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Chi M, Yuan B, Xie Z, Hong J. The Innovative Biomaterials and Technologies for Developing Corneal Endothelium Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: A Review and Prospect. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1284. [PMID: 38002407 PMCID: PMC10669703 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the only treatment for corneal endothelial blindness. However, there is an urgent need to find substitutes for corneal endothelium grafts due to the global shortage of donor corneas. An emerging research field focuses on the construction of scaffold-based corneal endothelium tissue engineering (CETE). Long-term success in CETE transplantation may be achieved by selecting the appropriate biomaterials as scaffolds of corneal endothelial cells and adding bioactive materials to promote cell activity. This article reviews the research progress of CETE biomaterials in the past 20 years, describes the key characteristics required for corneal endothelial scaffolds, and summarizes the types of materials that have been reported. Based on these, we list feasible improvement strategies for biomaterials innovation. In addition, we describe the improved techniques for the scaffolds' surface topography and drug delivery system. Some promising technologies for constructing CETE are proposed. However, some questions have not been answered yet, and clinical trials and industrialization should be carried out with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (M.C.); (B.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bowei Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (M.C.); (B.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zijun Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (M.C.); (B.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (M.C.); (B.Y.); (Z.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
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2
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Jain P, Rimal R, Möller M, Singh S. Topographical influence of electrospun basement membrane mimics on formation of cellular monolayer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8382. [PMID: 37225757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional unit of many organs like lung, kidney, intestine, and eye have their endothelial and epithelial monolayers physically separated by a specialized extracellular matrix called the basement membrane. The intricate and complex topography of this matrix influences cell function, behavior and overall homeostasis. In vitro barrier function replication of such organs requires mimicking of these native features on an artificial scaffold system. Apart from chemical and mechanical features, the choice of nano-scale topography of the artificial scaffold is integral, however its influence on monolayer barrier formation is unclear. Though studies have reported improved single cell adhesion and proliferation in presence of pores or pitted topology, corresponding influence on confluent monolayer formation is not well reported. In this work, basement membrane mimic with secondary topographical cues is developed and its influence on single cells and their monolayers is investigated. We show that single cells cultured on fibers with secondary cues form stronger focal adhesions and undergo increased proliferation. Counterintuitively, absence of secondary cues promoted stronger cell-cell interaction in endothelial monolayers and promoted formation of integral tight barriers in alveolar epithelial monolayers. Overall, this work highlights the importance of choice of scaffold topology to develop basement barrier function in in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Jain
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rahul Rimal
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lakalayeh GA, Rahvar M, Nazeri N, Ghanbari H. Evaluation of drug-eluting nanoparticle coating on magnesium alloy for development of next generation bioabsorbable cardiovascular stents. Med Eng Phys 2022; 108:103878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Delaey J, De Vos L, Koppen C, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S, Van den Bogerd B. Tissue engineered scaffolds for corneal endothelial regeneration: a material's perspective. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2440-2461. [PMID: 35343525 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the treatment of corneal diseases caused by damage to the corneal endothelium requires a donor cornea. Because of their limited availability (1 donor cornea for 70 patients in need), researchers are investigating alternative approaches that are independent of donor tissue. One of them includes the development of a tissue engineered scaffold onto which corneal endothelial cells are seeded. In order to function as a suitable substrate, some of its essential properties including thickness, permeability, transparency and mechanical strength should meet certain demands. Additionally, the membrane should be biocompatible and allow the formation of a functional endothelium on the surface. Many materials have already been investigated in this regard including natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers. In the current review, we present an overview of their characteristics and provide a critical view on the methods exploited for material characterization. Next, also the suitability of scaffolds to serve their purpose is discussed along with an overview of natural tissues (e.g. amniotic membrane and lens capsule) previously investigated for this application. Eventually, we propose a consistent approach to be exploited ideally for membrane characterization in future research. This will allow a scientifically sound comparison of materials and membranes investigated by different research groups, hence benefitting research towards the creation of a suitable/optimal tissue engineered endothelial graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Delaey
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lobke De Vos
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carina Koppen
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Van den Bogerd
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Carthew J, Taylor JBJ, Garcia-Cruz MR, Kiaie N, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ, Frith JE. The Bumpy Road to Stem Cell Therapies: Rational Design of Surface Topographies to Dictate Stem Cell Mechanotransduction and Fate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23066-23101. [PMID: 35192344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to a variety of physical cues from their surrounding microenvironment, and these are interpreted through mechanotransductive processes to inform their behavior. These mechanisms have particular relevance to stem cells, where control of stem cell proliferation, potency, and differentiation is key to their successful application in regenerative medicine. It is increasingly recognized that surface micro- and nanotopographies influence stem cell behavior and may represent a powerful tool with which to direct the morphology and fate of stem cells. Current progress toward this goal has been driven by combined advances in fabrication technologies and cell biology. Here, the capacity to generate precisely defined micro- and nanoscale topographies has facilitated the studies that provide knowledge of the mechanotransducive processes that govern the cellular response as well as knowledge of the specific features that can drive cells toward a defined differentiation outcome. However, the path forward is not fully defined, and the "bumpy road" that lays ahead must be crossed before the full potential of these approaches can be fully exploited. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities in applying micro- and nanotopographies to dictate stem cell fate for regenerative medicine. Here, key techniques used to produce topographic features are reviewed, such as photolithography, block copolymer lithography, electron beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, soft lithography, scanning probe lithography, colloidal lithography, electrospinning, and surface roughening, alongside their advantages and disadvantages. The biological impacts of surface topographies are then discussed, including the current understanding of the mechanotransductive mechanisms by which these cues are interpreted by the cells, as well as the specific effects of surface topographies on cell differentiation and fate. Finally, considerations in translating these technologies and their future prospects are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Carthew
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jason B J Taylor
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Maria R Garcia-Cruz
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Smeringaiova I, Paaske Utheim T, Jirsova K. Ex vivo expansion and characterization of human corneal endothelium for transplantation: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:554. [PMID: 34717745 PMCID: PMC8556978 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal endothelium plays a key role in maintaining corneal transparency. Its dysfunction is currently treated with penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty. Advanced cell therapy methods seek to address the persistent global deficiency of donor corneas by enabling the renewal of the endothelial monolayer with tissue-engineered grafts. This review provides an overview of recently published literature on the preparation of endothelial grafts for transplantation derived from cadaveric corneas that have developed over the last decade (2010–2021). Factors such as the most suitable donor parameters, culture substrates and media, endothelial graft storage conditions, and transplantation methods are discussed. Despite efforts to utilize alternative cellular sources, such as induced pluripotent cells, cadaveric corneas appear to be the best source of cells for graft preparation to date. However, native endothelial cells have a limited natural proliferative capacity, and they often undergo rapid phenotype changes in ex vivo culture. This is the main reason why no culture protocol for a clinical-grade endothelial graft prepared from cadaveric corneas has been standardized so far. Currently, the most established ex vivo culture protocol involves the peel-and-digest method of cell isolation and cell culture by the dual media method, including the repeated alternation of high and low mitogenic conditions. Culture media are enriched by additional substances, such as signaling pathway (Rho-associated protein kinase, TGF-β, etc.) inhibitors, to stimulate proliferation and inhibit unwanted morphological changes, particularly the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. To date, this promising approach has led to the development of endothelial grafts for the first in-human clinical trial in Japan. In addition to the lack of a standard culture protocol, endothelial-specific markers are still missing to confirm the endothelial phenotype in a graft ready for clinical use. Because the corneal endothelium appears to comprise phenotypically heterogeneous populations of cells, the genomic and proteomic expression of recently proposed endothelial-specific markers, such as Cadherin-2, CD166, or SLC4A11, must be confirmed by additional studies. The preparation of endothelial grafts is still challenging today, but advances in tissue engineering and surgery over the past decade hold promise for the successful treatment of endothelial dysfunctions in more patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Smeringaiova
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katerina Jirsova
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Hidalgo-Alvarez V, Dhowre HS, Kingston OA, Sheridan CM, Levis HJ. Biofabrication of Artificial Stem Cell Niches in the Anterior Ocular Segment. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:135. [PMID: 34677208 PMCID: PMC8533470 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior segment of the eye is a complex set of structures that collectively act to maintain the integrity of the globe and direct light towards the posteriorly located retina. The eye is exposed to numerous physical and environmental insults such as infection, UV radiation, physical or chemical injuries. Loss of transparency to the cornea or lens (cataract) and dysfunctional regulation of intra ocular pressure (glaucoma) are leading causes of worldwide blindness. Whilst traditional therapeutic approaches can improve vision, their effect often fails to control the multiple pathological events that lead to long-term vision loss. Regenerative medicine approaches in the eye have already had success with ocular stem cell therapy and ex vivo production of cornea and conjunctival tissue for transplant recovering patients' vision. However, advancements are required to increase the efficacy of these as well as develop other ocular cell therapies. One of the most important challenges that determines the success of regenerative approaches is the preservation of the stem cell properties during expansion culture in vitro. To achieve this, the environment must provide the physical, chemical and biological factors that ensure the maintenance of their undifferentiated state, as well as their proliferative capacity. This is likely to be accomplished by replicating the natural stem cell niche in vitro. Due to the complex nature of the cell microenvironment, the creation of such artificial niches requires the use of bioengineering techniques which can replicate the physico-chemical properties and the dynamic cell-extracellular matrix interactions that maintain the stem cell phenotype. This review discusses the progress made in the replication of stem cell niches from the anterior ocular segment by using bioengineering approaches and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hidalgo-Alvarez
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Hala S. Dhowre
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (H.S.D.); (O.A.K.)
| | - Olivia A. Kingston
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (H.S.D.); (O.A.K.)
| | - Carl M. Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (H.S.D.); (O.A.K.)
| | - Hannah J. Levis
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (H.S.D.); (O.A.K.)
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