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Mansouri K, Greupner T, Hahn A. Blood Pressure Stability and Plasma Aldosterone Reduction: The Effects of a Sodium and Bicarbonate-Rich Water - A Randomized Controlled Intervention Study. Blood Press 2024; 33:2291411. [PMID: 38124675 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2291411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Hypertension is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and dietary sodium intake has been linked to its development. However, mineral water high in bicarbonate and sodium does not appear to have adverse effects on blood pressure.This study examines the effects of consuming a mineral water high in bicarbonate and sodium (HBS) compared to a low bicarbonate and sodium (LBS) mineral water on blood pressure and related factors.Methods: A randomized controlled intervention was conducted with 94 healthy participants, consuming 1,500 - 2,000 mL daily of either mineral water high in bicarbonate and sodium (HBS water, n = 49) or low in bicarbonate and sodium (LBS water, n = 45). Blood pressure, anthropometrics, and urinary calcium and sodium excretion were assessed at baseline and after 28 days. 3-day food protocols were assessed to evaluate possible dietary changes.Results: Blood pressure changes did not differ between the groups. Both normotensive and hypertensive subjects showed similar changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to the different test waters. Serum aldosterone decreased significantly in both groups, with a greater reduction in the HBS group. Urinary calcium excretion significantly decreased (p = 0.002) and sodium excretion increased in the HBS group. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated no association between urinary sodium excretion and systolic blood pressure increase in the HBS group (B = 0.046, p = 0.170). Changes in urinary sodium excretion did not correlate with changes in serum aldosterone in the same group (r=-0.146, p = 0.350).Conclusions: The study revealed no significant differences in blood pressure changes between individuals consuming HBS water and LBS water. Notably, the additional sodium intake from the test water was effectively excreted.Trial registration: This trial was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00025341, https://drks.de/search/en).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mansouri
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, 30159, Hanover, Germany
| | - Theresa Greupner
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, 30159, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, 30159, Hanover, Germany
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Wang J, Xue H, He J, Deng L, Tian J, Jiang Y, Feng J. Therapeutic potential of finerenone for diabetic cardiomyopathy: focus on the mechanisms. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:232. [PMID: 39289758 PMCID: PMC11409712 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a kind of myocardial disease that occurs in diabetes patients and cannot be explained by hypertensive heart disease, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and other heart diseases. Its pathogenesis may be closely related to programmed cell death, oxidative stress, intestinal microbes and micro-RNAs. The excessive activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in DCM can cause damage to the heart and kidneys. The third-generation non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA), finerenone, can effectively block MR, thus playing a role in protecting the heart and kidneys. This review mainly introduces the classification of MRA, and the mechanism of action, applications and limitations of finerenone in DCM, in order to provide reference for the study of treatment plans for DCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital Medical Group Gulin Hospital (Gulin County People's Hospital), Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Haojie Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital Medical Group Gulin Hospital (Gulin County People's Hospital), Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinyu He
- Department of Cardiology, Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital Medical Group Gulin Hospital (Gulin County People's Hospital), Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Julong Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital Medical Group Gulin Hospital (Gulin County People's Hospital), Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Stem Cell Immunity and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital Medical Group Gulin Hospital (Gulin County People's Hospital), Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Gomez DE, Kamr A, Gilsenan WF, Burns TA, Mudge MC, Hostnik LD, Toribio RE. Endothelial glycocalyx degradation in critically ill foals. J Vet Intern Med 2024. [PMID: 39275920 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) degradation occurs in septic humans and EG products can be used as biomarkers of endothelial injury. Information about EG biomarkers and their association with disease severity is lacking in hospitalized foals. OBJECTIVES Measure serum syndecan-1 (SDC-1), heparan sulfate (HS), angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2), aldosterone (ALD), and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations and to determine their association with disease severity and death in hospitalized foals. ANIMALS Ninety foals ≤3 days old. METHODS Prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study. Foals were categorized into hospitalized (n = 74; 55 septic; 19 sick nonseptic) and 16 healthy foals. Serum ([SDC-1], [HS], [ANG-2], [ALD]) and plasma (ANP) were measured over 72 hours using immunoassays. RESULTS Serum ([SDC-1], [HS], [ANG-2], [ALD]) and plasma (ANP) were significantly higher in hospitalized and septic than healthy foals (P < .05). Serum (ANG-2) and plasma (ANP) were significantly higher in hospitalized nonsurvivors than in survivors (P < .05). On admission, hospitalized foals with serum (HS) > 58.7 ng/mL had higher odds of nonsurvival (odds ratio [OR] = 6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-36.7). Plasma (ANP) >11.5 pg/mL was associated with the likelihood of nonsurvival in hospitalized foals (OR = 7.2; 95% CI = 1.4-37.4; P < .05). Septic foals with serum (ANG-2) >1018 pg/mL on admission had higher odds of nonsurvival (OR = 6.5; 95% CI =1.2-36.6; P < .05). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Critical illness in newborn foals is associated with EG degradation and injury, and these biomarkers are related to the severity of disease on admission and the outcome of sick foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Kamr
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | | | - Teresa A Burns
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - M C Mudge
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura D Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ramiro E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Xu SZ, Sathyapalan T. Molecular Aspects of Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1032. [PMID: 39199419 PMCID: PMC11352402 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Zhong Xu
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RU, UK
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RU, UK
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Maitituersun A, Heizhati M, Li N, Gan L, Li M, Yao L, Yang W, Liu S, Aierken X, Wang H, Liu M, Hong J, Wu T, Zhang D, Zhu Q. Associated lifestyle factors of elevated plasma aldosterone concentration in community population, gender-stratified analysis of a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1370. [PMID: 38773424 PMCID: PMC11110359 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldosterone plays important parts in development of cardio-metabolic diseases as end product of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. However, factors elevating circulating aldosterone are not clear, and lifestyle-related factors are suggested to be involved, whereas less studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association of lifestyle factors with plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in community population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we recruited participants using multistage random sampling from Emin China in 2019, and collected data and fasting blood samples. The considered lifestyle factors included obesity parameters (neck circumference, abdominal circumference), alcohol consumption, blood pressure (BP), physical activity, sleep duration, sleep quality, mental state (depression and anxiety), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid profiles (total cholesterol and triglyceride). PAC was measured using radioimmunoassay. We performed sex-stratified linear and logistic regressions to explore associated factors of PAC. Component analysis was further performed to identify the main factors affecting PAC. RESULTS Twenty-seven thousand four hundred thirty-six participants with 47.1% men were included. Obesity parameters (neck circumference, abdominal circumference), glucose metabolism (FBG), psychological status (anxiety status in men and women, depression status in men), BP, liver function (in men), lipid metabolism (TC and TG in men), sleep parameters (sleep quality in women), and renal function (in women) are the main factors associated with elevated PAC. CONCLUSION lower physical activity, alcohol consumption, higher BP, fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, higher fasting blood glucose, and presence of depression and anxiety were the main factors associated with eleveated PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalaiti Maitituersun
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mulalibieke Heizhati
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Nanfang Li
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Lin Gan
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mei Li
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ling Yao
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiayire Aierken
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Delian Zhang
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Xinjiang Hypertension Institute; NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Hypertension Research Laboratory"; Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases, No. 91 Tianchi Road, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
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Triebel H, Castrop H. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:705-713. [PMID: 38233636 PMCID: PMC11033231 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we will cover (i) the proteolytic cascade of the RAAS, (ii) its regulation by multiple feedback-controlled parameters, and (iii) the major effects of the RAAS. For the effects of the RAAS, we focus on the role of the RAAS in the regulation of volume homeostasis and vascular tone, as major determinants of arterial blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Triebel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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Camarda ND, Ibarrola J, Biwer LA, Jaffe IZ. Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Vascular Smooth Muscle: Blood Pressure and Beyond. Hypertension 2024; 81:1008-1020. [PMID: 38426347 PMCID: PMC11023801 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
After half a century of evidence suggesting the existence of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in the vasculature, the advent of technology to specifically knockout the MR from smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in mice has elucidated contributions of SMC-MR to cardiovascular function and disease, independent of the kidney. This review summarizes the latest understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which SMC-MR contributes to (1) regulation of vasomotor function and blood pressure to contribute to systemic and pulmonary hypertension; (2) vascular remodeling in response to hypertension, vascular injury, obesity, and aging, and the impact on vascular calcification; and (3) cardiovascular pathologies including aortic aneurysm, heart valve dysfunction, and heart failure. Data are reviewed from in vitro studies using SMCs and in vivo findings from SMC-specific MR-knockout mice that implicate target genes and signaling pathways downstream of SMC-MR. By regulating expression of the L-type calcium channel subunit Cav1.2 and angiotensin II type-1 receptor, SMC-MR contributes to myogenic tone and vasoconstriction, thereby contributing to systemic blood pressure. MR activation also promotes SMC proliferation, migration, production and degradation of extracellular matrix, and osteogenic differentiation by regulating target genes including connective tissue growth factor, osteopontin, bone morphogenetic protein 2, galectin-3, and matrix metallopeptidase-2. By these mechanisms, SMC-MR promotes disease progression in models of aging-associated vascular stiffness, vascular calcification, mitral and aortic valve disease, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. While rarely tested, when sexes were compared, the mechanisms of SMC-MR-mediated disease were sexually dimorphic. These advances support targeting SMC-MR-mediated mechanisms to prevent and treat diverse cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Camarda
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaime Ibarrola
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren A. Biwer
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iris Z. Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Staub O, Debonneville A, Stifanelli M, Juffre A, Maillard MP, Gumz ML, Al-Qusairi L. Renal tubular SGK1 is required to achieve blood pressure surge and circadian rhythm. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F629-F637. [PMID: 37676758 PMCID: PMC10878722 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00211.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian pattern that rises during the active phase of the day (morning surge) and decreases during the inactive (night dipping) phase of the day. The morning surge coincides with increased circulating glucocorticoids and aldosterone, ligands for glucocorticoid receptors and mineralocorticoid receptors, respectively. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), a clock-controlled and glucocorticoid receptor- and mineralocorticoid receptor-induced gene, plays a role in BP regulation in human and animal models. However, the role of SGK1 in BP circadian regulation has not yet been demonstrated. Using telemetry, we analyzed BP in the inducible renal tubule-specific Sgk1Pax8/LC1 model under basal K+ diet (1% K+) and high-K+ diet (HKD; 5% K+). Our data revealed that, under basal conditions, renal SGK1 plays a minor role in BP regulation; however, after 1 wk of HKD, Sgk1Pax8/LC1 mice exhibited significant defects in diastolic BP (DBP), including a blunted surge, a decreased amplitude, and reduced day/night differences. After prolonged HKD (7 wk), Sgk1Pax8/LC1 mice had lower BP than control mice and exhibited reduced DBP amplitude, together with decreased DBP day/night differences and midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR). Interestingly, renal SGK1 deletion increased pulse pressure, likely secondary to an increase in circulating aldosterone. Taken together, our data suggest that 1) the kidney plays a significant role in setting the BP circadian rhythm; 2) renal tubule SGK1 mediates the BP surge and, thus, the day/night BP difference; 3) long-term renal SGK1 deletion results in lower BP in mutant compared with control mice; and 4) renal SGK1 indirectly regulates pulse pressure due to compensatory alterations in aldosterone levels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Dysregulation of blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and kidney diseases. Our study provides experimental evidence demonstrating, for the first time, that renal tubule serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) plays an essential role in inducing the BP surge. Inhibitors and activators of SGK1 signaling are parts of several therapeutic strategies. Our findings highlight the importance of the drug intake timing to be in phase with SGK1 function to avoid dysregulation of BP circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Staub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Debonneville
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Stifanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Marc P Maillard
- Division of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Lama Al-Qusairi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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