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Zhang G, Lv S, Zhong X, Li X, Yi Y, Lu Y, Yan W, Li J, Teng J. Ferroptosis: a new antidepressant pharmacological mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1339057. [PMID: 38259274 PMCID: PMC10800430 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1339057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of depression, a mental disorder, is steadily increasing and has the potential to become a major global disability factor. Given the complex pathological mechanisms involved in depression, the use of conventional antidepressants may lead to severe complications due to their side effects. Hence, there is a critical need to explore the development of novel antidepressants. Ferroptosis, a newly recognized form of cell death, has been found to be closely linked to the onset of depression. Several studies have indicated that certain active ingredients can ameliorate depression by modulating the ferroptosis signaling pathway. Notably, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) active ingredients and TCM prescriptions have demonstrated promising antidepressant effects in previous investigations owing to their unique advantages in antidepressant therapy. Building upon these findings, our objective was to review recent relevant research and provide new insights and directions for the development and application of innovative antidepressant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangheng Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shimeng Lv
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhao Yi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yitong Lu
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Teng
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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2
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Sciarretta F, Ceci V, Tiberi M, Zaccaria F, Li H, Zhou ZY, Sun Q, Konja D, Matteocci A, Bhusal A, Verri M, Fresegna D, Balletta S, Ninni A, Di Biagio C, Rosina M, Suk K, Centonze D, Wang Y, Chiurchiù V, Aquilano K, Lettieri-Barbato D. Lipocalin-2 promotes adipose-macrophage interactions to shape peripheral and central inflammatory responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101783. [PMID: 37517520 PMCID: PMC10448472 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) plays a major role in the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common immune-mediated and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the etiology and progression of MS is still obscure. This study aimed at deciphering the responses of AT in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the best characterized animal model of MS. RESULTS AND METHODS We observed a significant AT loss in EAE mice at the onset of disease, with a significant infiltration of M1-like macrophages and fibrosis in the AT, resembling a cachectic phenotype. Through an integrative and multilayered approach, we identified lipocalin2 (LCN2) as the key molecule released by dysfunctional adipocytes through redox-dependent mechanism. Adipose-derived LCN2 shapes the pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype, and the genetic deficiency of LCN2 specifically in AT reduced weight loss as well as inflammatory macrophage infiltration in spinal cord in EAE mice. Mature adipocytes downregulating LCN2 reduced lipolytic response to inflammatory stimuli (e.g. TNFα) through an ATGL-mediated mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Overall data highlighted a role LCN2 in exacerbating inflammatory phenotype in EAE model, suggesting a pathogenic role of dysfunctional AT in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica Ceci
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tiberi
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Haoyun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyang Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniels Konja
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alessandro Matteocci
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; PhD program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied biotechnologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Martina Verri
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Fresegna
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Balletta
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Andrea Ninni
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Biagio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rosina
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Diego Centonze
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Cengiz Winter N, Karakaya M, Mosen P, Brusius I, Anlar B, Haliloglu G, Winter D, Wirth B. Proteomic Investigation of Differential Interactomes of Glypican 1 and a Putative Disease-Modifying Variant of Ataxia. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3081-3095. [PMID: 37585105 PMCID: PMC10476613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In a currently 13-year-old girl of consanguineous Turkish parents, who developed unsteady gait and polyneuropathy at the ages of 3 and 6 years, respectively, we performed whole genome sequencing and identified a biallelic missense variant c.424C>T, p.R142W in glypican 1 (GPC1) as a putative disease-associated variant. Up to date, GPC1 has not been associated with a neuromuscular disorder, and we hypothesized that this variant, predicted as deleterious, may be causative for the disease. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we investigated the interactome of GPC1 WT and the missense variant. We identified 198 proteins interacting with GPC1, of which 16 were altered for the missense variant. This included CANX as well as vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) complex members, whose dysregulation could have a potential impact on disease severity in the patient. Importantly, these proteins are novel interaction partners of GPC1. At 10.5 years, the patient developed dilated cardiomyopathy and kyphoscoliosis, and Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) was suspected. Given the unusually severe phenotype in a patient with FRDA carrying only 104 biallelic GAA repeat expansions in FXN, we currently speculate that disturbed GPC1 function may have exacerbated the disease phenotype. LC-MS/MS data are accessible in the ProteomeXchange Consortium (PXD040023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Cengiz Winter
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Karakaya
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Mosen
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabell Brusius
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Banu Anlar
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Goknur Haliloglu
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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4
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Ferroptosis in Neurodegeneration? Neurology 2023; 101:312-319. [PMID: 37580137 PMCID: PMC10437014 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
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5
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Ast T, Wang H, Marutani E, Nagashima F, Malhotra R, Ichinose F, Mootha VK. Continuous, but not intermittent, regimens of hypoxia prevent and reverse ataxia in a murine model of Friedreich's ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2600-2610. [PMID: 37260376 PMCID: PMC10407700 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a devastating, multi-systemic neurodegenerative disease affecting thousands of people worldwide. We previously reported that oxygen is a key environmental variable that can modify FA pathogenesis. In particular, we showed that chronic, continuous normobaric hypoxia (11% FIO2) prevents ataxia and neurological disease in a murine model of FA, although it did not improve cardiovascular pathology or lifespan. Here, we report the pre-clinical evaluation of seven 'hypoxia-inspired' regimens in the shFxn mouse model of FA, with the long-term goal of designing a safe, practical and effective regimen for clinical translation. We report three chief results. First, a daily, intermittent hypoxia regimen (16 h 11% O2/8 h 21% O2) conferred no benefit and was in fact harmful, resulting in elevated cardiac stress and accelerated mortality. The detrimental effect of this regimen is likely owing to transient tissue hyperoxia that results when daily exposure to 21% O2 combines with chronic polycythemia, as we could blunt this toxicity by pharmacologically inhibiting polycythemia. Second, we report that more mild regimens of chronic hypoxia (17% O2) confer a modest benefit by delaying the onset of ataxia. Third, excitingly, we show that initiating chronic, continuous 11% O2 breathing once advanced neurological disease has already started can rapidly reverse ataxia. Our studies showcase both the promise and limitations of candidate hypoxia-inspired regimens for FA and underscore the need for additional pre-clinical optimization before future translation into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tslil Ast
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eizo Marutani
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fumiaki Nagashima
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Tiberi J, Segatto M, Fiorenza MT, La Rosa P. Apparent Opportunities and Hidden Pitfalls: The Conflicting Results of Restoring NRF2-Regulated Redox Metabolism in Friedreich's Ataxia Pre-Clinical Models and Clinical Trials. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051293. [PMID: 37238963 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal, recessive, inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of activity of the mitochondrial protein frataxin (FXN), which primarily affects dorsal root ganglia, cerebellum, and spinal cord neurons. The genetic defect consists of the trinucleotide GAA expansion in the first intron of FXN gene, which impedes its transcription. The resulting FXN deficiency perturbs iron homeostasis and metabolism, determining mitochondrial dysfunctions and leading to reduced ATP production, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and lipid peroxidation. These alterations are exacerbated by the defective functionality of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor acting as a key mediator of the cellular redox signalling and antioxidant response. Because oxidative stress represents a major pathophysiological contributor to FRDA onset and progression, a great effort has been dedicated to the attempt to restore the NRF2 signalling axis. Despite this, the beneficial effects of antioxidant therapies in clinical trials only partly reflect the promising results obtained in preclinical studies conducted in cell cultures and animal models. For these reasons, in this critical review, we overview the outcomes obtained with the administration of various antioxidant compounds and critically analyse the aspects that may have contributed to the conflicting results of preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tiberi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00179 Rome, Italy
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7
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Costa I, Barbosa DJ, Benfeito S, Silva V, Chavarria D, Borges F, Remião F, Silva R. Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and their involvement in brain diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108373. [PMID: 36894028 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death characterized by intracellular accumulation of iron and reactive oxygen species, inhibition of system Xc-, glutathione depletion, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidation and lipid peroxidation. Since its discovery and characterization in 2012, many efforts have been made to reveal the underlying mechanisms, modulating compounds, and its involvement in disease pathways. Ferroptosis inducers include erastin, sorafenib, sulfasalazine and glutamate, which, by inhibiting system Xc-, prevent the import of cysteine into the cells. RSL3, statins, Ml162 and Ml210 induce ferroptosis by inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which is responsible for preventing the formation of lipid peroxides, and FIN56 and withaferin trigger GPX4 degradation. On the other side, ferroptosis inhibitors include ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, α-tocopherol, zileuton, FSP1, CoQ10 and BH4, which interrupt the lipid peroxidation cascade. Additionally, deferoxamine, deferiprone and N-acetylcysteine, by targeting other cellular pathways, have also been classified as ferroptosis inhibitors. Increased evidence has established the involvement of ferroptosis in distinct brain diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Friedreich's ataxia. Thus, a deep understanding of how ferroptosis contributes to these diseases, and how it can be modulated, can open a new window of opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies and targets. Other studies have shown a sensitivity of cancer cells with mutated RAS to ferroptosis induction and that chemotherapeutic agents and ferroptosis inducers synergize in tumor treatment. Thus, it is tempting to consider that ferroptosis may arise as a target mechanistic pathway for the treatment of brain tumors. Therefore, this work provides an up-to-date review on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ferroptosis and their involvement in brain diseases. In addition, information on the main ferroptosis inducers and inhibitors and their molecular targets is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel José Barbosa
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP-IMS - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIQUP-IMS - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP-IMS - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Vitamin D Promotes Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells via SLC7A11 Downregulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4772134. [PMID: 36846715 PMCID: PMC9950793 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4772134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) play important roles in the prognosis, chemoresistance, and treatment failure of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ferroptosis is an effective treatment for CCSCs. Vitamin D (VD) reportedly inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation. However, information on the relationship between VD and ferroptosis in CCSCs is not well documented. In this study, we aimed to understand the effect of VD on ferroptosis in CCSCs. To this end, we treated CCSCs with different concentrations of VD and performed spheroid formation assay and transmission electron microscopy and determined cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, functional experiments, western blotting, and qRT-PCR were performed to explore the downstream molecular mechanisms of VD in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that VD treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of CCSCs and reduced the number of tumour spheroids in vitro. Further evaluations showed that the VD-treated CCSCs exhibited significantly higher ROS levels and lower levels of Cys and GSH as well as thickened mitochondrial membranes. Furthermore, the mitochondria in CCSCs were narrowed and ruptured after VD treatment. These results indicated that VD treatment significantly induced ferroptosis in CCSCs. Further exploration showed that SLC7A11 overexpression significantly attenuated VD-induced ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Hence, we concluded that VD induces ferroptosis in CCSCs by downregulating SLC7A11 in vitro and in vivo. These results provide new evidence for the therapeutic use of VD in treating CRC and new insights into VD-induced ferroptosis in CCSCs.
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Jankauskas SS, Kansakar U, Sardu C, Varzideh F, Avvisato R, Wang X, Matarese A, Marfella R, Ziosi M, Gambardella J, Santulli G. COVID-19 Causes Ferroptosis and Oxidative Stress in Human Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:326. [PMID: 36829885 PMCID: PMC9952002 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction have been shown to play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). On these grounds, we sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in human endothelial cells. We hypothesized that oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation induced by COVID-19 in endothelial cells could be linked to the disease outcome. Thus, we collected serum from COVID-19 patients on hospital admission, and we incubated these sera with human endothelial cells, comparing the effects on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation between patients who survived and patients who did not survive. We found that the serum from non-survivors significantly increased lipid peroxidation. Moreover, serum from non-survivors markedly regulated the expression levels of the main markers of ferroptosis, including GPX4, SLC7A11, FTH1, and SAT1, a response that was rescued by silencing TNFR1 on endothelial cells. Taken together, our data indicate that serum from patients who did not survive COVID-19 triggers lipid peroxidation in human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Celestino Sardu
- University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Roberta Avvisato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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10
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Liu F, Dong Y, Zhong F, Guo H, Dong P. CISD1 Is a Breast Cancer Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010037. [PMID: 36671422 PMCID: PMC9855828 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with diabetes mellitus are believed to have increased risk of developing breast cancer and lower life expectancies. This study aims to depict the association between the CISD1, the co-expressed genes, and diabetes mellitus to offer potential therapeutic targets for further mechanical research. The TCGA-BRCA RNAseq data is acquired. All the data and analyzed using R packages and web-based bioinformatics tools. CISD1 gene expression was evaluated between tumor bulk and adjacent tissue. Immune cell infiltration evaluation was performed. CISD1 expressed significantly higher in tumor tissue than that of the normal tissue, indicating poor overall survival rates. High expression level of CISD1 in tumor shows less pDC and NK cells penetration. There are 138 genes shared between CISD1 co-expressed gene pool in BRCA and diabetes mellitus related genes using "diabetes" as the term for text mining. These shared genes enrich in "cell cycle" and other pathways. MCODE analysis demonstrates that p53-independent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint, p53-independent DNA damage response, and ubiquitin mediated degradation of phosphorylated cdc25A are top-ranked than other terms. CISD1 and co-expressed genes, especially shared ones with diabetes mellitus, can be the focused genes considered when addressing clinical problems in breast cancer with a diabetes mellitus background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yifeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fuyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Haodan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Pengzhi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Bezawork-Geleta A, Dimou J, Watt MJ. Lipid droplets and ferroptosis as new players in brain cancer glioblastoma progression and therapeutic resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1085034. [PMID: 36591531 PMCID: PMC9797845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1085034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary brain tumor glioblastoma is the most lethal of all cancers and remains an extremely challenging disease. Apparent oncogenic signaling in glioblastoma is genetically complex and raised at any stage of the disease's progression. Many clinical trials have shown that anticancer drugs for any specific oncogene aberrantly expressed in glioblastoma show very limited activity. Recent discoveries have highlighted that alterations in tumor metabolism also contribute to disease progression and resistance to current therapeutics for glioblastoma, implicating an alternative avenue to improve outcomes in glioblastoma patients. The roles of glucose, glutamine and tryptophan metabolism in glioblastoma pathogenesis have previously been described. This article provides an overview of the metabolic network and regulatory changes associated with lipid droplets that suppress ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of nonapoptotic programmed cell death induced by excessive lipid peroxidation. Although few studies have focused on potential correlations between tumor progression and lipid droplet abundance, there has recently been increasing interest in identifying key players in lipid droplet biology that suppress ferroptosis and whether these dependencies can be effectively exploited in cancer treatment. This article discusses how lipid droplet metabolism, including lipid synthesis, storage, and use modulates ferroptosis sensitivity or tolerance in different cancer models, focusing on glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayenachew Bezawork-Geleta
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Ayenachew Bezawork-Geleta,
| | - James Dimou
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Angulo MB, Bertalovitz A, Argenziano MA, Yang J, Patel A, Zesiewicz T, McDonald TV. Frataxin deficiency alters gene expression in Friedreich ataxia derived IPSC-neurons and cardiomyocytes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 11:e2093. [PMID: 36369844 PMCID: PMC9834160 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive disease, whereby homozygous inheritance of an expanded GAA trinucleotide repeat expansion in the first intron of the FXN gene leads to transcriptional repression of the encoded protein frataxin. FRDA is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, but the primary cause of death is heart disease which occurs in 60% of the patients. Several functions of frataxin have been proposed, but none of them fully explain why its deficiency causes the FRDA phenotypes nor why the most affected cell types are neurons and cardiomyocytes. METHODS To investigate, we generated iPSC-derived neurons (iNs) and cardiomyocytes (iCMs) from an FRDA patient and upregulated FXN expression via lentivirus without altering genomic GAA repeats at the FXN locus. RESULTS RNA-seq and differential gene expression enrichment analyses demonstrated that frataxin deficiency affected the expression of glycolytic pathway genes in neurons and extracellular matrix pathway genes in cardiomyocytes. Genes in these pathways were differentially expressed when compared to a control and restored to control levels when FRDA cells were supplemented with frataxin. CONCLUSIONS These results offer novel insight into specific roles of frataxin deficiency pathogenesis in neurons and cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B. Angulo
- Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & PhysiologyMorsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Alexander Bertalovitz
- Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Department of Medicine (Cardiology)Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Mariana A. Argenziano
- Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & PhysiologyMorsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Aarti Patel
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology)Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Theresa Zesiewicz
- Department of NeurologyMorsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Thomas V. McDonald
- Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & PhysiologyMorsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA,Department of Medicine (Cardiology)Morsani College of Medicine, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
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13
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Zhao X, Wang X, Pang Y. Phytochemicals Targeting Ferroptosis: Therapeutic Opportunities and Prospects for Treating Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1360. [PMID: 36355532 PMCID: PMC9693149 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a recently discovered iron-dependent regulated cell death, has been implicated in the therapeutic responses of various cancers including breast cancer, making it a promising therapeutic target to manage this malignancy. Phytochemicals are conventional sources for medication development. Some phytochemicals have been utilized therapeutically to treat cancers as pharmaceutic agents or dietary supplements. Intriguingly, a considerable number of antitumor drugs derived from phytochemicals have been proven to be targeting ferroptosis, thus producing anticancer effects. In this review, we provide a short overview of the interaction between core ferroptosis modulators and breast cancer, illustrating how ferroptosis affects the destiny of breast cancer cells. We also systematically summarize the regulatory effects of phytochemicals on ferroptosis and emphasize their clinical applications in breast cancer suppression, which may accelerate the development of their therapeutic use in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhao
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xueni Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuzhou Pang
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
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14
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Molecular Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Relevance to Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172726. [PMID: 36078133 PMCID: PMC9454912 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis has recently been demonstrated to be a novel regulated non-apoptotic cell death characterized by iron-dependence and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation that results in membrane damage. Excessive iron induces ferroptosis by promoting the generation of both soluble and lipid ROS via an iron-dependent Fenton reaction and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme activity. Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase 4 (cGPX4) pairing with ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase 4 (mGPX4) pairing with dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) serve as two separate defense systems to detoxify lipid peroxidation in the cytoplasmic as well as the mitochondrial membrane, thereby defending against ferroptosis in cells under normal conditions. However, disruption of these defense systems may cause ferroptosis. Emerging evidence has revealed that ferroptosis plays an essential role in the development of diverse cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as hemochromatosis-associated cardiomyopathy, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, heart failure (HF), atherosclerosis, and COVID-19–related arrhythmias. Iron chelators, antioxidants, ferroptosis inhibitors, and genetic manipulations may alleviate the aforementioned CVDs by blocking ferroptosis pathways. In conclusion, ferroptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various CVDs and suppression of cardiac ferroptosis is expected to become a potential therapeutic option. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the molecular mechanisms involved in ferroptosis and its implications in cardiovascular disease.
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15
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Kelekçi S, Yıldız AB, Sevinç K, Çimen DU, Önder T. Perspectives on current models of Friedreich’s ataxia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:958398. [PMID: 36036008 PMCID: PMC9403045 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.958398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA, OMIM#229300) is the most common hereditary ataxia, resulting from the reduction of frataxin protein levels due to the expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the FXN gene. Why the triplet repeat expansion causes a decrease in Frataxin protein levels is not entirely known. Generation of effective FRDA disease models is crucial for answering questions regarding the pathophysiology of this disease. There have been considerable efforts to generate in vitro and in vivo models of FRDA. In this perspective article, we highlight studies conducted using FRDA animal models, patient-derived materials, and particularly induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived models. We discuss the current challenges in using FRDA animal models and patient-derived cells. Additionally, we provide a brief overview of how iPSC-based models of FRDA were used to investigate the main pathways involved in disease progression and to screen for potential therapeutic agents for FRDA. The specific focus of this perspective article is to discuss the outlook and the remaining challenges in the context of FRDA iPSC-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tamer Önder
- *Correspondence: Simge Kelekçi, , ; Tamer Önder,
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16
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Kang X, Huo Y, Jia S, He F, Li H, Zhou Q, Chang N, Liu D, Li R, Hu Y, Zhang P, Xu A. Silenced LINC01134 Enhances Oxaliplatin Sensitivity by Facilitating Ferroptosis Through GPX4 in Hepatocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939605. [PMID: 35875091 PMCID: PMC9304856 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recently, long noncoding RNA LINC01134 has been shown to reduce cell viability and apoptosis via the antioxidant stress pathway, thereby enhancing OXA resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the association of LINC01134 with ferroptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was employed to screen lncRNAs positively correlated with GPX4 and poor clinical prognosis. And Western blot and RT-PCR analysis in HCC cells confirmed the effect of LINC01134 on GPX4 expression. In addition, LINC01134 siRNA was transfected in HCC cells to detect the changes in cell viability, ROS, lipid peroxidation, MDA levels and GSH/GSSG levels. CCK-8, colony formation and apoptosis assays were performed to determine the effect of LINC01134 on cell death. The effect of LINC01134 and OXA on Nrf2 transcriptional binding to GPX4 was analyzed using dual luciferase reporter assay and CHIP. The expression of GPX4 and Nrf2 in HCC tissues was detected by FISH and IHC. Results LINC01134 is a novel lncRNA positively correlated with GPx4 and associated with poor clinical prognosis. Silenced LINC01134 conferred OXA sensitivity by enhancing total ROS, lipid ROS, MDA levels and decreasing GSH/GSSG ratio. Mechanistically, LINC01134 and OXA could promote Nrf2 recruitment to the GPX4 promoter region to exert transcriptional regulation of GPX4. Clinically, LINC01134 was positively correlated with GPX4 or Nrf2, demonstrating the clinical significance of LINC01134, Nrf2 and GPX4 in OXA resistance of HCC. Conclusions We identified LINC01134/Nrf2/GPX4 as a novel and critical axis to regulate HCC growth and progression. Targeting GPX4, knocking down LINC01134 or Nrf2 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Songhao Jia
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fuliang He
- Department of Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huizi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of gastroenterology, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nijia Chang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongkuan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: An Xu, ; Ping Zhang, ; Yi Hu, ; Rongkuan Li,
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: An Xu, ; Ping Zhang, ; Yi Hu, ; Rongkuan Li,
| | - Ping Zhang
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- *Correspondence: An Xu, ; Ping Zhang, ; Yi Hu, ; Rongkuan Li,
| | - An Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: An Xu, ; Ping Zhang, ; Yi Hu, ; Rongkuan Li,
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17
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Cerebral Iron Deposition in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050714. [PMID: 35625641 PMCID: PMC9138489 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of cerebral iron regulation appears to have a role in aging and in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Possible unfavorable impacts of iron accumulation include reactive oxygen species generation, induction of ferroptosis, and acceleration of inflammatory changes. Whole-brain iron-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques allow the examination of macroscopic patterns of brain iron deposits in vivo, while modern analytical methods ex vivo enable the determination of metal-specific content inside individual cell-types, sometimes also within specific cellular compartments. The present review summarizes the whole brain, cellular, and subcellular patterns of iron accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases of genetic and sporadic origin. We also provide an update on mechanisms, biomarkers, and effects of brain iron accumulation in these disorders, focusing on recent publications. In Parkinson’s disease, Friedreich’s disease, and several disorders within the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation group, there is a focal siderosis, typically in regions with the most pronounced neuropathological changes. The second group of disorders including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis shows iron accumulation in the globus pallidus, caudate, and putamen, and in specific cortical regions. Yet, other disorders such as aceruloplasminemia, neuroferritinopathy, or Wilson disease manifest with diffuse iron accumulation in the deep gray matter in a pattern comparable to or even more extensive than that observed during normal aging. On the microscopic level, brain iron deposits are present mostly in dystrophic microglia variably accompanied by iron-laden macrophages and in astrocytes, implicating a role of inflammatory changes and blood–brain barrier disturbance in iron accumulation. Options and potential benefits of iron reducing strategies in neurodegeneration are discussed. Future research investigating whether genetic predispositions play a role in brain Fe accumulation is necessary. If confirmed, the prevention of further brain Fe uptake in individuals at risk may be key for preventing neurodegenerative disorders.
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18
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Inhibiting Ferroptosis: A Novel Approach for Ulcerative Colitis Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9678625. [PMID: 35378823 PMCID: PMC8976662 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9678625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent and persistent nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that greatly affects human survival and social wealth. Despite the advances in the treatment of UC, there is still a high demand for novel therapeutic strategies for UC patients. Cell death is critical to the development and progression of UC. Understanding how intestinal cells die and how to prevent damage to intestinal cells is of great interest for the diagnosis and early treatment of UC. Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death (RCD) manifested by iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of UC. Inhibitors of ferroptosis have been validated in models of UC. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms of initiation and control of ferroptosis and summarize the therapeutic activity of ferroptosis inhibitors in models of UC. We further discussed the possibility of inhibiting ferroptosis as a novel therapeutic target for UC. These findings revealed novel mechanisms to protect the colonic mucosa and highlighted the importance of ferroptosis in the disease process.
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19
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Li W, Li M, Qi J. Nano-Drug Design Based on the Physiological Properties of Glutathione. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185567. [PMID: 34577040 PMCID: PMC8469141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is involved in and regulates important physiological functions of the body as an essential antioxidant. GSH plays an important role in anti-oxidation, detoxification, anti-aging, enhancing immunity and anti-tumor activity. Herein, based on the physiological properties of GSH in different diseases, mainly including the strong reducibility of GSH, high GSH content in tumor cells, and the NADPH depletion when GSSH is reduced to GSH, we extensively report the design principles, effect, and potential problems of various nano-drugs in diabetes, cancer, nervous system diseases, fluorescent probes, imaging, and food. These studies make full use of the physiological and pathological value of GSH and develop excellent design methods of nano-drugs related to GSH, which shows important scientific significance and prominent application value for the related diseases research that GSH participates in or responds to.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Qi
- Correspondence: or (M.L.); or (J.Q.)
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20
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Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in Friedreich ataxia: update on pathophysiological relevance and clinical interventions. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20200093. [PMID: 34046211 PMCID: PMC8132591 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a recessive disorder resulting from relative deficiency of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Frataxin functions in the process of iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster synthesis. In this review, we update some of the processes downstream of frataxin deficiency that may mediate the pathophysiology. Based on cellular models, in vivo models and observations of patients, ferroptosis may play a major role in the pathogenesis of FRDA along with depletion of antioxidant reserves and abnormalities of mitochondrial biogenesis. Ongoing clinical trials with ferroptosis inhibitors and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators are now targeting each of the processes. In addition, better understanding of the mitochondrial events in FRDA may allow the development of improved imaging methodology for assessing the disorder. Though not technologically feasible at present, metabolic imaging approaches may provide a direct methodology to understand the mitochondrial changes occurring in FRDA and provide a methodology to monitor upcoming trials of frataxin restoration.
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21
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Petrillo S, Santoro M, La Rosa P, Perna A, Gallo MG, Bertini ES, Silvestri G, Piemonte F. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Activation Might Mitigate Clinical Symptoms in Friedreich's Ataxia: Clues of an "Out-Brain Origin" of the Disease From a Family Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:638810. [PMID: 33708070 PMCID: PMC7940825 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.638810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is the most frequent autosomal recessive ataxia in western countries, with a mean age of onset at 10–15 years. Patients manifest progressive cerebellar and sensory ataxia, dysarthria, lower limb pyramidal weakness, and other systemic manifestations. Previously, we described a family displaying two expanded GAA alleles not only in the proband affected by late-onset FRDA but also in the two asymptomatic family members: the mother and the younger sister. Both of them showed a significant reduction of frataxin levels, without any disease manifestation. Here, we analyzed if a protective mechanism might contribute to modulate the phenotype in this family. We particularly focused on the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), the first line of antioxidant defense in cells, and on the glutathione (GSH) system, an index of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification ability. Our findings show a great reactivity of the GSH system to the frataxin deficiency, particularly in the asymptomatic mother, where the genes of GSH synthesis [glutamate–cysteine ligase (GCL)] and GSSG detoxification [GSH S-reductase (GSR)] were highly responsive. The GSR was activated even in the asymptomatic sister and in the proband, reflecting the need of buffering the GSSG increase. Furthermore, and contrasting the NRF2 expression documented in FRDA tissues, NRF2 was highly activated in the mother and in the younger sister, while it was constitutively low in the proband. This suggests that, also under frataxin depletion, the endogenous stimulation of NRF2 in asymptomatic FRDA subjects may contribute to protect against the progressive oxidative damage, helping to prevent the onset of neurological symptoms and highlighting an “out-brain origin” of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Perna
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Gallo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,UOC of Neurology, Area of Neuroscience, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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