1
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Sousa DA, Berberan-Santos MN, Prata JV. Are "Carbon Dots" Always Carbon Dots? Evidence for their Supramolecular Nature from Structural and Dynamic Studies in Solution and in the Pure Solid. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302955. [PMID: 37943001 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
A model for the morphology (size, shape, and crystallinity) of carbon dots (CDs) in the solid state consistent with the observed photoluminescence in solution is proposed herein. Overwhelming evidence has been collected that links the data coming from solid-state analysis (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS)) to that of solution (pulsed-field gradient (PFG)-NMR spectroscopy, time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy (TRFA), and steady-state/time-resolved fluorescence), allowing the establishment of an overall structural model for CDs. According to this model, the so-called carbon dots, observed under HRTEM imaging, are in fact supramolecular organized structures dynamically assembled from small to medium-sized molecular species when the solvent is removed to give the solid form. In this way, the imaged nanoparticles (TEM/AFM) are not covalently bound entities formed during the synthetic process, but instead supramolecular entities formed by noncovalent interactions. These particles, if at all present in solution, have the form of loose associations of relatively small molecules. This study was conducted on CDs obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of a biomass waste (olive wet pomace).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo A Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007, Lisbon, Portugal
- BSIRG-iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário N Berberan-Santos
- BSIRG-iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José V Prata
- Department of Chemical Engineering Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007, Lisbon, Portugal
- CQ-VR-Centro de Química-Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
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2
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Madonia A, Minervini G, Terracina A, Pramanik A, Martorana V, Sciortino A, Carbonaro CM, Olla C, Sibillano T, Giannini C, Fanizza E, Curri ML, Panniello A, Messina F, Striccoli M. Dye-Derived Red-Emitting Carbon Dots for Lasing and Solid-State Lighting. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21274-21286. [PMID: 37870465 PMCID: PMC10655242 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots are carbon-based nanoparticles renowned for their intense light-emitting capabilities covering the whole visible light range. Achieving carbon dots emitting in the red region with high efficiency is extremely relevant due to their huge potential in biological applications and in optoelectronics. Currently, photoluminescence in such an energy interval is often associated with polyheterocyclic molecular domains forming during the synthesis that, however, present low emission efficiency and issues in controlling the optical features. Here, we overcome these problems by solvothermally synthesizing carbon dots starting from Neutral Red, a common red-emitting dye, as a molecular precursor. As a result of the synthesis, such molecular fluorophore is incorporated into a carbonaceous core while retaining its original optical properties. The obtained nanoparticles are highly luminescent in the red region, with a quantum yield comparable to that of the starting dye. Most importantly, the nanoparticle carbogenic matrix protects the Neutral Red molecules from photobleaching under ultraviolet excitation while preventing aggregation-induced quenching, thus allowing solid-state emission. These advantages have been exploited to develop a fluorescence-based color conversion layer by fabricating polymer-based highly concentrated solid-state carbon dot nanocomposites. Finally, the dye-based carbon dots demonstrate both stable Fabry-Perot lasing and efficient random lasing emission in the red region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Madonia
- CNR-IPCF
Bari Division, Italian National Research
Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Gianluca Minervini
- CNR-IPCF
Bari Division, Italian National Research
Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
- Department
of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Angela Terracina
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segrè”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Ashim Pramanik
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segrè”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Martorana
- Institute
of Biophysics Palermo Division, Italian
National Research Council, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Alice Sciortino
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segrè”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo 90123, Italy
- ATeN
Center, Università degli Studi di
Palermo, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Olla
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Teresa Sibillano
- CNR-IC
Institute of Crystallography, Italian National
Research Council, Bari 70122, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- CNR-IC
Institute of Crystallography, Italian National
Research Council, Bari 70122, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- CNR-IPCF
Bari Division, Italian National Research
Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
- Chemistry
Department, University of Bari “Aldo
Moro”, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Maria L. Curri
- CNR-IPCF
Bari Division, Italian National Research
Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
- Chemistry
Department, University of Bari “Aldo
Moro”, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Annamaria Panniello
- CNR-IPCF
Bari Division, Italian National Research
Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Messina
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segrè”, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo 90123, Italy
- ATeN
Center, Università degli Studi di
Palermo, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- CNR-IPCF
Bari Division, Italian National Research
Council, Bari, 70126, Italy
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3
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Minervini G, Madonia A, Panniello A, Fanizza E, Curri ML, Striccoli M. One-Pot Synthesis of Dual Color-Emitting CDs: Numerical and Experimental Optimization towards White LEDs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:374. [PMID: 36770335 PMCID: PMC9920914 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon Dots (CDs) are fluorescent carbon-based nanoparticles that have attracted increasing attention in recent years as environment-friendly and cost-effective fluorophores. An application that can benefit from CDs in a relatively short-term perspective is the fabrication of color-converting materials in phosphor-converted white LEDs (WLEDs). In this work we present a one-pot solvothermal synthesis of polymer-passivated CDs that show a dual emission band (in the green and in the red regions) upon blue light excitation. A purposely designed numerical approach enables evaluating how the spectroscopic properties of such CDs can be profitable for application in WLEDs emulating daylight characteristics. Subsequently, we fabricate nanocomposite coatings based on the dual color-emitting CDs via solution-based strategies, and we compare their color-converting properties with those of the simulated ones to finally accomplish white light emission. The combined numerical and experimental approach can find a general use to reduce the number of experimental trial-and-error steps required for optimization of CD optical properties for lighting application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Minervini
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Madonia
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Panniello
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- CNR-IPCF Bari Division, c/o Chemistry Department, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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4
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Fluorescent Multifunctional Organic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Bioimaging: A Tutorial Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112498. [PMID: 36432688 PMCID: PMC9698844 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) are a large family of nanostructures constituted by organic components that emit light in different spectral regions upon excitation, due to the presence of organic fluorophores. FONs are of great interest for numerous biological and medical applications, due to their high tunability in terms of composition, morphology, surface functionalization, and optical properties. Multifunctional FONs combine several functionalities in a single nanostructure (emission of light, carriers for drug-delivery, functionalization with targeting ligands, etc.), opening the possibility of using the same nanoparticle for diagnosis and therapy. The preparation, characterization, and application of these multifunctional FONs require a multidisciplinary approach. In this review, we present FONs following a tutorial approach, with the aim of providing a general overview of the different aspects of the design, preparation, and characterization of FONs. The review encompasses the most common FONs developed to date, the description of the most important features of fluorophores that determine the optical properties of FONs, an overview of the preparation methods and of the optical characterization techniques, and the description of the theoretical approaches that are currently adopted for modeling FONs. The last part of the review is devoted to a non-exhaustive selection of some recent biomedical applications of FONs.
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5
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Mocci F, de Villiers Engelbrecht L, Olla C, Cappai A, Casula MF, Melis C, Stagi L, Laaksonen A, Carbonaro CM. Carbon Nanodots from an In Silico Perspective. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13709-13799. [PMID: 35948072 PMCID: PMC9413235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are the latest and most shining rising stars among photoluminescent (PL) nanomaterials. These carbon-based surface-passivated nanostructures compete with other related PL materials, including traditional semiconductor quantum dots and organic dyes, with a long list of benefits and emerging applications. Advantages of CNDs include tunable inherent optical properties and high photostability, rich possibilities for surface functionalization and doping, dispersibility, low toxicity, and viable synthesis (top-down and bottom-up) from organic materials. CNDs can be applied to biomedicine including imaging and sensing, drug-delivery, photodynamic therapy, photocatalysis but also to energy harvesting in solar cells and as LEDs. More applications are reported continuously, making this already a research field of its own. Understanding of the properties of CNDs requires one to go to the levels of electrons, atoms, molecules, and nanostructures at different scales using modern molecular modeling and to correlate it tightly with experiments. This review highlights different in silico techniques and studies, from quantum chemistry to the mesoscale, with particular reference to carbon nanodots, carbonaceous nanoparticles whose structural and photophysical properties are not fully elucidated. The role of experimental investigation is also presented. Hereby, we hope to encourage the reader to investigate CNDs and to apply virtual chemistry to obtain further insights needed to customize these amazing systems for novel prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy,
| | | | - Chiara Olla
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Antonio Cappai
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Casula
- Department
of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, IT 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudio Melis
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Luigi Stagi
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy,Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,State Key
Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China,Centre
of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, PetruPoni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania,Division
of Energy Science, Energy Engineering, Luleå
University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden,
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6
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Gürünlü B, Taşdelen-Yücedağ Ç, Bayramoğlu M. One Pot Synthesis of Graphene through Microwave Assisted Liquid Exfoliation of Graphite in Different Solvents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155027. [PMID: 35956975 PMCID: PMC9370801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an easy and quick method for the synthesis of graphene from graphite in a set of solvents, including n-Hexadecane (n-Hexa), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 1-octanol (OCTA), perchloric acid (PA), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), ethylene glycol (EG), and ethylene diamine (ED), via microwave (MW) energy. The properties of final products were determined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and the four-point probe technique. The XRD spectra of most of the MW-assisted graphene products showed peaks at 2θ = 26.5° and 54°. Layer numbers extend from 2 and 25, and the leading comes about were gotten by having two-layered products, named as graphene synthesized in dimethylsulfoxide (G-DMSO), graphene synthesized in ethylene glycol (G-EG), and graphene synthesized in 1-octanol (G-OCTA). G-DMF has the highest electrical conductivity with 22 S/m. The electrical conductivity is higher when the dipole moment of the used solvent is between 2 and 4 Debye (D). The FTIR spectra of most of the MW-assisted graphene products are in line with commercial graphene (CG). The UV-Vis spectra of all MW-assisted graphene products showed a peak at 223 nm referring to characteristic sp2 C=C bonds and 273 nm relating to the n → π * transition of C-O bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Gürünlü
- Bioengineering Department, Üsküdar University, Altunizade Mah. Üniversite Sok., Üsküdar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-544-354-9288
| | | | - Mahmut Bayramoğlu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey
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7
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Madonia A, Sciortino A, Martin-Sabi M, Cannas M, Ammar S, Messina F, Schaming D. Electron transfer between carbon dots and tetranuclear Dawson-derived sandwich polyanions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17654-17664. [PMID: 35834214 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the photocatalysts which could be used for converting solar energy, polyoxometalates are often regarded as ideal candidates because of their remarkable performances in photocatalytic water splitting and photodegradation of pollutants. Nonetheless, these polyanions are only capable of absorbing UV light, unless coupled to a visible-light photosensitizer. Carbon nanodots are especially promising for this purpose because of their strong visible-light absorption, photostability, non-toxicity, and very low production costs. In this work we demonstrate the possibility of coupling carbon dots to polyoxometalates with different structures, by a simple self-assembly approach based on electrostatic interactions in solution phase. Our studies highlight an extremely efficient interaction between the two compounds, resulting in ultrafast photoinduced electron or energy transfer from carbon dots to the coupled polyoxometalates, depending on the structure of the latter, as revealed by a detailed study based on ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The evidence herein provided shows how nanohybrids based on polyoxometalates photosensitized by carbon dots could find their place in photocatalytic applications, thanks to their remarkable efficiency and huge versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Madonia
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Alice Sciortino
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, DiFC, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mercè Martin-Sabi
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Marco Cannas
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, DiFC, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Souad Ammar
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Fabrizio Messina
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, DiFC, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy. .,Università degli Studi di Palermo, CHAB-ATeN Center, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Delphine Schaming
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France.
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8
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Choi C, Chakraborty A, Coyle A, Shamiya Y, Paul A. Contact-Free Remote Manipulation of Hydrogel Properties Using Light-Triggerable Nanoparticles: A Materials Science Perspective for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102088. [PMID: 35032156 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in synthesizing "intelligent", biodegradable hydrogels that undergo rapid changes in physicochemical properties once exposed to external stimuli. These advantageous properties of stimulus-triggered materials make them highly appealing to diverse biomedical applications. Of late, research on the incorporation of light-triggered nanoparticles (NPs) into polymeric hydrogel networks has gained momentum due to their ability to remotely tune hydrogel properties using facile, contact-free approaches, such as adjustment of wavelength and intensity of light source. These multi-functional NPs, in combination with tissue-mimicking hydrogels, are increasingly being used for on-demand drug release, preparing diagnostic kits, and fabricating smart scaffolds. Here, the authors discuss the atomic behavior of different NPs in the presence of light, and critically review the mechanisms by which NPs convert light stimuli into heat energy. Then, they explain how these NPs impact the mechanical properties and rheological behavior of NPs-impregnated hydrogels. Understanding the rheological behavior of nanocomposite hydrogels using different sophisticated strategies, including computer-assisted machine learning, is critical for designing the next generation of drug delivery systems. Next, they highlight the salient strategies that have been used to apply light-induced nanocomposites for diverse biomedical applications and provide an outlook for the further improvement of these NPs-driven light-responsive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho‐E Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Aishik Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Ali Coyle
- School of Biomedical Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Yasmeen Shamiya
- Department of Chemistry The University of Western Ontario London ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Arghya Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemistry The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London ON N6A 5B9 Canada
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9
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Patir K, Gogoi SK. Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Chlorine Doped Carbon Nitride Dots. Front Chem 2022; 10:812602. [PMID: 35372269 PMCID: PMC8968440 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.812602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal free room temperature phosphorescent materials have been the subject of considerable attention due to their potential applications in optoelectronic devices sensing, and security and safety signage. This study discusses how efficient fluorescent and phosphorescent chlorine doped carbon nitride dots (Cl-CNDs) were prepared by thermal treatment of guanidine hydrochloride. The Cl-CNDs prepared were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, PXRD, EDX, Thermo gravimetric analysis, FT-IR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The Cl-CNDs exhibit a long phosphorescence lifetime of 657 ms and the phosphorescence quantum yield was found to be 2.32% upon being excited at 360 nm in ambient conditions. Formation of compact coreparticles via condensation along with hydrogen bonding of Cl-CNDs by its functional groups facilitate intersystem crossing and stabilizes the triplet states, favoring room temperature phosphorescence. The cost effective preparation and tunable optical properties of Cl-CNDs may find applications in security encryption and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khemnath Patir
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
- Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Sonit Kumar Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
- *Correspondence: Sonit Kumar Gogoi,
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10
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Astafiev AA, Shakhov AM, Tskhovrebov AG, Shatov A, Gulin A, Shepel D, Nadtochenko VA. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanodots Produced by Femtosecond Laser Synthesis for Effective Fluorophores. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6810-6823. [PMID: 35252675 PMCID: PMC8892850 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of heteroatom doping is crucial for the design of carbon nanodots (CNDs) with enhanced luminescent properties for fluorescence imaging and light-emitting devices. Here, we study the effect and mechanisms of luminescence enhancement through nitrogen doping in nanodots synthesized by the bottom-up route in an intense femtosecond laser field using the comparative analysis of CNDs obtained from benzene and pyridine. We demonstrate that laser irradiation of aromatic compounds produces hybrid nanoparticles consisting of a nanocrystalline core with a shell of surface-bonded aromatic rings. These nanoparticles exhibit excitation-dependent visible photoluminescence typical for CNDs. Incorporation of nitrogen into pyridine-derived CNDs enhances their luminescence characteristics through the formation of small pyridine-based fluorophores peripherally bonded to the nanoparticles. We identify oxidation of surface pyridine rings as a mechanism of formation of several distinct blue- and green-emitting fluorophores in nanodots, containing pyridine moieties. These findings shed additional light on the nature and formation mechanism of effective fluorophores in nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots produced by the bottom-up route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom A. Astafiev
- Bio&Nanophotonics
Lab, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Chemistry
Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksander M. Shakhov
- Bio&Nanophotonics
Lab, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Chemistry
Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander G. Tskhovrebov
- Bio&Nanophotonics
Lab, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Research
Institute of Chemistry, People’s
Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Shatov
- Bio&Nanophotonics
Lab, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Gulin
- Bio&Nanophotonics
Lab, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Shepel
- Bio&Nanophotonics
Lab, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A. Nadtochenko
- Bio&Nanophotonics
Lab, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Chemistry
Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Praveen PA, Muthuraja P, Gopinath P, Kanagasekaran T. Impact of Furan Substitution on the Optoelectronic Properties of Biphenylyl/Thiophene Derivatives for Light-Emitting Transistors. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:600-607. [PMID: 35057620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biphenylyl/thiophene systems are known for their ambipolar behavior and good optical emissivity. However, often these systems alone are not enough to fabricate the commercial-grade light-emitting devices. In particular, our recent experimental and theoretical analyses on the three-ring-constituting thiophenes end capped with biphenylyl have shown good electrical properties but lack of good optical properties. From a materials science perspective, one way to improve the properties is to modify their structure and integrate it with additional moieties. In recent years, furan moieties have proven to be a potential substitution for thiophene to improve the organic semiconductive materials properties. In the present work, we systematically substituted different proportions of furan rings in the biphenylyl/thiophene core and studied their optoelectronic properties, aiming toward organic light-emitting transistor applications. We have found that the molecular planarity plays a vital role on the optoelectronic properties of the system. The lower electronegativity of the O atom offers better optical properties in the furan-substituted systems. Further, the furan substitution significantly affects the molecular planarity, which in turn affects the system mobility. As a result, we observed drastic changes in the optoelectronic properties of two furan-substituted systems. Interestingly, addition of furan has reduced the electron mobility by one fold compared to the pristine thiophene-based derivative. Such a variation is interpreted to be due to the low average electronic coupling in furan systems. Overall, systems with all furan and one ring of furan in the center end capped with thiophene have shown better optoelectronic properties. This molecular architecture favors more planarity in the system with good electrical properties and transition dipole moments, which would both play a vital role in the construction of an organic light-emitting transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Angamuthu Praveen
- Organic Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Perumal Muthuraja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Thangavel Kanagasekaran
- Organic Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517 507, Andhra Pradesh, India
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12
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González-González RB, González LT, Madou M, Leyva-Porras C, Martinez-Chapa SO, Mendoza A. Synthesis, Purification, and Characterization of Carbon Dots from Non-Activated and Activated Pyrolytic Carbon Black. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030298. [PMID: 35159643 PMCID: PMC8838732 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, carbon dots were created from activated and non-activated pyrolytic carbon black obtained from waste tires, which were then chemically oxidized with HNO3. The effects caused to the carbon dot properties were analyzed in detail through characterization techniques such as ion chromatography; UV–visible, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy; ζ potential; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); and spectrofluorometry. The presence of functional groups on the surface of all carbon dots was revealed by UV–visible, FTIR, XPS, and Raman spectra. The higher oxidation degrees of carbon dots from activated precursors compared to those from nonactivated precursors resulted in differences in photoluminescence (PL) properties such as bathochromic shift, lower intensity, and excitation-dependent behavior. The results demonstrate that the use of an activating agent in the recovery of pyrolytic carbon black resulted in carbon dots with different PL properties. In addition, a dialysis methodology is proposed to overcome purification obstacles, finding that 360 h were required to obtain pure carbon dots synthesized by a chemical oxidation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Berenice González-González
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (R.B.G.-G.); (L.T.G.); (S.O.M.-C.)
| | - Lucy Teresa González
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (R.B.G.-G.); (L.T.G.); (S.O.M.-C.)
| | - Marc Madou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Engineering Gateway 4200, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - César Leyva-Porras
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología (Nanotech), Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Omar Martinez-Chapa
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (R.B.G.-G.); (L.T.G.); (S.O.M.-C.)
| | - Alberto Mendoza
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (R.B.G.-G.); (L.T.G.); (S.O.M.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-81-8358-2000 (ext. 5219)
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13
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Khayal A, Dawane V, Amin MA, Tirth V, Yadav VK, Algahtani A, Khan SH, Islam S, Yadav KK, Jeon BH. Advances in the Methods for the Synthesis of Carbon Dots and Their Emerging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3190. [PMID: 34578091 PMCID: PMC8469539 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutting-edge technologies are making inroads into new areas and this remarkable progress has been successfully influenced by the tiny level engineering of carbon dots technology, their synthesis advancement and impressive applications in the field of allied sciences. The advances of science and its conjugation with interdisciplinary fields emerged in carbon dots making, their controlled characterization and applications into faster, cheaper as well as more reliable products in various scientific domains. Thus, a new era in nanotechnology has developed into carbon dots technology. The understanding of the generation process, control on making processes and selected applications of carbon dots such as energy storage, environmental monitoring, catalysis, contaminates detections and complex environmental forensics, drug delivery, drug targeting and other biomedical applications, etc., are among the most promising applications of carbon dots and thus it is a prominent area of research today. In this regard, various types of carbon dot nanomaterials such as oxides, their composites and conjugations, etc., have been garnering significant attention due to their remarkable potential in this prominent area of energy, the environment and technology. Thus, the present paper highlights the role and importance of carbon dots, recent advancements in their synthesis methods, properties and emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Khayal
- Industrial Chemistry Section, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Vinars Dawane
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India;
| | - Mohammed A. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia or (V.T.); (A.A.)
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University Guraiger, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali Algahtani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia or (V.T.); (A.A.)
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University Guraiger, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samreen Heena Khan
- Centre of Research and Development, YNC ENVIS PRIVATE LIMITED, New Delhi 110059, India;
| | - Saiful Islam
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad 462044, India;
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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14
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Preparation of Multifunctional N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots from Citrus clementina Peel: Investigating Targeted Pharmacological Activities and the Potential Application for Fe 3+ Sensing. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090857. [PMID: 34577557 PMCID: PMC8465261 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have recently emerged as innovative theranostic nanomaterials, enabling fast and effective diagnosis and treatment. In this study, a facile hydrothermal approach for N-doped biomass-derived CQDs preparation from Citrus clementina peel and amino acids glycine (Gly) and arginine (Arg) has been presented. The gradual increase in the N-dopant (amino acids) nitrogen content increased the quantum yield of synthesized CQDs. The prepared CQDs exhibited good biocompatibility, stability in aqueous, and high ionic strength media, similar optical properties, while differences were observed regarding the structural and chemical diversity, and biological and antioxidant activity. The antiproliferative effect of CQD@Gly against pancreatic cancer cell lines (CFPAC-1) was observed. At the same time, CQD@Arg has demonstrated the highest quantum yield and antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging radical method of 81.39 ± 0.39% and has been further used for the ion sensing and cellular imaging of cancer cells. The obtained results have demonstrated selective response toward Fe3+ detection, with linear response ranging from 7.0 µmol dm−3 to 50.0 µmol dm−3 with R2 = 0.9931 and limit of detection (LOD) of 4.57 ± 0.27 µmol dm−3. This research could be a good example of sustainable biomass waste utilization with potential for biomedical analysis and ion sensing applications.
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15
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Yakimov BP, Rubekina AA, Budylin GS, Zherebker AY, Kompanets VO, Chekalin SV, Vainer YG, Fadeev VV, Gorbunov MY, Perminova IV, Shirshin EA. Ultrafast Energy Transfer Determines the Formation of Fluorescence in DOM and Humic Substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10365-10377. [PMID: 34260209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humification is a ubiquitous natural process of biomass degradation that creates multicomponent systems of nonliving organic matter, including dissolved organic matter (DOM) and humic substances (HS) in water environments, soils, and organic rocks. Despite significant differences in molecular composition, the optical properties of DOM and HS are remarkably similar, and the reason for this remains largely unknown. Here, we employed fluorescence spectroscopy with (sub)picosecond resolution to elucidate the role of electronic interactions within DOM and HS. We revealed an ultrafast decay component with a characteristic decay lifetime of 0.5-1.5 ps and spectral diffusion originating from excitation energy transfer (EET) in the system. The rate of EET was positively correlated to the fraction of aromatic species and tightness of aromatic species packing. Diminishing the number of EET donor-acceptor pairs by reduction with NaBH4 (decrease of the acceptor number), decrease of pH (decrease of the electron-donating ability), or decrease of the average particle size by filtration (less donor-acceptor pairs within a particle) resulted in a lower impact of the ultrafast component on fluorescence decay. Our results uncover the role of electronic coupling among fluorophores in the formation of DOM and HS optical properties and provide a framework for studying photophysical processes in heterogeneous systems of natural fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P Yakimov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street, 8-2, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Rubekina
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb S Budylin
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Y Zherebker
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel Street, Skolkovo, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor O Kompanets
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Chekalin
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri G Vainer
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V Fadeev
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Y Gorbunov
- Environmental Biology and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 57 US Highway 1, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8554, United States
| | - Irina V Perminova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street, 8-2, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Jauja-Ccana V, Cordova-Huaman AV, Feliciano GT, La Rosa-Toro Gómez A. Experimental and molecular dynamics study of graphene oxide quantum dots interaction with solvents and its aggregation mechanism. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Chung S, Zhang M. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Carbon Dot - Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Imaging and Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:711534. [PMID: 34295883 PMCID: PMC8290417 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.711534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is commonly used to image specific parts of a biological system, and is applicable for early diagnosis of cancer. Current fluorescent probes, such as organic dyes and quantum dots, suffer from poor solubility and high toxicity, respectively, demonstrating a need for a colloidal stable and non-toxic fluorescent probe. Here we present an iron oxide and carbon dot (CD) based nanoparticle (CNPCP) that displays optical properties similar to those of conventional fluorescent probe and also exhibits good biocompatibility. Fluorescent CDs were synthesized from glucosamine onto chitosan - polyethylene glycol (PEG) graft copolymer using microwave irradiation. These NPs were monodispersed in aqueous environments and displayed excitation-dependent fluorescence; they demonstrated good size stability and fluorescence intensity in biological media. In vitro evaluation of CNP as fluorescent probes in cancer cell lines showed that these NPs caused little toxicity, and allowed fast and quantitative imaging. Model therapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) was conjugated onto the NPs (CNPCP-DOX) to demonstrate the multifunctionality of the NPs, and in vitro studies showed that CNPCP-DOX was able to kill cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. These results indicate the potential of using CNPCPs as fluorescent probes capable of delivering chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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18
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Zhao Y, Ou C, Yu J, Zhang Y, Song H, Zhai Y, Tang Z, Lu S. Facile Synthesis of Water-Stable Multicolor Carbonized Polymer Dots from a Single Unconjugated Glucose for Engineering White Light-Emitting Diodes with a High Color Rendering Index. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30098-30105. [PMID: 34143601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tunable emission carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) are highly desirable for the preparation of optoelectronic devices, especially white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). In most available studies, polychromatic CPDs are synthesized using aromatic molecules as precursors. However, few studies report the successful synthesis of polychromatic CPDs using two or more unconjugated precursors. In this work, we prepare multicolor fluorescent CPDs from a single unconjugated precursor, glucose, via a hydrothermal reaction. By controlling the particle size and degree of graphitization of the synthesized CPDs, their emission wavelength can be tuned in the range 440-625 nm (i.e., almost the entire visible region). Furthermore, the CPDs can be used to construct LEDs of varying colors, including WLEDs (CIE coordinates: 0.34, 0.36) with the correlated color temperature and color rendering index of 4997 K and 92.69, respectively. In brief, the strategy proposed in this study successfully converts unconjugated glucose into high-performance LEDs with great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cailing Ou
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yunpu Zhai
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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19
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Thongam DD, Chaturvedi H. Advances in nanomaterials for heterogeneous photocatalysis. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abeb8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Photocatalysis method for environmental applications has been using for a long time. This review article traces back the origin of catalysis, its classification and journey of development to heterogeneous photocatalysis and the article’s novelty is in the simplicity, and easily understandable language, designed for the beginners. These heterogeneous photocatalysts are grouped into eleven different categories. As the paper is focused on photocatalysis, an insight on fundamental principles and mechanisms of photocatalysis are explained systematically with schematic illustrations and reactions that take place during redox- oxidation and reduction reactions in photocatalysis. With an approach towards utilizing green energy and expanding the photocatalyst’ absorption wavelength range towards the visible regime, bandgap engineering techniques by adopting doping and hetero-structures are explained with examples of different materials. In addition, dominating factors of photocatalysis reaction viz. composition of a heterogeneous photocatalyst, doping, hetero-structures, pH, surface defects on photocatalysis reaction are explored, focussing on variable charge transfer mechanisms. The main influencing factor in generating reactive oxygen species is pH of the photocatalysis reaction and are studied indetail. The effect of alkalinity or acidity in catalyst surfaces and molecular interaction depending upon the point zero charges of the photocatalyst are discussed. For the better study of catalyst properties, careful analysis and study is a much-needed field as a scope for further improvement. Hence, this article will guide a beginner to understand the photocatalysis topic with ease.
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20
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Angelsky OV, Zenkova CY, Hanson SG, Ivansky DI, Tkachuk VM, Zheng J. Random object optical field diagnostics by using carbon nanoparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:916-928. [PMID: 33726317 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new approach of using carbon nanoparticles for correlation optical diagnostics of а complex scalar optical field created by scattering and diffraction of radiation off a rough surface. This surface is simulated and we generate a diffraction pattern of the amplitude and phase distribution in the far field. Carbon nanoparticles of a certain size and concentration are obtained by the bottom-up methods of hydrothermal synthesis of citric acid and urea followed by centrifugation. The optical properties of carbon nanoparticles, such as luminescence and absorption in the visible spectrum that essentially differs for different wavelengths, as well as particle size of about dozen nanometers, are the determining criteria for using these particles as probes for the optical speckle field. Luminescence made it possible to register the coordinate position of carbon nanoparticles in real time. The algorithm for reconstruction of the scalar optical field intensity distribution through the analysis of the nanoparticle positions is here displayed. The skeleton of the optical speckle field is analyzed by Hilbert transform to restore the phase. Special attention is paid to the restoration of the speckle field's phase singularities.
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21
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A Review on Graphene’s Light Stabilizing Effects for Reduced Photodegradation of Polymers. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, the newest member of the carbon’s family, has proven its efficiency in improving polymers’ resistance against photodegradation, even at low loadings equal to 1 wt% or lower. This protective role involves a multitude of complementary mechanisms associated with graphene’s unique geometry and chemistry. In this review, these mechanisms, taking place during both the initiation and propagation steps of photodegradation, are discussed concerning graphene and graphene derivatives, i.e., graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In particular, graphene displays important UV absorption, free radical scavenging, and quenching capabilities thanks to the abundant π-bonds and sp2 carbon sites in its hexagonal lattice structure. The free radical scavenging effect is also partially linked with functional hydroxyl groups on the surface. However, the sp2 sites remain the predominant player, which makes graphene’s antioxidant effect potentially stronger than rGO and GO. Besides, UV screening and oxygen barriers are active protective mechanisms attributed to graphene’s high surface area and 2D geometry. Moreover, the way that graphene, as a nucleating agent, can improve the photostability of polymers, have been explored as well. These include the potential effect of graphene on increasing polymer’s glass transition temperature and crystallinity.
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22
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Stepanidenko EA, Khavlyuk PD, Arefina IA, Cherevkov SA, Xiong Y, Döring A, Varygin GV, Kurdyukov DA, Eurov DA, Golubev VG, Masharin MA, Baranov AV, Fedorov AV, Ushakova EV, Rogach AL. Strongly Luminescent Composites Based on Carbon Dots Embedded in a Nanoporous Silicate Glass. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061063. [PMID: 32486299 PMCID: PMC7352239 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent composites based on entirely non-toxic, environmentally friendly compounds are in high demand for a variety of applications in photonics and optoelectronics. Carbon dots are a recently developed kind of luminescent nanomaterial that is eco-friendly, biocompatible, easy-to-obtain, and inexpensive, with a stable and widely tunable emission. Herein, we introduce luminescent composites based on carbon dots of different chemical compositions and with different functional groups at the surface which were embedded in a nanoporous silicate glass. The structure and optical properties of these composites were comprehensively examined using electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared transmission, UV-Vis absorption, and steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence. It is shown that the silicate matrix efficiently preserved, and even enhanced the emission of different kinds of carbon dots tested. The photoluminescence quantum yield of the fabricated nanocomposite materials reached 35–40%, which is comparable to or even exceeds the values for carbon dots in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia A. Stepanidenko
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr., 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (P.D.K.); (I.A.A.); (S.A.C.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Pavel D. Khavlyuk
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr., 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (P.D.K.); (I.A.A.); (S.A.C.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Irina A. Arefina
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr., 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (P.D.K.); (I.A.A.); (S.A.C.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Sergei A. Cherevkov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr., 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (P.D.K.); (I.A.A.); (S.A.C.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (Y.X.); (A.D.)
| | - Aaron Döring
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (Y.X.); (A.D.)
| | - Georgii V. Varygin
- Interdisciplinary Resource Center for Nanotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry A. Kurdyukov
- Laboratory of Amorphous Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya Str., 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.K.); (D.A.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Daniil A. Eurov
- Laboratory of Amorphous Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya Str., 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.K.); (D.A.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Valery G. Golubev
- Laboratory of Amorphous Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya Str., 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.A.K.); (D.A.E.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Mikhail A. Masharin
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr., 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Alexander V. Baranov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr., 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (P.D.K.); (I.A.A.); (S.A.C.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Anatoly V. Fedorov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr., 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (P.D.K.); (I.A.A.); (S.A.C.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.L.R.)
| | - Elena V. Ushakova
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr., 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (P.D.K.); (I.A.A.); (S.A.C.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.L.R.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (Y.X.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrey L. Rogach
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr., 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.A.S.); (P.D.K.); (I.A.A.); (S.A.C.); (A.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.L.R.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (Y.X.); (A.D.)
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Gabovich AM, Li MS, Szymczak H, Voitenko AI. Electric dipole image forces in three-layer systems: The classical electrostatic model. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:094705. [PMID: 33480708 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
General exact analytical expressions have been derived for the image force energy Wi(Z, φ) of a point dipole in a classical three-layer system composed of dispersionless media with arbitrary constant dielectric permittivities εi. Here, i = 1-3 is the layer number, and Z and φ are the dipole coordinate and orientation angle, respectively. It was found that the long-range asymptotics Wi(Z→∞,φ) in both covers (i = 1, 3) are reached unexpectedly far from the interlayer (i = 2). Another specific feature of the solution consists in that the interference of the fields created by polarization charges emerging at both interfaces leads to the appearance of a constant contribution inside the interlayer with a non-standard dependence on the dipole orientation angle φ. It was shown that by changing the dielectric constants of the structure components, one can realize two peculiar regimes of the Wi(Z, φ) behavior in the covers; namely, there arises either a potential barrier preventing adsorption or a well far from the interface, both being of a totally electrostatic origin, i.e., without involving the Pauli exchange repulsion, which is taken into account in the conventional theories of physical adsorption. The results obtained provide a fresh insight into the physics of adsorption in physical electronics, chemical physics, and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Gabovich
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46 Nauky Ave., Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 32/46 Al. Lotników, Warsaw PL-02-668, Poland
| | - Henryk Szymczak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 32/46 Al. Lotników, Warsaw PL-02-668, Poland
| | - Alexander I Voitenko
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46 Nauky Ave., Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
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