Pinus halepensis Essential Oil Ameliorates Aβ1-42-Induced Brain Injury by Diminishing Anxiety, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in Rats

The 40-Hz White Light Emitting Diode to Alleviate Psychiatric Symptoms Induced by Streptozotocin In Vivo

Introduction

A 40-Hz white light emitting diode (WLED) has emerged as an alternative nonpharmacological and noninvasive approach to Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of 40-Hz WLED on psychiatric symptoms (PS) and the contribution of mitochondrial factors in the early stages of sporadic AD (sAD) in rats.

Methods

In male Wistar rats, the AD model was induced via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After recovering (7 days) from stereotaxic surgery, 40-Hz WLED exposure was performed for 7 consecutive days lasting 15 min/d. Behavioral (elevated plus maze (EPM), force swim test, and social interaction test), enzymatic, and molecular assays were conducted 24 hours after the last 40-Hz WLED exposure.

Results

Behavioral tasks revealed that 40-Hz WLED exposure in STZ-induced toxicity rats lowered anxiety and depression and increased social interaction. Furthermore, the 40-Hz WLED therapy in STZ-induced toxicity rats increased catalase (CAT) activity in the amygdala, decreased the activity of monoamine oxidases A and B in the whole brain, and increased mitochondrial DNA in the hippocampus.

Conclusion

The current study supports that 40-Hz WLED therapy improved PS and biomarkers in the early stages of sAD. Also, a potential relationship between PS and alterations in mitochondrial markers in certain brain regions seems to exist.

Management of the Brain: Essential Oils as Promising Neuroinflammation Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neuroinflammation, a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of various brain disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, has become a focal point for therapeutic exploration. This review highlights neuroinflammatory mechanisms that hallmark neurodegenerative diseases and the potential benefits of essential oils in counteracting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, thereby offering a novel strategy for managing and mitigating the impact of various brain disorders. Essential oils, derived from aromatic plants, have emerged as versatile compounds with a myriad of health benefits. Essential oils exhibit robust antioxidant activity, serving as scavengers of free radicals and contributing to cellular defense against oxidative stress. Furthermore, essential oils showcase anti-inflammatory properties, modulating immune responses and mitigating inflammatory processes implicated in various chronic diseases. The intricate mechanisms by which essential oils and phytomolecules exert their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were explored, shedding light on their multifaceted properties. Notably, we discussed their ability to modulate diverse pathways crucial in maintaining oxidative homeostasis and suppressing inflammatory responses, and their capacity to rescue cognitive deficits observed in preclinical models of neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases.