1
|
Cao D, Liu Y, Mei J, Yu S, Zeng C, Zhang J, Li Y. Identification of autophagy-related genes as potential biomarkers correlated with immune infiltration in bipolar disorder: a bioinformatics analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:231. [PMID: 39272120 PMCID: PMC11395970 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-02003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a kind of manic and depressive phase alternate episodes of serious mental illness, and it is correlated with well-documented cortical brain abnormalities. Emerging evidence supports that autophagy dysfunction in neuronal system contributes to pathophysiological changes in neurological disease. However, the role of autophagy in bipolar disorder has rarely been elucidated. This study aimed to identify the autophagy-related gene as a potential biomarker Correlated to immune infiltration in BPD. METHODS The microarray dataset GSE23848 and autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were downloaded. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and BPD samples were screened using the R software. Machine learning algorithms were performed to screen the significant candidate biomarker from autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (ARDEGs). The correlation between the screened ARDEGs and infiltrating immune cells was explored through correlation analysis. RESULTS In this study, the autophagy pathway was abundantly enriched and activated in BPD, as indicated by Pathway enrichment analysis. We identified 16 ARDEGs in BPD compared to the normal group. A signature of 4 ARDEGs (ERN1, ATG3, CTSB, and EIF2AK3) was screened. ROC analysis showed that the above genes have good diagnostic performance. In addition, immune correlation analysis considered that the above four genes significantly correlated with immune cells in BPD. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy - immune cell axis mediates pathophysiological changes in BPD. Four important ARDEGs are prospective to be potential biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in BPD and helpful for the prediction or diagnosis of BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brain Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brain Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jinghong Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brain Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shuailong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brain Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Cong Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brain Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brain Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brain Research Center, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao S, Zou Y, Kennedy KG, Dimick MK, Andreazza AC, Young LT, Goncalves VF, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Pilot study of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in relation to brain structure in youth bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2024; 12:21. [PMID: 38874862 PMCID: PMC11178693 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-024-00334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the neuropathology of bipolar disorder (BD). Higher circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA), generally reflecting poorer mitochondrial health, has been associated with greater symptoms severity in BD. The current study examines the association of serum ccf-mtDNA and brain structure in relation to youth BD. We hypothesized that higher ccf-mtDNA will be associated with measures of lower brain structure, particularly in the BD group. METHODS Participants included 40 youth (BD, n = 19; Control group [CG], n = 21; aged 13-20 years). Serum ccf-mtDNA levels were assayed. T1-weighted brain images were acquired using 3T-MRI. Region of interest (ROI) analyses examined prefrontal cortex (PFC) and whole brain gray matter, alongside exploratory vertex-wise analyses. Analyses examined ccf-mtDNA main-effects and ccf-mtDNA-by-diagnosis interaction effects controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume. RESULTS There was no significant difference in ccf-mtDNA levels between BD and CG. In ROI analyses, higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher PFC surface area (SA) (β = 0.32 p < 0.001) and PFC volume (β = 0.32 p = 0.002) in the overall sample. In stratified analyses, higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher PFC SA within both subgroups (BD: β = 0.39 p = 0.02; CG: β = 0.24 p = 0.045). Higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher PFC volume within the BD group (β = 0.39 p = 0.046). In vertex-wise analyses, higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher SA and volume in frontal clusters within the overall sample and within the BD group. There were significant ccf-mtDNA-by-diagnosis interactions in three frontal and parietal clusters, whereby higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher neurostructural metrics in the BD group but lower neurostructural metrics in CG. CONCLUSIONS Contrasting our hypothesis, higher ccf-mtDNA was consistently associated with higher, rather than lower, regional neuralstructural metrics among youth with BD. While this finding may reflect a compensatory mechanism, future repeated-measures prospective studies evaluating the inter-relationship among ccf-mtDNA, mood, and brain structure across developmental epochs and illness stages are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Shao
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Yi Zou
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Trevor Young
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa F Goncalves
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Giménez-Palomo A, Guitart-Mampel M, Roqué G, Sánchez E, Borràs R, Meseguer A, García-García FJ, Tobías E, Valls-Roca L, Anmella G, Valentí M, Olivier L, de Juan O, Ochandiano I, Andreu H, Radua J, Verdolini N, Berk M, Vieta E, Garrabou G, Roca J, Alsina-Restoy X, Pacchiarotti I. Aerobic capacity and mitochondrial function in bipolar disorder: a longitudinal study during acute phases and after clinical remission. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1386286. [PMID: 38596629 PMCID: PMC11002204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1386286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic capacity has shown to predict physical and mental health-related quality of life in bipolar disorder (BD). However, the correlation between exercise respiratory capacity and mitochondrial function remains understudied. We aimed to assess longitudinally intra-individual differences in these factors during mood episodes and remission in BD. Methods This study included eight BD patients admitted to an acute psychiatric unit. Incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was conducted during acute episodes (T0), followed by constant work rate cycle ergometry (CWRCE) to evaluate endurance time, oxygen uptake at peak exercise (VO2peak) and at the anaerobic threshold. The second test was repeated during remission (T1). Mitochondrial respiration rates were assessed at T0 and T1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results Endurance time, VO2peak, and anaerobic threshold oxygen consumption showed no significant variations between T0 and T1. Basal oxygen consumption at T1 tended to inversely correlate with maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity (r=-0.690, p=0.058), and VO2peak during exercise at T1 inversely correlated with basal and minimum mitochondrial respiration (r=-0.810, p=0.015; r=-0.786, p=0.021, respectively). Conclusions Our preliminary data showed that lower basal oxygen consumption may be linked to greater mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and maximum oxygen uptake during the exercise task was associated with lower basal mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that lower oxygen requirements could be associated with greater mitochondrial capacity. These findings should be replicated in larger samples stratified for manic and depressive states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giménez-Palomo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Roqué
- Pneumology Department (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ester Sánchez
- Pneumology Department (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger Borràs
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Meseguer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Josep García-García
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Tobías
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Valls-Roca
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Valentí
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis Olivier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oscar de Juan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iñaki Ochandiano
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helena Andreu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Local Health Unit Umbria 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, Orygen, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Muscular Disorders Research Lab, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Roca
- Pneumology Department (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Alsina-Restoy
- Pneumology Department (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kathuria A, Lopez-Lengowski K, McPhie D, Cohen BM, Karmacharya R. Disease-specific differences in gene expression, mitochondrial function and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in iPSC-derived cerebral organoids and cortical neurons in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:8. [PMID: 36915374 PMCID: PMC9998323 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-023-00031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
We compared transcriptomic profiles of cerebral organoids differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells of eight schizophrenia and eight bipolar disorder patients to identify genes that were differentially expressed in cerebral organoids between two disorders. Gene ontology analysis showed relative up-regulation in schizophrenia organoids of genes related to response to cytokines, antigen binding and clathrin-coated vesicles, while showing up-regulation in bipolar disorder of genes involved in calcium binding. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment in schizophrenia of genes involved in mitochondrial and oxidative phosphorylation while showing enrichment in bipolar disorder of genes involved in long term potentiation and neuro-transporters. We compared mitochondrial function in cerebral organoids from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder subjects and found that while schizophrenia organoids showed deficits in basal oxygen consumption rate and ATP production when compared to healthy control organoids, while bipolar disorder organoids did not show these deficits. Gene ontology analyses also revealed enrichment in bipolar disorder of genes in ion binding and regulation of transport. Experiments examining the interaction between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in cortical neurons from bipolar disorder subjects showed a significantly lower number of contact sites between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum when compared to cortical neurons from schizophrenia patients. These results point to disease-specific deficits in mitochondrial respiration in schizophrenia and in mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interactions in bipolar disorder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44192-023-00031-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kathuria
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kara Lopez-Lengowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Donna McPhie
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|