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Guo J, Niu Z, Lv R, Yuan J, Zhang Z, Guan X, Li D, Zhang H, Zhao A, Feng J, Liu D, Zhou X, Gong J. A novel GARP humanized mouse model for efficacy assessment of GARP-targeting therapies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111782. [PMID: 38442579 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Although breakthroughs have been achieved with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy, some tumors do not respond to those therapies due to primary or acquired resistance. GARP, a type I transmembrane cell surface docking receptor mediating latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and abundantly expressed on regulatory T lymphocytes and platelets, is a potential target to render these tumors responsive to ICI therapy, and enhancing anti-tumor response especially combined with ICI. To facilitate these research efforts, we developed humanized mouse models expressing humanized GARP (hGARP) instead of their mouse counterparts, enabling in vivo assessment of GARP-targeting agents. We created GARP-humanized mice by replacing the mouse Garp gene with its human homolog. Then, comprehensive experiments, including expression analysis, immunophenotyping, functional assessments, and pharmacologic assays, were performed to characterize the mouse model accurately. The Tregs and platelets in the B-hGARP mice (The letter B is the first letter of the company's English name, Biocytogen.) expressed human GARP, without expression of mouse GARP. Similar T, B, NK, DCs, monocytes and macrophages frequencies were identified in the spleen and blood of B-hGARP and WT mice, indicating that the humanization of GARP did not change the distribution of immune cell in these compartments. When combined with anti-PD-1, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against GARP/TGF-β1 complexes demonstrated enhanced in vivo anti-tumor activity compared to monotherapy with either agent. The novel hGARP model serves as a valuable tool for evaluating human GARP-targeting antibodies in immuno-oncology, which may enable preclinical studies to assess and validate new therapeutics targeting GARP. Furthermore, intercrosses of this model with ICI humanized models could facilitate the evaluation of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zhenlan Niu
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China
| | - Ruili Lv
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jiangfeng Yuan
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China
| | - Xuewa Guan
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China
| | - Dirui Li
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China
| | - Haichao Zhang
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China
| | - Ang Zhao
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing), Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Jie Gong
- School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Turi M, Anilkumar Sithara A, Hofmanová L, Žihala D, Radhakrishnan D, Vdovin A, Knápková S, Ševčíková T, Chyra Z, Jelínek T, Šimíček M, Gullà A, Anderson KC, Hájek R, Hrdinka M. Transcriptome Analysis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells Inducibly Expressing MyD88 L265P Mutation Identifies Upregulated CD44, LGALS3, NFKBIZ, and BATF as Downstream Targets of Oncogenic NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065623. [PMID: 36982699 PMCID: PMC10057398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During innate immune responses, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) functions as a critical signaling adaptor protein integrating stimuli from toll-like receptors (TLR) and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family and translates them into specific cellular outcomes. In B cells, somatic mutations in MyD88 trigger oncogenic NF-κB signaling independent of receptor stimulation, which leads to the development of B-cell malignancies. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and downstream signaling targets remain unresolved. We established an inducible system to introduce MyD88 to lymphoma cell lines and performed transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) to identify genes differentially expressed by MyD88 bearing the L265P oncogenic mutation. We show that MyD88L265P activates NF-κB signaling and upregulates genes that might contribute to lymphomagenesis, including CD44, LGALS3 (coding Galectin-3), NFKBIZ (coding IkBƺ), and BATF. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD44 can serve as a marker of the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and that CD44 expression is correlated with overall survival in DLBCL patients. Our results shed new light on the downstream outcomes of MyD88L265P oncogenic signaling that might be involved in cellular transformation and provide novel therapeutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Turi
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Anjana Anilkumar Sithara
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hofmanová
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Žihala
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dhwani Radhakrishnan
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Vdovin
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sofija Knápková
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chyra
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Jelínek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šimíček
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Annamaria Gullà
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenneth Carl Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Roman Hájek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matouš Hrdinka
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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McRitchie BR, Akkaya B. Exhaust the exhausters: Targeting regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940052. [PMID: 36248808 PMCID: PMC9562032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of cancer immunotherapy has gained immense momentum over the recent years. The advancements in checkpoint blockade have led to a notable progress in treating a plethora of cancer types. However, these approaches also appear to have stalled due to factors such as individuals' genetic make-up, resistant tumor sub-types and immune related adverse events (irAE). While the major focus of immunotherapies has largely been alleviating the cell-intrinsic defects of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), amending the relationship between tumor specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells has started driving attention as well. A major roadblock to improve the cross-talk between CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells is the immune suppressive action of tumor infiltrating T regulatory (Treg) cells. Despite their indispensable in protecting tissues against autoimmune threats, Tregs have also been under scrutiny for helping tumors thrive. This review addresses how Tregs establish themselves at the TME and suppress anti-tumor immunity. Particularly, we delve into factors that promote Treg migration into tumor tissue and discuss the unique cellular and humoral composition of TME that aids survival, differentiation and function of intratumoral Tregs. Furthermore, we summarize the potential suppression mechanisms used by intratumoral Tregs and discuss ways to target those to ultimately guide new immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayley R. McRitchie
- Department of Neurology, The College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Billur Akkaya
- Department of Neurology, The College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Billur Akkaya,
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. Dysregulated metabolism: A friend-to-foe skewer of macrophages. Int Rev Immunol 2022:1-17. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2095374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Yang C, Mai Z, Liu C, Yin S, Cai Y, Xia C. Natural Products in Preventing Tumor Drug Resistance and Related Signaling Pathways. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113513. [PMID: 35684449 PMCID: PMC9181879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is still an obstacle in cancer therapy, leading to the failure of tumor treatment. The emergence of tumor drug resistance has always been a main concern of oncologists. Therefore, overcoming tumor drug resistance and looking for new strategies for tumor treatment is a major focus in the field of tumor research. Natural products serve as effective substances against drug resistance because of their diverse chemical structures and pharmacological effects. We reviewed the signaling pathways involved in the development of tumor drug resistance, including Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Renin-angiotensin system (Ras), Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Wnt, Notch, Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and their specific signaling pathway inhibitors derived from natural products. This can provide new ideas for the prevention of drug resistance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Yang
- Department of Head-Neck and Breast Surgery, Yuebei People’s Hospital of Shantou University, Shaoguan 512027, China;
| | - Zhikai Mai
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; (Z.M.); (C.L.); (S.Y.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Can Liu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; (Z.M.); (C.L.); (S.Y.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuanghong Yin
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; (Z.M.); (C.L.); (S.Y.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yantao Cai
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; (Z.M.); (C.L.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Chlid Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; (Z.M.); (C.L.); (S.Y.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (C.X.)
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Zhang M, Zhang YY, Chen Y, Wang J, Wang Q, Lu H. TGF-β Signaling and Resistance to Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:786728. [PMID: 34917620 PMCID: PMC8669610 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, which is well studied for its ability to inhibit cell proliferation in early stages of tumorigenesis while promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in advanced cancer, is considered to act as a double-edged sword in cancer. Multiple inhibitors have been developed to target TGF-β signaling, but results from clinical trials were inconsistent, suggesting that the functions of TGF-β in human cancers are not yet fully explored. Multiple drug resistance is a major challenge in cancer therapy; emerging evidence indicates that TGF-β signaling may be a key factor in cancer resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Finally, combining anti-TGF-β therapy with other cancer therapy is an attractive venue to be explored for the treatment of therapy-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yi Zhang
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yongze Chen
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hezhe Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Bouchard A, Sikner H, Baverel V, Garnier AR, Monterrat M, Moreau M, Limagne E, Garrido C, Kohli E, Collin B, Bellaye PS. The GRP94 Inhibitor PU-WS13 Decreases M2-like Macrophages in Murine TNBC Tumors: A Pharmaco-Imaging Study with 99mTc-Tilmanocept SPECT. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123393. [PMID: 34943901 PMCID: PMC8699502 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancers and is not eligible for hormone and anti-HER2 therapies. Identifying therapeutic targets and associated biomarkers in TNBC is a clinical challenge to improve patients' outcome and management. High infiltration of CD206+ M2-like macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) indicates poor prognosis and survival in TNBC patients. As we previously showed that membrane expression of GRP94, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, was associated with the anti-inflammatory profile of human PBMC-derived M2 macrophages, we hypothesized that intra-tumoral CD206+ M2 macrophages expressing GRP94 may represent innovative targets in TNBC for theranostic purposes. We demonstrate in a preclinical model of 4T1 breast tumor-bearing BALB/c mice that (i) CD206-expressing M2-like macrophages in the TME of TNBC can be specifically detected and quantified using in vivo SPECT imaging with 99mTc-Tilmanocept, and (ii) the inhibition of GRP94 with the chemical inhibitor PU-WS13 induces a decrease in CD206-expressing M2-like macrophages in TME. This result correlated with reduced tumor growth and collagen content, as well as an increase in CD8+ cells in the TME. 99mTc-Tilmanocept SPECT imaging might represent an innovative non-invasive strategy to quantify CD206+ tumor-associated macrophages as a biomarker of anti-GRP94 therapy efficacy and TNBC tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexanne Bouchard
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (H.S.); (A.-R.G.); (M.M.); (B.C.)
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, Labellisée Ligue National Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d’Excellence LipSTIC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Hugo Sikner
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (H.S.); (A.-R.G.); (M.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Valentin Baverel
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, Labellisée Ligue National Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d’Excellence LipSTIC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Anaïs-Rachel Garnier
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (H.S.); (A.-R.G.); (M.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Marie Monterrat
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (H.S.); (A.-R.G.); (M.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Mathieu Moreau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS/uB 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Emeric Limagne
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Plateforme de Transfert en Biologie Cancérologique, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Carmen Garrido
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, Labellisée Ligue National Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d’Excellence LipSTIC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.B.); (C.G.)
- Centre George-François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Evelyne Kohli
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, Labellisée Ligue National Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d’Excellence LipSTIC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.B.); (C.G.)
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- University Hospital (CHU), 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (P.-S.B.); Tel.: +33-345-348-119 (P.-S.B.)
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (H.S.); (A.-R.G.); (M.M.); (B.C.)
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS/uB 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Centre George-François Leclerc, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Plateforme d’imagerie et de Radiothérapie Précliniques, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (H.S.); (A.-R.G.); (M.M.); (B.C.)
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, Labellisée Ligue National Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d’Excellence LipSTIC, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (V.B.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (P.-S.B.); Tel.: +33-345-348-119 (P.-S.B.)
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