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Kalaimathi K, Prabhu S, Ayyanar M, Thiruvengadam M, Shine K, Vijaya Prabhu S, Amalraj S. Unravelling the Untapped Pharmacological Potential of Plant Molecules as Inhibitors of BACE1: In Silico Explorations for Alzheimer's Disease. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04803-4. [PMID: 38158488 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an extremely complex, heterogeneous, and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by progressive memory loss and progressive decline in cognitive function. There is currently no effective treatment for the onset and/or progression of the pathophysiological diseases of AD. The global prevalence of this disease has increased in recent years due to modern lifestyle. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a drug with significant neuroprotective potential. Since plant metabolites, especially polyphenols, have important pharmacological properties acting against β-amyloid (Aβ), Tau, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, such phytochemicals were selected in the present research. Using the Schrödinger tool (Maestro V.13.6), the drug potency of these metabolites was studied after installation in the highly configured workstation. Among the 120 polyphenols docked, amygdalin showed notable docking values of - 11.2638, followed by eriocitrin (- 10.9569), keracyanin (- 10.7086), and amaroswerin (- 9.48126). The prominent MM-GBSA values of these molecules were - 62.8829, - 52.1914, - 68.6307, and - 63.1074, respectively. The MM-GBSA energy values demonstrated the drug stability of these molecules for β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)-causing AD. In the absorption and distribution assessment, these phytochemicals showed significantly better values than the inhibitors CNP520. The chosen phytochemicals have been demonstrated as non-hepatotoxic; however, the BACE1 inhibitor CNP520 is hepatotoxic. In both the molecular docking and ADMET assessments, these natural chemicals have shown optimism as potential drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease. However, in order to understand the detailed biological metabolism of these compounds in AD, they need to be evaluated in in vivo studies to validate its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunanithi Kalaimathi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Sengipatti, Thanjavur, 613402, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Prabhu
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, 683104, Kerala, India.
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- PG and Research Department of Botany, AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) Poondi (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Thanjavur (Dist), 613503, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Kadaikunnan Shine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sitrarasu Vijaya Prabhu
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Singamoorthy Amalraj
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, 683104, Kerala, India
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