Moltedo O, Pepe G, Bifulco G, Ostacolo C, Campiglia P, Manfra M, Vestuto V, Bertamino A. Neuroprotective Potential of Indole-Based Compounds: A Biochemical Study on Antioxidant Properties and Amyloid Disaggregation in Neuroblastoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1585. [PMID: 39765912 PMCID: PMC11673510 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Revised: 12/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Based on the established neuroprotective properties of indole-based compounds and their significant potential as multi-targeted therapeutic agents, a series of synthetic indole-phenolic compounds was evaluated as multifunctional neuroprotectors. Each compound demonstrated metal-chelating properties, particularly in sequestering copper ions, with quantitative analysis revealing approximately 40% chelating activity across all the compounds. In cellular models, these hybrid compounds exhibited strong antioxidant and cytoprotective effects, countering reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the Aβ(25-35) peptide and its oxidative byproduct, hydrogen peroxide, as demonstrated by quantitative analysis showing on average a 25% increase in cell viability and a reduction in ROS levels to basal states. Further analysis using thioflavin T fluorescence assays, circular dichroism, and computational studies indicated that the synthesized derivatives effectively promoted the self-disaggregation of the Aβ(25-35) fragment. Taken together, these findings suggest a unique profile of neuroprotective actions for indole-phenolic derivatives, combining chelating, antioxidant, and anti-aggregation properties, which position them as promising compounds for the development of multifunctional agents in Alzheimer's disease therapy. The methods used provide reliable in vitro data, although further in vivo validation and assessment of blood-brain barrier penetration are needed to confirm therapeutic efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Miranda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Di Micco
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via Salvatore de Renzi 50, 84125 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Mariapia Vietri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Gerardina Smaldone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Simona Musella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Giulia Auriemma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Carla Sardo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Ornella Moltedo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Health Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (T.C.); (M.R.M.); (M.V.); (G.S.); (S.M.); (V.D.S.); (G.A.); (C.S.); (O.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (C.O.); (P.C.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Youssef OM, Lashine NH, El-Nablaway M, El-Yamany MI, Youssef MM, Arida DA. Ferulic acid mitigated rotenone toxicity -Evoked Parkinson in rat model by featuring apoptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation signaling. Tissue Cell 2024; 91:102614. [PMID: 39577325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
Over time, Parkinson disease (PD) develops as a neurological illness. The goal of this study was to see whether ferulic acid has any neuroprotective benefits on the cerebellum of rats that have Parkinson's disease brought on by rotenone poisoning. A total of twenty-four male albino rats, in good condition, weighed between 200 and 250 g and nine to ten weeks old, were employed in the investigation. The control group received 1 ml of sunflower oil intraperitoneally (i.p.) each day. Rats' motor performance was considerably worse when given rotenone than it was in the control group. Rats given Ferulic Acid (FA) showed a substantial drop in the amount of glutathione (GSH) in the cerebellum. Moreover, the injection of FA resulted in a significant reduction in the optical density (OD) of the immune-positive reaction for α-synuclein, and the area percentage of BCL-2 and NF-kB immunological positive response. FA therapy, surprisingly, enhanced the OD of TH immunopositive response and apoptotic regulators (BCL2) in the cerebellum. Furthermore, FA boosted BCL2 expression, confirming the antiapoptotic effects of FA. Based on these results, FA is probably a good candidate to treat neurodegenerative diseases brought on by long-term exposure to rotenone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Mohammed Youssef
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Hosney Lashine
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mona Ibrahim El-Yamany
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Egypt.
| | - Manar Monir Youssef
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Dina Abdalla Arida
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Hernández-Ayala LF, Guzmán-López EG, Pérez-González A, Reina M, Galano A. Molecular Insights on Coffee Components as Chemical Antioxidants. J MEX CHEM SOC 2024; 68:888-969. [DOI: 10.29356/jmcs.v68i4.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
Coffee is not only a delicious beverage but also an important dietary source of natural antioxidants. We live in a world where it is impossible to avoid pollution, stress, food additives, radiation, and other sources of oxidants that eventually lead to severe health disorders. Fortunately, there are chemicals in our diet that counteract the hazards posed by the reactive species that trigger oxidative stress. They are usually referred to as antioxidants; some of them can be versatile compounds that exert such a role in many ways. This review summarizes, from a chemical point of view, the antioxidant effects of relevant molecules found in coffee. Their mechanisms of action, trends in activity, and the influence of media and pH in aqueous solutions, are analyzed. Structure-activity relationships are discussed, and the protective roles of these compounds are examined. A particular section is devoted to derivatives of some coffee components, and another one to their bioactivity. The data used in the analysis come from theoretical and computational protocols, which have been proven to be very useful in this context. Hopefully, the information provided here will pro-mote further investigations into the amazing chemistry contained in our morning coffee cup.
Resumen. El café no solo es una bebida deliciosa, sino también una importante fuente dietética de antioxidantes naturales. Vivimos en un mundo donde es imposible evitar la contaminación, el estrés, los aditivos alimentarios, la radiación y otras fuentes de oxidantes que eventualmente conducen a trastornos de salud graves. Afortunadamente, existen sustancias químicas en nuestra dieta que contrarrestan los peligros planteados por las especies reactivas que desencadenan el estrés oxidativo. Por lo general, se les denomina antioxidantes; algunos de ellos pueden ser compuestos versátiles que ejercen dicho papel de muchas maneras. Este artículo de revisión resume, desde un punto de vista químico, los efectos antioxidantes de moléculas relevantes encontradas en el café. Se analizan sus mecanismos de acción, tendencias en la actividad y la influencia del medio y el pH en soluciones acuosas. Se discuten las relaciones estructura-actividad, y se examinan los roles protectores de estos compuestos. Se dedica una sección particular a los derivados de algunos componentes del café, y otra a su bioactividad. Los datos utilizados en el análisis provienen de protocolos teóricos y computacionales, que han demostrado ser muy útiles en este contexto. Se espera que la información proporcionada aquí promueva investigaciones futuras sobre la química contenida en nuestra taza de café matutina.
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Arınmış K, Kıyan HT, Öztürk AA. Preparation, Characterization, Antioxidant Activities, and Determination of Anti-Alzheimer Effects of PLGA-Based DDSs Containing Ferulic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11321-11338. [PMID: 38497027 PMCID: PMC10938454 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) systems have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years due to their advantages, such as modified release features, increased therapeutic efficacy, and reduced side effects. Ferulic acid (FA) has therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic. In this study, FA-loaded PLGA-based NPs were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method and the effect of varying concentrations of Poloxamer 188 and Span 60 on NP properties was investigated. FA-loaded A-FA coded formulation was chosen as optimum. High encapsulation efficiency has been achieved due to the low affinity of FA to the water phase and, therefore, its lipophilic nature, which tends to migrate to the organic phase. It was determined that the release of FA from the A-FA was slower than pure FA and prolonged release in 24 h. Antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer's effects of A-FA coded NP formulation were investigated by biological activity studies. A-FA coded NP formulation showed strong DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation decolorizing, and reducing antioxidant activity. Since it has both AChE inhibitor and antioxidant properties according to the results of its anti-Alzheimer activity, it was concluded that the formulation prepared in this study shows promise in the treatment of both oxidative stress-related diseases and Alzheimer's.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kübra
Nur Arınmış
- Graduate
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical
Technology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye
| | - H. Tuba Kıyan
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye
| | - A. Alper Öztürk
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|