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Butta N, van der Wal DE. Desialylation by neuraminidases in platelets, kiss of death or bittersweet? Curr Opin Hematol 2024:00062752-990000000-00068. [PMID: 38529832 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Loss of surface sialic acid by neuraminidases is known as 'desialylation'. Platelets are desialylated in bacterial or viral infections, during storage, senescence, various mutations, platelet auto antibodies, hemostasis and shear stress. In this review the recent literature on the different sialic acid capped glycan structures will be covered as well as platelet desialylation in inherited glycan disorders and induced by external neuraminidases. RECENT FINDINGS Neuraminidases are released from platelet intracellular stores and translocated to the platelet surface. Apart from clearance, loss of surface sialic acid by neuraminidases ('desialylation') affects platelet signaling including ligand binding and their procoagulant function. Platelets are also desialylated in infections, various mutations, presence of platelet auto antibodies. SUMMARY Since platelet desialylation occurs in various healthy and pathological conditions, measuring desialylation might be a new diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Butta
- Group of Coagulopathies and Haemostasis Disorders, La Paz University Hospital Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dianne E van der Wal
- Platelets and Thrombosis Research Laboratory, Anzac Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
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Guerrero-Flores GN, Pacheco FJ, Boskovic DS, Pacheco SOS, Zhang G, Fraser GE, Miles FL. Sialic acids Neu5Ac and KDN in adipose tissue samples from individuals following habitual vegetarian or non-vegetarian dietary patterns. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12593. [PMID: 37537165 PMCID: PMC10400564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are a class of sugar molecules with a parent nine-carbon neuraminic acid, generally present at the ends of carbohydrate chains, either attached to cellular surfaces or as secreted glycoconjugates. Given their position and structural diversity, Sias modulate a wide variety of biological processes. However, little is known about the role of Sias in human adipose tissue, or their implications for health and disease, particularly among individuals following different dietary patterns. The goal of this study was to measure N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN) concentrations in adipose tissue samples from participants in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) and to compare the abundance of these Sias in individuals following habitual, long-term vegetarian or non-vegetarian dietary patterns. A method was successfully developed for the extraction and detection of Sias in adipose tissue. Sias levels were quantified in 52 vegans, 56 lacto-vegetarians, and 48 non-vegetarians using LC-MS/MS with Neu5Ac-D-1,2,3-13C3 as an internal standard. Dietary groups were compared using linear regression. Vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians had significantly higher concentrations of Neu5Ac relative to non-vegetarians. While KDN levels tended to be higher in vegans and lacto-ovo-vegetarians, these differences were not statistically significant. However, KDN levels were significantly inversely associated with body mass index. In contrast, Neu5Gc was not detected in human adipose samples. It is plausible that different Neu5Ac concentrations in adipose tissues of vegetarians, compared to those of non-vegetarians, reflect a difference in the baseline inflammatory status between the two groups. Epidemiologic studies examining levels of Sias in human adipose tissue and other biospecimens will help to further explore their roles in development and progression of inflammatory conditions and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo N Guerrero-Flores
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fabio J Pacheco
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Danilo S Boskovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Sandaly O S Pacheco
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, 3103, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Gary E Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Fayth L Miles
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Impact of N-Linked Glycosylation on Therapeutic Proteins. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248859. [PMID: 36557993 PMCID: PMC9781892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins have unique advantages over small-molecule drugs in the treatment of various diseases, such as higher target specificity, stronger pharmacological efficacy and relatively low side effects. These advantages make them increasingly valued in drug development and clinical practice. However, although highly valued, the intrinsic limitations in their physical, chemical and pharmacological properties often restrict their wider applications. As one of the most important post-translational modifications, glycosylation has been shown to exert positive effects on many properties of proteins, including molecular stability, and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Glycoengineering, which involves changing the glycosylation patterns of proteins, is therefore expected to be an effective means of overcoming the problems of therapeutic proteins. In this review, we summarize recent efforts and advances in the glycoengineering of erythropoietin and IgG monoclonal antibodies, with the goals of illustrating the importance of this strategy in improving the performance of therapeutic proteins and providing a brief overview of how glycoengineering is applied to protein-based drugs.
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