1
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Fisher WW, Hammonds AS, Weiszmann R, Booth BW, Gevirtzman L, Patton JEJ, Kubo CA, Waterston RH, Celniker SE. A modERN resource: identification of Drosophila transcription factor candidate target genes using RNAi. Genetics 2023; 223:iyad004. [PMID: 36652461 PMCID: PMC10078917 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in development and in cellular responses to the environment by activating or repressing the transcription of target genes in precise spatial and temporal patterns. In order to develop a catalog of target genes of Drosophila melanogaster TFs, the modERN consortium systematically knocked down the expression of TFs using RNAi in whole embryos followed by RNA-seq. We generated data for 45 TFs which have 18 different DNA-binding domains and are expressed in 15 of the 16 organ systems. The range of inactivation of the targeted TFs by RNAi ranged from log2fold change -3.52 to +0.49. The TFs also showed remarkable heterogeneity in the numbers of candidate target genes identified, with some generating thousands of candidates and others only tens. We present detailed analysis from five experiments, including those for three TFs that have been the focus of previous functional studies (ERR, sens, and zfh2) and two previously uncharacterized TFs (sens-2 and CG32006), as well as short vignettes for selected additional experiments to illustrate the utility of this resource. The RNA-seq datasets are available through the ENCODE DCC (http://encodeproject.org) and the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). TF and target gene expression patterns can be found here: https://insitu.fruitfly.org. These studies provide data that facilitate scientific inquiries into the functions of individual TFs in key developmental, metabolic, defensive, and homeostatic regulatory pathways, as well as provide a broader perspective on how individual TFs work together in local networks during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Fisher
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ann S Hammonds
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard Weiszmann
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Benjamin W Booth
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Louis Gevirtzman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jaeda E J Patton
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Connor A Kubo
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert H Waterston
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Susan E Celniker
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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2
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Kumar R, Bauri S, Sahu S, Chauhan S, Dholpuria S, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Mishra M, Gupta PK. In Vivo Toxicological Analysis of MnFe 2O 4@poly( tBGE-alt-PA) Composite as a Hybrid Nanomaterial for Possible Biomedical Use. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1122-1132. [PMID: 36757355 PMCID: PMC10031559 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites have significantly contributed to biomedical science due to less aggregation behavior and enhanced physicochemical properties. This study synthesized a MnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) nanocomposite for the first time and physicochemically characterized it. The obtained hybrid nanomaterial was tested in vivo for its toxicological properties before use in drug delivery, tissue engineering fields, and environmental applications. The composite was biocompatible with mouse fibroblast cells and hemocompatible with 2% RBC suspension. This nanocomposite was tested on Drosophila melanogaster due to its small size, well-sequenced genome, and low cost of testing. The larvae's crawling speed and direction were measured after feeding. No abnormal path and altered crawling pattern indicated the nonappearance of abnormal neurological disorder in the larva. The gut organ toxicity was further analyzed using DAPI and DCFH-DA dye to examine the structural anomalies. No apoptosis and necrosis were observed in the gut of the fruit fly. Next, adult flies were examined for phenotypic anomalies after their pupal phases emerged. No defects in the phenotypes, including the eye, wings, abdomen, and bristles, were found in our study. Based on these observations, the MnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) composite may be used for various biomedical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samir Bauri
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008 Odisha, India
| | - Soumyamitra Sahu
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008 Odisha, India
| | - Shaily Chauhan
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunny Dholpuria
- Department of Life Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006 Haryana, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008 Odisha, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310 Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun 248002 Uttarakhand, India
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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3
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Martelli F. In vivo Assessment of Lysosomal Stress in the Drosophila Brain Using Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4599. [PMID: 36789165 PMCID: PMC9901471 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes play a central role in signaling, nutrient sensing, response to stress, and the degradation and recycling of cellular content. Defects in lysosomal digestive enzymes or structural components can impair lysosomal function with dire consequences to the cell, such as neurodegeneration. A number of methods exist to assess lysosomal stress in the model Drosophila, such as specific driver and reporter strains, transmission electron microscopy, and the investigation of gene expression. These methods, however, can be time consuming and, in some cases, costly. The procedure described here provides a quick, reliable, and low-cost approach to measure lysosomal stress in the Drosophila brain. Using fluorescence confocal microscopy and the LysoTracker staining, this protocol allows for the direct measurement of lysosome size and number. This method can be used to assess lysosomal stress under a number of different genetic and environmental scenarios in the Drosophila brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martelli
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,*For correspondence:
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4
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Gaudioso Á, Silva TP, Ledesma MD. Models to study basic and applied aspects of lysosomal storage disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114532. [PMID: 36122863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The lack of available treatments and fatal outcome in most lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) have spurred research on pathological mechanisms and novel therapies in recent years. In this effort, experimental methodology in cellular and animal models have been developed, with aims to address major challenges in many LSDs such as patient-to-patient variability and brain condition. These techniques and models have advanced knowledge not only of LSDs but also for other lysosomal disorders and have provided fundamental insights into the biological roles of lysosomes. They can also serve to assess the efficacy of classical therapies and modern drug delivery systems. Here, we summarize the techniques and models used in LSD research, which include both established and recently developed in vitro methods, with general utility or specifically addressing lysosomal features. We also review animal models of LSDs together with cutting-edge technology that may reduce the need for animals in the study of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gaudioso
- Centro Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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Atreya KB, Saba JD. Neurological Consequences of Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Insufficiency. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:938693. [PMID: 36187293 PMCID: PMC9519528 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.938693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017, an inborn error of metabolism caused by recessive mutations in SGPL1 was discovered. The disease features steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and neurological defects. The latter can include sensorineural hearing loss, cranial nerve defects, peripheral neuropathy, abnormal brain development, seizures and/or neurodegeneration. SGPL1 encodes the pyridoxal-5’-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL), and the condition is now referred to as SPL insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS). SPL catalyzes the final step in the degradative pathway of sphingolipids in which the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is irreversibly degraded to a long chain aldehyde and phosphoethanolamine (PE). SPL guards the only exit point for sphingolipid metabolism, and its inactivation leads to accumulation of various types of sphingolipids which have biophysical roles in plasma membrane rafts and myelin, and signaling roles in cell cycle progression, vesicular trafficking, cell migration, and programmed cell death. In addition, the products of the SPL reaction have biological functions including regulation of autophagic flux, which is important in axonal and neuronal integrity. In this review, the neurological manifestations of SPLIS will be described, and insights regarding the neurological consequences of SPL insufficiency from the study of brain-specific SPL knockout mice and Drosophila SPL mutants will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan B. Atreya
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Julie D. Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Julie D. Saba
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6
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Autofluorescent Biomolecules in Diptera: From Structure to Metabolism and Behavior. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144458. [PMID: 35889334 PMCID: PMC9318335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-based phenomena in insects have long attracted researchers’ attention. Surface color distribution patterns are commonly used for taxonomical purposes, while optically-active structures from Coleoptera cuticle or Lepidoptera wings have inspired technological applications, such as biosensors and energy accumulation devices. In Diptera, besides optically-based phenomena, biomolecules able to fluoresce can act as markers of bio-metabolic, structural and behavioral features. Resilin or chitinous compounds, with their respective blue or green-to-red autofluorescence (AF), are commonly related to biomechanical and structural properties, helpful to clarify the mechanisms underlying substrate adhesion of ectoparasites’ leg appendages, or the antennal abilities in tuning sound detection. Metarhodopsin, a red fluorescing photoproduct of rhodopsin, allows to investigate visual mechanisms, whereas NAD(P)H and flavins, commonly relatable to energy metabolism, favor the investigation of sperm vitality. Lipofuscins are AF biomarkers of aging, as well as pteridines, which, similarly to kynurenines, are also exploited in metabolic investigations. Beside the knowledge available in Drosophila melanogaster, a widely used model to study also human disorder and disease mechanisms, here we review optically-based studies in other dipteran species, including mosquitoes and fruit flies, discussing future perspectives for targeted studies with various practical applications, including pest and vector control.
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7
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Spitz D, Comas M, Gerstner L, Kayser S, Helmstädter M, Walz G, Hermle T. mTOR-Dependent Autophagy Regulates Slit Diaphragm Density in Podocyte-like Drosophila Nephrocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132103. [PMID: 35805186 PMCID: PMC9265458 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Both mTOR signaling and autophagy are important modulators of podocyte homeostasis, regeneration, and aging and have been implicated in glomerular diseases. However, the mechanistic role of these pathways for the glomerular filtration barrier remains poorly understood. We used Drosophila nephrocytes as an established podocyte model and found that inhibition of mTOR signaling resulted in increased spacing between slit diaphragms. Gain-of-function of mTOR signaling did not affect spacing, suggesting that additional cues limit the maximal slit diaphragm density. Interestingly, both activation and inhibition of mTOR signaling led to decreased nephrocyte function, indicating that a fine balance of signaling activity is needed for proper function. Furthermore, mTOR positively controlled cell size, survival, and the extent of the subcortical actin network. We also showed that basal autophagy in nephrocytes is required for survival and limits the expression of the sns (nephrin) but does not directly affect slit diaphragm formation or endocytic activity. However, using a genetic rescue approach, we demonstrated that excessive, mTOR-dependent autophagy is primarily responsible for slit diaphragm misspacing. In conclusion, we established this invertebrate podocyte model for mechanistic studies on the role of mTOR signaling and autophagy, and we discovered a direct mTOR/autophagy-dependent regulation of the slit diaphragm architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Spitz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Maria Comas
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (T.H.); Tel.: +49-0761-270-63046 (M.C.); +49-761-270-33630 (T.H.)
| | - Lea Gerstner
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Séverine Kayser
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hermle
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (D.S.); (L.G.); (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (T.H.); Tel.: +49-0761-270-63046 (M.C.); +49-761-270-33630 (T.H.)
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8
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Cook K, Parks A. The international exchange of Drosophila melanogaster strains. REV SCI TECH OIE 2022; 41:82-90. [PMID: 35925634 PMCID: PMC10116490 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been a model organism for experimental research for more than a century, and the knowledge and associated genetic technologies accumulated around this species make it extremely important to contemporary biomedical research. A large international community of highly collaborative scientists investigate a remarkable diversity of biological problems using genetically characterised strains of Drosophila, and frequently exchange these strains across borders. Despite its importance to the study of fundamental biological processes and human disease-related cellular mechanisms, and the fact that it presents minimal health, agricultural or environmental risks, Drosophila can be difficult to import. The authors argue that streamlined regulations and practices would benefit biomedical research by lowering costs and increasing efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.R. Cook
- Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405-7005, United States of America
| | - A.L. Parks
- Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405-7005, United States of America
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9
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Tello JA, Williams HE, Eppler RM, Steinhilb ML, Khanna M. Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Disease: Recent Advances in Fly Highlight Innovative Approaches to Drug Discovery. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:883358. [PMID: 35514431 PMCID: PMC9063566 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.883358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a formidable challenge to global health. As advances in other areas of medicine grant healthy living into later decades of life, aging diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders can diminish the quality of these additional years, owed largely to the lack of efficacious treatments and the absence of durable cures. Alzheimer's disease prevalence is predicted to more than double in the next 30 years, affecting nearly 15 million Americans, with AD-associated costs exceeding $1 billion by 2050. Delaying onset of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases is critical to improving the quality of life for patients and reducing the burden of disease on caregivers and healthcare systems. Significant progress has been made to model disease pathogenesis and identify points of therapeutic intervention. While some researchers have contributed to our understanding of the proteins and pathways that drive biological dysfunction in disease using in vitro and in vivo models, others have provided mathematical, biophysical, and computational technologies to identify potential therapeutic compounds using in silico modeling. The most exciting phase of the drug discovery process is now: by applying a target-directed approach that leverages the strengths of multiple techniques and validates lead hits using Drosophila as an animal model of disease, we are on the fast-track to identifying novel therapeutics to restore health to those impacted by neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Tello
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center of Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Haley E. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center of Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Robert M. Eppler
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Michelle L. Steinhilb
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center of Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Splicing Modulation as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Lysosomal Storage Disorders: The Mucopolysaccharidoses Example. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050608. [PMID: 35629276 PMCID: PMC9146820 DOI: 10.3390/life12050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, the many functions of RNA have become more evident. This molecule has been recognized not only as a carrier of genetic information, but also as a specific and essential regulator of gene expression. Different RNA species have been identified and novel and exciting roles have been unveiled. Quite remarkably, this explosion of novel RNA classes has increased the possibility for new therapeutic strategies that tap into RNA biology. Most of these drugs use nucleic acid analogues and take advantage of complementary base pairing to either mimic or antagonize the function of RNAs. Among the most successful RNA-based drugs are those that act at the pre-mRNA level to modulate or correct aberrant splicing patterns, which are caused by specific pathogenic variants. This approach is particularly tempting for monogenic disorders with associated splicing defects, especially when they are highly frequent among affected patients worldwide or within a specific population. With more than 600 mutations that cause disease affecting the pre-mRNA splicing process, we consider lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) to be perfect candidates for this type of approach. Here, we introduce the overall rationale and general mechanisms of splicing modulation approaches and highlight the currently marketed formulations, which have been developed for non-lysosomal genetic disorders. We also extensively reviewed the existing preclinical studies on the potential of this sort of therapeutic strategy to recover aberrant splicing and increase enzyme activity in our diseases of interest: the LSDs. Special attention was paid to a particular subgroup of LSDs: the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). By doing this, we hoped to unveil the unique therapeutic potential of the use of this sort of approach for LSDs as a whole.
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De Pasquale V, Scarcella M, Pavone LM. Molecular Mechanisms in Lysosomal Storage Diseases: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040922. [PMID: 35453672 PMCID: PMC9031509 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80127 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.P.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Melania Scarcella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.D.P.); (L.M.P.)
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12
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Murakawa T, Nakamura T, Kawaguchi K, Murayama F, Zhao N, Stasevich TJ, Kimura H, Fujita N. A Drosophila toolkit for HA-tagged proteins unveils a block in autophagy flux in the last instar larval fat body. Development 2022; 149:274775. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
For in vivo functional analysis of a protein of interest (POI), multiple transgenic strains with a POI that harbors different tags are needed but generation of these strains is still labor-intensive work. To overcome this, we have developed a versatile Drosophila toolkit with a genetically encoded single-chain variable fragment for the HA epitope tag: ‘HA Frankenbody’. This system allows various analyses of HA-tagged POI in live tissues by simply crossing an HA Frankenbody fly with an HA-tagged POI fly. Strikingly, the GFP-mCherry tandem fluorescent-tagged HA Frankenbody revealed a block in autophagic flux and an accumulation of enlarged autolysosomes in the last instar larval and prepupal fat body. Mechanistically, lysosomal activity was downregulated at this stage, and endocytosis, but not autophagy, was indispensable for the swelling of lysosomes. Furthermore, forced activation of lysosomes by fat body-targeted overexpression of Mitf, the single MiTF/TFE family gene in Drosophila, suppressed the lysosomal swelling and resulted in pupal lethality. Collectively, we propose that downregulated lysosomal function in the fat body plays a role in the metamorphosis of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Murakawa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakamura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawaguchi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Futoshi Murayama
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Timothy J. Stasevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- World Research Hub Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- World Research Hub Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naonobu Fujita
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-11 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science & Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science & Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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13
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Drosophila D-idua Reduction Mimics Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I Disease-Related Phenotypes. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010129. [PMID: 35011691 PMCID: PMC8750945 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficit of the IDUA (α-L-iduronidase) enzyme causes the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), a rare pediatric neurometabolic disease, due to pathological variants in the IDUA gene and is characterized by the accumulation of the undegraded mucopolysaccharides heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate into lysosomes, with secondary cellular consequences that are still mostly unclarified. Here, we report a new fruit fly RNAi-mediated knockdown model of a IDUA homolog (D-idua) displaying a phenotype mimicking some typical molecular features of Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSD). In this study, we showed that D-idua is a vital gene in Drosophila and that ubiquitous reduction of its expression leads to lethality during the pupal stage, when the precise degradation/synthesis of macromolecules, together with a functional autophagic pathway, are indispensable for the correct development to the adult stage. Tissue-specific analysis of the D-idua model showed an increase in the number and size of lysosomes in the brain and muscle. Moreover, the incorrect acidification of lysosomes led to dysfunctional lysosome-autophagosome fusion and the consequent block of autophagy flux. A concomitant metabolic drift of glycolysis and lipogenesis pathways was observed. After starvation, D-idua larvae showed a quite complete rescue of both autophagy/lysosome phenotypes and metabolic alterations. Metabolism and autophagy are strictly interconnected vital processes that contribute to maintain homeostatic control of energy balance, and little is known about this regulation in LSDs. Our results provide new starting points for future investigations on the disease’s pathogenic mechanisms and possible pharmacological manipulations.
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Golgi requires a new casting in the screenplay of mucopolysaccharidosis II cytopathology. Biol Futur 2021; 73:31-42. [PMID: 34837645 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome (L), a hydrolytic compartment of the endo-lysosomal system (ELS), plays a central role in the metabolic regulation of eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, it has a central role in the cytopathology of several diseases, primarily in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II, Hunter disease) is a rare LSD caused by idunorate-2-sulphatase (IDS) enzyme deficiency. To provide a new platform for drug development and clarifying the background of the clinically observed cytopathology, we established a human in vitro model, which recapitulates all cellular hallmarks of the disease. Some of our results query the traditional concept by which the storage vacuoles originate from the endosomal system and suggest a new concept, in which endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and RAB2/LAMP positive Golgi (G) vesicles play an initiative role in the vesicle formation. In this hypothesis, Golgi is not only an indirectly affected organelle but enforced to be the main support of vacuole formation. The purposes of this minireview are to give a simple guide for understanding the main relationships in ELS, to present the storage vacuoles and their relation to ELS compartments, to recommend an alternative model for vacuole formation, and to place the Golgi in spotlight of MPS II cytopathology.
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