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Ganem Z, Ferrante M, Lubin Y, Armiach Steinpress I, Gish M, Sharon R, Harari AR, Keasar T, Gavish-Regev E. Effects of Natural Habitat and Season on Cursorial Spider Assemblages in Mediterranean Vineyards. INSECTS 2023; 14:782. [PMID: 37887794 PMCID: PMC10607350 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural habitats adjacent to vineyards are presumed to have a positive effect on the diversity of natural enemies within the vineyards. However, these habitats differ in vegetation structure and seasonal phenology and in turn could affect the species composition of natural enemies. Here, we compared the species richness and diversity and the composition of spider assemblages in several locations within three commercial vineyards and the nearby natural habitats in a Mediterranean landscape in northern Israel. We sampled spiders by means of pitfall traps in early and in late summer. Both the time in the season and the habitat (natural versus vineyard) affected spider species richness and diversity. More species were found in early summer (47) than in late summer (33), and more occurred in the natural habitat (34 species) than in the vineyards (27-31 species). Fifteen species were found exclusively in the natural habitat, and only 11 species were shared by the vineyards and natural habitat, four of which were the most abundant and geographically widely distributed species in the samples. In late summer, spider diversity in the natural habitat was higher than within the vineyards: the spider assemblages in the vineyards became dominated by a few species late in the crop season, while those of the natural habitat remained stable. Overall, the natural habitat differed in assemblage composition from all within-vineyard locations, while the three locations within the vineyard did not differ significantly in assemblage composition. Season (early vs. late summer), however, significantly affected the spider assemblage composition. This study documents the large diversity of spiders in a local Mediterranean vineyard agroecosystem. Over 60% of the known spider families in the region occurred in our samples, highlighting the importance of this agroecosystem for spider diversity and the potential for conservation biocontrol, where natural habitats may be a source of natural enemies for nearby vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeana Ganem
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | - Marco Ferrante
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, 9700-042 Azores, Portugal
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Yael Lubin
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Igor Armiach Steinpress
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Moshe Gish
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | - Rakefet Sharon
- Northern R&D, MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center and Tel-Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona 1220800, Israel
| | - Ally R Harari
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 7505101, Israel
| | - Tamar Keasar
- Department of Biology and the Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon 3600600, Israel
| | - Efrat Gavish-Regev
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Carlos C, Gonçalves F, Villemant C, Paredes D, Salvação J, Torres L. Parasitoids of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Douro Demarcated Region vineyards and the prospects for enhancing conservation biological control. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:697-706. [PMID: 35514146 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The more restrictive regulations of pesticides in Europe have led to an increase in conservation biological control (CBC) research. However, little attention has been paid to the main determinants of Lobesia botrana parasitism. The Douro Demarcated Region landscape offers scope for the use of CBC. The study was conducted between 2002 and 2015 aiming at: (i) identifying parasitoids associated with L. botrana and evaluating their impact as biological control agents in each generation of the pest, and (ii) evaluating the effect of both the proportion of ecological infrastructures (EI) near the vineyards, and the impact of management practices (chemical treatments and ground cover) on the parasitism of L. botrana. A total of 3226 larvae/pupae of L. botrana were collected (15% were parasitized and 485 parasitoids emerged). A complex of 16 taxa of parasitoids was identified, the majority belonging to Hymenoptera. The most abundant were Elachertus sp. (Eulophidae), Campoplex capitator Aubert (Ichneumonidae), and Brachymeria tibialis (Walker) (Chalcididae), which represented 62.5, 12.6, and 12.0% of the total assemblage of parasitoids which emerged, respectively. The percentage of parasitism ranged from 0.0 to 61.5% (first generation), from 0.0 to 36.8% (second generation), and from 0.0 to 12.1% (third generation). Importantly, it was found that the parasitism rate was higher in vineyards with ground cover. In addition, EI in the area surrounding the vineyards produced a significant increase in parasitism. These results suggest potential for CBC of L. botrana if EI around vineyards, and ground cover with native perennial plants within vineyards, are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carlos
- Association for the Development of Viticulture in the Douro Region, ADVID, Centro de Excelência da Vinha e do Vinho Bldg., Science and Technology Park of Vila Real, Régia Douro Park, 5000-033 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gonçalves
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Claire Villemant
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, entomologie, 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Paredes
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Salvação
- UTAD/ECAV - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Laura Torres
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Enhancement of the Diversity of Pollinators and Beneficial Insects in Intensively Managed Vineyards. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080740. [PMID: 34442306 PMCID: PMC8397089 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The continuous intensification of agricultural production has resulted in higher yields and more yield security. However, these achievements went along with the substitution of heterogeneous agricultural landscapes by homogeneous ones with poor crop diversity, short crop rotations, and thanks to the high efficacy of modern herbicides and also to minimum in-crop diversity. A severe increase in plot size led to the elimination of ecologically valuable structural elements that had provided floral resources and nesting sites. Over the few last decades, several studies have been conducted to try to find solutions against insect decline and to preserve biodiversity. In the present study, the integration of cover plants between the lines of the vineyards to enhance biodiversity is shown. The benefits of the cover plants use are presented based on the results achieved on five intensive wine farms in Spain. Our findings suggest that the use of cover plants provide a wide range of enhancements in the insect community with a significant increase both in the number of species and the number of individuals showing an important influence over time, which would tend to have a significant conservation impact thanks to its effect as a reservoir of species. Abstract (1) Modern, intensive agricultural practices have been attributed to the loss of insect biodiversity and abundance in agroecosystems for the last 80 years. The aim of this work is to test whether there are statistically significant differences in insect abundance between different zones and over time on the vineyard field. (2) The study was carried out in five intensive wine farms in Spain over a three-year period (2013–2015). Each field was divided into two zones, one where cover plants were planted, and another remained unchanged (without cover). (3) A clear trend to increase the average number of insect species and individuals throughout the years in all farms was observed. Moreover, the zones with cover plants showed a significant difference with respect to the zones without. (4) The use of permanent cover plants allows creating areas of refuge for the insects favouring their conservation and reducing the agriculture impact in the insect decline.
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