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Barker EN, Payne JR, Wilson H. Control line failure in Angiostrongylus vasorum point-of-care serology test in dogs with angiostrongylosis due to suspected hook effect. J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:243-250. [PMID: 38438331 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiostrongylosis is a significant differential for a diverse range of clinical signs in dogs, many of whom present acutely and sometimes with fatal consequences. Point-of-care diagnostic assays include a commercially available Angiostrongylus vasorum qualitative direct lateral flow assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case records from one referral centre from dogs with an invalid A. vasorum lateral flow assay, comprising an absent control line alongside a visible test line, were reviewed. As control line failure was hypothesised to be due to antigen excess; where available the A. vasorum lateral flow assay was repeated using dilutions of the original serum. RESULTS Six dogs had an invalid A. vasorum lateral flow assay result. Five dogs had presented with acute-onset, severe clinical disease consistent with angiostrongylosis, and one dog was a clinically healthy in-contact. Clinical suspicion of angiostrongylosis was confirmed using alternative diagnostic testing and/or response to treatment. Repetition of the A. vasorum lateral flow assay, in four cases, using diluted plasma (10% to 12.5% v/v) resulted in the appearance of a control line alongside the visible test line. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A heavy burden of A. vasorum infection resulting in angiostrongylosis should be suspected in dogs with compatible clinical signs and an invalid A. vasorum lateral flow assay result due to control failure alongside a visible test line. Repetition of the test with a diluted serum may be considered to account for the hook effect, also known as the postzone phenomenon, as a possible cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Barker
- Langford Vets, Small Animal Referral Hospital, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - J R Payne
- Langford Vets, Small Animal Referral Hospital, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - H Wilson
- Langford Vets, Small Animal Referral Hospital, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
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Cavalera S, Di Nardo F, Serra T, Testa V, Baggiani C, Rosati S, Colitti B, Brienza L, Colasanto I, Nogarol C, Cosseddu D, Guiotto C, Anfossi L. A semi-quantitative visual lateral flow immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection for the follow-up of immune response to vaccination or recovery. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2139-2149. [PMID: 38315042 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technique is largely employed for the point-of-care detection of antibodies especially for revealing the immune response in serum. Visual LFIAs usually provide the qualitative yes/no detection of antibodies, while quantification requires some equipment, making the assay more expensive and complicated. To achieve visual semi-quantification, the alignment of several lines (made of the same antigen) along a LFIA strip has been proposed. The numbering of the reacting lines has been used to correlate with the quantity of some biomarkers in serum. Here, we designed the first semiquantitative LFIA for detecting antibodies and applied it to classify the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 raised by vaccination or natural infection. We used a recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) as the specific capture reagent to draw two test lines. The detection reagent was selected among three possible ligands that are able to bind to anti-spike human antibodies: the same RBD, staphylococcal protein A, and anti-human immunoglobulin G antibodies. The most convenient detector, adsorbed on gold nanoparticles, was chosen based on the highest correlation with an antibody titre of 171 human sera, measured by a reference serological method, and was the RBD (Spearman's rho = 0.84). Incorporated into the semiquantitative LFIA, it confirmed the ability to discriminate high- and low-titre samples and to classify them into two classes (Dunn's test, P < 0.05). The proposed approach enabled the semiquantification of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 by the unaided eye observation, thus overcoming the requirement of costly and complicated equipment, and represents a general strategy for the development of semiquantitative serological LFIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Thea Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Valentina Testa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ludovica Brienza
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Irene Colasanto
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Chiara Nogarol
- In3diagnostic srl, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Domenico Cosseddu
- A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Ospedale Umberto I di Torino, Via Magellano 1, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Guiotto
- A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Ospedale Umberto I di Torino, Via Magellano 1, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
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3
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Cavalera S, Alladio E, Foglia EA, Grazioli S, Colitti B, Rosati S, Nogarol C, Di Nardo F, Serra T, Testa V, Baggiani C, Maccabiani G, Brocchi E, Anfossi L. Experimental design for the development of a multiplex antigen lateral flow immunoassay detecting the Southern African Territory (SAT) serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:9. [PMID: 38052755 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Antigenic lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) rely on the non-competitive sandwich format, including a detection (labelled) antibody and a capture antibody immobilised onto the analytical membrane. When the same antibody is used for the capture and the detection (single epitope immunoassay), the saturation of analyte epitopes by the probe compromises the capture and lowers the sensitivity. Hence, several factors, including the amount of the probe, the antibody-to-label ratio, and the contact time between the probe and the analyte before reaching the capture antibody, must be adjusted. We explored different designs of experiments (full-factorial, optimal, sub-optimal models) to optimise a multiplex sandwich-type LFIA for the diagnosis and serotyping of two Southern African Territory (SAT) serotypes of the foot-and-mouth disease virus, and to evaluate the reduction of the number of experiments in the development. Both assays employed single epitope sandwich, so most influencing variables on the sensitivity were studied and individuated. We upgraded a previous device increasing the sensitivity by a factor of two and reached the visual limit of detection of 103.7 and 104.0 (TCID/mL) for SAT 1 and SAT 2, respectively. The positioning of the capture region along the LFIA strip was the most influent variable to increase the detectability. Furthermore, we confirmed that the 13-optimal DoE was the most convenient approach for designing the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Alladio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Efrem Alessandro Foglia
- National/OIE/FAO, Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Santina Grazioli
- National/OIE/FAO, Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 5, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 5, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Chiara Nogarol
- In3diagnostic s.r.l., Largo P. Braccini, 2, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Thea Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Valentina Testa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Giampietro Maccabiani
- National/OIE/FAO, Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- National/OIE/FAO, Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
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Sotnikov DV, Byzova NA, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Ability of Antibodies Immobilized on Gold Nanoparticles to Bind Small Antigen Fluorescein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16967. [PMID: 38069289 PMCID: PMC10707089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The analytical applications of antibodies are often associated with their immobilization on different carriers, which is accompanied by a loss of antigen-binding activity for a sufficient proportion of the bound antibodies. In contrast to data on plain carriers, minimal data are available on the properties of antibodies on the surfaces of nanoparticles. Protein antigens have been predominantly investigated, for which space restrictions do not allow them to occupy all active sites of immobilized antibodies. This study considered a low-molecular-weight compound, fluorescein, as an antigen. Spherical gold nanoparticles with five different sizes, two differently charged forms of fluorescein, and three different levels of surface coverage by immobilized antibodies were tested. For gold nanoparticles with diameters from 14 to 35.5 nm with monolayers of immobilized antibodies, the percentage of molecules capable of binding carboxyfluorescein varied from 6% to 17%. The binding of aminofluorescein was more efficient; for gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 21 nm, the percentage of active binding sites for the immobilized antibodies reached 27% compared with 13% for the carboxyfluorescein case. A fourfold reduction in the coverage of the nanoparticles' surface compared with that of the monolayer did not lead to reliable changes in the percentage of active binding sites. The obtained data demonstrate that an antigen's binding to immobilized antibodies is limited even for small antigens and depends on the size of the nanoparticles and the electrostatic repulsion near their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V. Sotnikov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.B.); (A.V.Z.); (B.B.D.)
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5
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Cavalera S, Serra T, Abad-Fuentes A, Mercader JV, Abad-Somovilla A, Nardo FD, D'Avolio A, De Nicolò A, Testa V, Chiarello M, Baggiani C, Anfossi L. Development and In-House Validation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and a Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Dosage of Tenofovir in Human Saliva. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:667. [PMID: 37367032 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) includes very potent drugs that are often characterized by high toxicity. Tenofovir (TFV) is a widely used drug prescribed mainly for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreP) and the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The therapeutic range of TFV is narrow, and adverse effects occur with both underdose and overdose. The main factor contributing to therapeutic failure is the improper management of TFV, which may be caused by low compliance or patient variability. An important tool to prevent inappropriate administration is therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of compliance-relevant concentrations (ARCs) of TFV. TDM is performed routinely using time-consuming and expensive chromatographic methods coupled with mass spectrometry. Immunoassays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs), are based on antibody-antigen specific recognition and represent key tools for real-time quantitative and qualitative screening for point-of-care testing (POCT). Since saliva is a non-invasive and non-infectious biological sample, it is well-suited for TDM. However, saliva is expected to have a very low ARC for TFV, so tests with high sensitivity are required. Here, we have developed and validated a highly sensitive ELISA (IC50 1.2 ng/mL, dynamic range 0.4-10 ng/mL) that allows the quantification of TFV in saliva at ARCs and an extremely sensitive LFIA (visual LOD 0.5 ng/mL) that is able to distinguish between optimal and suboptimal ARCs of TFV in untreated saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Thea Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Abad-Fuentes
- Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep V Mercader
- Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad-Somovilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Avolio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Amedeo De Nicolò
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Testa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiarello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
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6
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Dzantiev BB. New and Improved Nanomaterials and Approaches for Optical Bio- and Immunosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040443. [PMID: 37185518 PMCID: PMC10135878 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The current state in the development of biosensors is largely associated with the search for new approaches to simplify measurements and lower detection limits [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris B Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Cavalera S, Colitti B, De Mia GM, Feliziani F, Giudici SD, Angioi PP, D'Errico F, Scalas D, Scollo A, Serra T, Chiarello M, Testa V, Di Nardo F, Baggiani C, Oggiano A, Rosati S, Anfossi L. Development of molecular and antigenic-based rapid tests for the identification of African swine fever virus in different tissues. Talanta 2023; 258:124443. [PMID: 36933298 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe haemorrhagic infectious disease affecting suids, thus representing a great economic concern. Considering the importance of the early diagnosis, rapid point of care testing (POCT) for ASF is highly demanded. In this work, we developed two strategies for the rapid onsite diagnosis of ASF, based on Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) techniques. The LFIA was a sandwich-type immunoassay exploiting a monoclonal antibody directed towards the p30 protein of the virus (Mab). The Mab was anchored onto the LFIA membrane to capture the ASFV and was also labelled with gold nanoparticles for staining the antibody-p30 complex. However, the use of the same antibody for capturing and as detector ligand showed a significant competitive effect for antigen binding, so required an experimental design to minimize reciprocal interference and maximize the response. The RPA assay, employing primers to the capsid protein p72 gene and an exonuclease III probe, was performed at 39 °C. The limit of detection of the method was assessed using a plasmid encoding the target gene and resulted in 5 copy/μL. The new LFIA and RPA were applied for ASFV detection in the animal tissues usually analysed by conventional assays (i.e., real-time PCR), such as kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes. A simple and universal virus extraction protocol was applied for sample preparation, followed by DNA extraction and purification for the RPA. The LFIA only required the addition of 3% H2O2 to limit matrix interference and prevent false positive results. The two rapid methods (25 min and 15 min were needed to complete the analysis for RPA and LFIA, respectively) showed high diagnostic specificity (100%) and sensitivity (93% and 87% for LFIA and RPA, respectively) for samples with high viral load (Ct < 27). False negative results were observed for samples with low viral load (Ct > 28) and/or also containing specific antibodies to ASFV, which decreased antigen availability and were indicative of a chronic, poorly transmissible infection. The simple and rapid sample preparation and the diagnostic performance of the LFIA suggested its large practical applicability for POC diagnosis of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy.
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy.
| | - Gian Mario De Mia
- National Reference Laboratory for Asfivirus and Pestivirus Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'Umbria e Delle Marche (IZSUM), Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Laboratory for Asfivirus and Pestivirus Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'Umbria e Delle Marche (IZSUM), Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei Giudici
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Angioi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Federica D'Errico
- National Reference Laboratory for Asfivirus and Pestivirus Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'Umbria e Delle Marche (IZSUM), Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Daniela Scalas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Annalisa Scollo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Thea Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Testa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Oggiano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
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Seele PP, Dyan B, Skepu A, Maserumule C, Sibuyi NRS. Development of Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassays for Rapid Detection of TB ESAT-6 and CFP-10. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:354. [PMID: 36979566 PMCID: PMC10046134 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study reports on the development of a rapid and cost-effective TB-antigen diagnostic test for the detection of Mycobacterium biomarkers from non-sputum-based samples. Two gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in the form of lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) were developed for detection of immunodominant TB antigens, the 6 kDa early secreted antigen target EsxA (ESAT-6) and the 10 kDa culture filtrate protein EsxB (CFP-10). AuNPs were synthesized using the Turkevich method and characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The AuNP-detection probe conjugation conditions were determined by comparing the stability of 14 nm AuNPs at different pH conditions, following salt challenge. Thereafter, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antibodies were conjugated to the AuNPs and used for the colorimetric detection of TB antigens. Selection of the best detection and capture antibody pairs was determined by Dot spotting. The limits of detection (LODs) for the LFIAs were evaluated by dry testing. TEM results showed that the 14 nm AuNPs were mostly spherical and well dispersed. The ESAT-6 LFIA prototype had an LOD of 0.0625 ng/mL versus the CFP-10 with an LOD of 7.69 ng/mL. Compared to other studies in the literature, the LOD was either similar or lower, outperforming them. Moreover, in some of the previous studies, an enrichment/extraction step was required to improve on the LOD. In this study, the LFIAs produced results within 15 min and could be suitable for use at PoCs either in clinics, mobile clinics, hospitals or at home by the end user. However, further studies need to be conducted to validate their use in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Pamela Seele
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Busiswa Dyan
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Amanda Skepu
- Advanced Chemistry and Life Sciences Division, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Maserumule
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
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Liang Z, Yao K, Wang S, Yin J, Ma X, Yin X, Wang X, Sun Y. Understanding the research advances on lumpy skin disease: A comprehensive literature review of experimental evidence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1065894. [PMID: 36519172 PMCID: PMC9742232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1065894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which can induce cattle with high fever and extensive nodules on the mucosa or the scarfskin, seriously influencing the cattle industry development and international import and export trade. Since 2013, the disease has spread rapidly and widely throughout the Russia and Asia. In the past few decades, progress has been made in the study of LSDV. It is mainly transmitted by blood-sucking insects, and various modes of transmission with distinct seasonality. Figuring out how the virus spreads will help eradicate LSDV at its source. In the event of an outbreak, selecting the most effective vaccine to block and eliminate the threat posed by LSDV in a timely manner is the main choice for farmers and authorities. At present, a variety of vaccines for LSDV have been developed. The available vaccine products vary in quality, protection rate, safety and side effects. Early detection of LSDV can help reduce the cost of disease. In addition, because LSDV has a huge genome, it is currently also used as a vaccine carrier, forming a new complex with other viral genes through homologous recombination. The vaccine prepared based on this can have a certain preventive effect on many kinds of diseases. Clinical detection of disease including nucleic acid and antigen level. Each method varies in convenience, accuracy, cost, time and complexity of equipment. This article reviews our current understanding of the mode of transmission of LSDV and advances in vaccine types and detection methods, providing a background for further research into various aspects of LSDV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaishen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanbin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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