1
|
Podila N, Penddinti NK, Rudrapal M, Rakshit G, Konidala SK, Pulusu VS, Bhandare RR, Shaik AB. Design, synthesis, biological and computational screening of novel pyridine-based thiadiazole derivatives as prospective anti-inflammatory agents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29390. [PMID: 38655368 PMCID: PMC11036016 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel series of pyridine-based thiadiazole derivatives (NTD1-NTD5) were synthesized as prospective anti-inflammatory agents by combining substituted carboxylic acid derivatives of 5-substituted-2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole with nicotinoyl isothiocyanate in the presence of acetone. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. First, the compounds underwent rigorous in vivo testing for acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity and the results revealed that three compounds-NTD1, NTD2, and NTD3, displayed no acute toxicity and significant anti-inflammatory activity, surpassing the efficacy of the standard drug, diclofenac. Notably, NTD3, which featured benzoic acid substitution, emerged as the most potent anti-inflammatory agent among the screened compounds. To further validate these findings, an in silico docking study was carried out against COX-2 bound to diclofenac (PDB ID: 1pxx). The computational analysis demonstrated that NTD2, and NTD3, exhibited substantial binding affinity, with the lowest binding energies (-8.5 and -8.4, kcal/mol) compared to diclofenac (-8.4 kcal/mol). This alignment between in vivo and in silico data supported the robust anti-inflammatory potential of these derivatives. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted, extending over 100 ns, to examine the dynamic interactions between the ligands and the target protein. The results solidified NTD3's position as a leading candidate, showing potent inhibitory activity through strong and sustained interactions, including stable hydrogen bond formations. This was further confirmed by RMSD values of 2-2.5 Å and 2-3Ǻ, reinforcing NTD3's potential as a useful anti-inflammatory agent. The drug likeness analysis of NTD3 through SwissADME indicated that most of the predicted parameters including Lipinski rule were within acceptable limits. While these findings are promising, further research is necessary to elucidate the precise relationships between the chemical structures and their activity, as well as to understand the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. This study lays the foundation for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics, potentially offering improved efficacy and safety profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Podila
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gourav Rakshit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Konidala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Veera Shakar Pulusu
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Athens, OH, USA, 45701
| | - Richie R. Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P O Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, P O Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B. Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur, 522212, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adeosun IJ, Baloyi I, Aljoundi AK, Salifu EY, Ibrahim MA, Cosa S. Molecular modelling of SdiA protein by selected flavonoid and terpenes compounds to attenuate virulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9938-9956. [PMID: 36416609 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2148753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the perturbing multidrug resistant (MDR) and ESKAPE pathogens contributing to the mounting morbidity, mortality and extended rate of hospitalization. Its virulence, often regulated by quorum sensing (QS) reinforces the need to explore alternative and prospective antivirulence agents, relatively from plants secondary metabolites. Computer aided drug discovery using molecular modelling techniques offers advantage to investigate prospective drugs to combat MDR pathogens. Thus, this study employed virtual screening of selected terpenes and flavonoids from medicinal plants to interrupt the QS associated SdiA protein in K. pneumoniae to attenuate its virulence. 4LFU was used as a template to model the structure of SdiA. ProCheck, Verify3D, Ramachandran plot scores, and ProSA-Web all attested to the model's good quality. Since SdiA protein in K. pneumoniae leads to the expression of virulence, 31 prospective bioactive compounds were docked for antagonistic potential. The stability of the protein-ligand complex, atomic motions and inter-atomic interactions were further investigated through molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) at 100 ns production runs. The binding free energy was estimated using the molecular mechanics/poisson-boltzmann surface area (MM/PB-SA). Furthermore, the drug-likeness properties of the studied compounds were validated. Docking studies showed phytol possesses the highest binding affinity (-9.205 kcal/mol) while glycitein had -9.752 kcal/mol highest docking score. The MDS of the protein in complex with the best-docked compounds revealed phytol with the highest binding energy of -44.2625 kcal/mol, a low root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value of 1.54 Å and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) score of 1.78 Å. Analysis of the drug-likeness properties prediction and bioavailability of these compounds revealed their conformed activity to lipinski's rules with bioavailability scores of 0.55 F. The studied terpenes and flavonoids compounds effectively thwart SdiA protein, therefore regulate inter- or intra cellular communication and associated in virulence Enterobacteriaceae, serving as prospective antivirulence drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idowu Jesulayomi Adeosun
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Itumeleng Baloyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Aimen K Aljoundi
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Elliasu Y Salifu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Sekelwa Cosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ndlovu M, Serem JC, Selepe MA, Opoku AR, Bester MJ, Apostolides Z, Mosa RA. Triterpenoids from Protorhus longifolia Exhibit Hypocholesterolemic Potential via Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Stimulation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake in HepG2 Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30906-30916. [PMID: 37663489 PMCID: PMC10468762 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of hypercholesterolemia-related diseases even in the presence of the currently available cholesterol-lowering drugs indicates a need to discover new therapeutic drugs. This study aimed to investigate the hypocholesterolemic potential of two triterpenoids isolated from Protorhus longifolia stem bark. In silico techniques and in vitro enzyme assays were used to evaluate the potential inhibition of cholesterol esterase and HMG-CoA reductase by the triterpenoids (ARM-2 and RA-5). The toxicity, modulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and associated gene expression were determined in HepG2 hepatocytes. In silico molecular docking revealed that ARM-2 compared with RA-5 has a relatively stronger binding affinity for both enzymes. Both triterpenoids further demonstrated promising in silico drug-likeness properties and favorable ADMET profiles characterized by high intestinal absorption and lack of CYP450 enzyme inhibition. The compounds further showed, to varying degrees of efficacy, inhibition of cholesterol micellization as well as both cholesterol esterase and HMG-CoA reductase activities with IC50 values ranging from 16.4 to 41.1 μM. Moreover, enhanced hepatic cellular LDL uptake and the associated upregulation of the LDL-R and SREBP-2 gene expression were observed in the triterpenoid-treated HepG2 cells. It is evident that the triterpenoids, especially ARM-2, possess hypocholesterolemic properties, and these molecules can serve as leads or structural templates for the development of new hypocholesterolemic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musawenkosi Ndlovu
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - June C. Serem
- Department
of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Mamoalosi A. Selepe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Andrew R. Opoku
- Department
of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University
of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Megan J. Bester
- Department
of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Zeno Apostolides
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Rebamang A. Mosa
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tok F, Kaya M, Karaca H, Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu B. Synthesis of some novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Tok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hülya Karaca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma R, Kumar K, Tanvi K. Dealkenylation of neoandrographolide, a phytochemical from Andrographis paniculata stimulates FXR (Farnesoid X Receptor) and enhances gallstone dissolution. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3339-3348. [PMID: 35253613 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2048078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
FXR (Farnesoid X Receptor) is one of the nuclear receptors expressed in the liver performing a significant role in the maintenance of bile acid concentration. An imbalance of cholesterol and bile acid ratio due to any undefined reason could cause gallstone formation. Hence, this paper aims to screen phytochemicals that could maintain a requisite balance of cholesterol and bile acid by targeting FXR and thereby contributing to the dissolution of gallstone. Nineteen phytochemicals were selected and queried for Pa and Pi in the way2drug online server for hepatoprotective property, cholesterol synthesis and absorption inhibition property, and β-glucuronidase inhibiting activity. Cianidanol, neoandrographolide, cynarine, saponins, and tanins with satisfying stated properties were docked with the screened FXR (PDB ID- 1OSH) using HADDOCK server, followed by pharmacokinetics study utilizing SwissADME tool. Neoandrographolide fits best among the other selected literature-based phytochemicals with minor violation of 'Brenk's rule'. The violation was corrected with the removal of an alkene group in the provided ChemDraw space of SwissADME. This Dealkenylated compound was further docked with FXR. The promising response under the static condition of the Dealkenylated compound was analyzed for molecular dynamic simulation at physiological conditions for 100 ns. Dealkenylated Neoandrographolide (DN) exhibited hepatoprotective, cholesterol synthesis and absorption inhibition property, and β-glucuronidase inhibition activity with a superior binding score of -42.6+/-1.5 with FXR. The interaction of the FXR receptor and the DN showed exceptional stability at physiological conditions during MD simulation and fit for the ADME properties, therefore it could be a potent candidate to dissolve gallstones.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Kumari Tanvi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tok F, Baltaş N, Tatar G, Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu B. Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies of new pyrazoline derivatives bearing benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one moiety as potential urease inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100826. [PMID: 35018718 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Novel pyrazoline derivatives containing benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one moiety were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory properties against to urease, a clinically important metabolic enzyme. In vitro enzyme inhibition studies revealed that all pyrazolines (7.21-87.77 µM) were more potent than the standard inhibitor acetohydroxamic acid (251.74 µM) against the urease enzyme. Most notably, compound 2m , which is more active than the other compounds in in vitro and molecular docking studies, showed a significant inhibition potential and efficient IC 50 values (7.21±0.09 µM) and in silico inhibition constant (0.11 µM). Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis suggests that the binding stability of urease enzyme and compound 2m were stably maintained during the 100 ns simulation time. Compound 2m also exhibited good physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters. The overall results of urease inhibition have indicated that these pyrazoline derivative compounds can be further optimized and developed for the discovery of novel urease inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Tok
- Marmara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,, 34854 4/A, Istanbul, TURKEY
| | - Nimet Baltaş
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Arts and Sciences: Recep Tayyip Erdogan Universitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakultesi, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Rize, TURKEY
| | - Gizem Tatar
- Karadeniz Technical University: Karadeniz Teknik Universitesi, Bioistatistics and Medical Informatics, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, TURKEY
| | - Bedia Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu
- Marmara University: Marmara Universitesi, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,, Türkiye, 34854 4/A, Istanbul, TURKEY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rampadarath A, Balogun FO, Pillay C, Sabiu S. Identification of Flavonoid C-Glycosides as Promising Antidiabetics Targeting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:6233217. [PMID: 35782627 PMCID: PMC9249544 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6233217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway, has gained attention as a validated druggable target in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The lack of clinically approved PTP1B inhibitors has continued to prompt research in plant-derived therapeutics possibly due to their relatively lesser toxicity profiles. Flavonoid C-glycosides are one of the plant-derived metabolites gaining increased relevance as antidiabetic agents, but their possible mechanism of action remains largely unknown. This study investigates the antidiabetic potential of flavonoid C-glycosides against PTP1B in silico and in vitro. Of the seven flavonoid C-glycosides docked against the enzyme, three compounds (apigenin, vitexin, and orientin) had the best affinity for the enzyme with a binding score of -7.3 kcal/mol each, relative to -7.4 kcal/mol for the reference standard, ursolic acid. A further probe (in terms of stability, flexibility, and compactness) of the complexes over a molecular dynamics time study of 100 ns for the three compounds suggested orientin as the most outstanding inhibitor of PTP1B owing to its overall -34.47 kcal/mol binding energy score compared to ursolic acid (-19.24 kcal/mol). This observation was in accordance with the in vitro evaluation result, where orientin had a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.18 mg/ml relative to 0.13 mg/ml for the reference standard. The kinetics of inhibition of PTP1B by orientin was mixed-type with V max and K m values of 0.004 μM/s and 0.515 μM. Put together, the results suggest orientin as a potential PTP1B inhibitor and could therefore be further explored in the management T2DM as a promising therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athika Rampadarath
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Fatai Oladunni Balogun
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Charlene Pillay
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|