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Taylor J, Dubois F, Bergot E, Levallet G. Targeting the Hippo pathway to prevent radioresistance brain metastases from the lung (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:68. [PMID: 38785155 PMCID: PMC11155713 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a cancer type which represents 85% of all lung cancers, is poor with a 5‑year survival rate of 19%, mainly because NSCLC is diagnosed at an advanced and metastatic stage. Despite recent therapeutic advancements, ~50% of patients with NSCLC will develop brain metastases (BMs). Either surgical BM treatment alone for symptomatic patients and patients with single cerebral metastases, or in combination with stereotactic radiotherapy (RT) for patients who are not suitable for surgery or presenting with fewer than four cerebral lesions with a diameter range of 5‑30 mm, or whole‑brain RT for numerous or large BMs can be administered. However, radioresistance (RR) invariably prevents the action of RT. Several mechanisms of RR have been described including hypoxia, cellular stress, presence of cancer stem cells, dysregulation of apoptosis and/or autophagy, dysregulation of the cell cycle, changes in cellular metabolism, epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition, overexpression of programmed cell death‑ligand 1 and activation several signaling pathways; however, the role of the Hippo signaling pathway in RR is unclear. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway in NSCLC confers metastatic properties, and inhibitors targeting this pathway are currently in development. It is therefore essential to evaluate the effect of inhibiting the Hippo pathway, particularly the effector yes‑associated protein‑1, on cerebral metastases originating from lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Taylor
- University of Caen Normandy, National Center for Scientific Research, Normandy University, Unit of Imaging and Therapeutic Strategies for Cancers and Cerebral Tissues (ISTCT)-UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
| | - Fatéméh Dubois
- University of Caen Normandy, National Center for Scientific Research, Normandy University, Unit of Imaging and Therapeutic Strategies for Cancers and Cerebral Tissues (ISTCT)-UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
- Departments of Pathology, and Thoracic Oncology, Caen University Hospital, F-14033 Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- University of Caen Normandy, National Center for Scientific Research, Normandy University, Unit of Imaging and Therapeutic Strategies for Cancers and Cerebral Tissues (ISTCT)-UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
- Departments of Pneumology and Thoracic Oncology, Caen University Hospital, F-14033 Caen, France
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- University of Caen Normandy, National Center for Scientific Research, Normandy University, Unit of Imaging and Therapeutic Strategies for Cancers and Cerebral Tissues (ISTCT)-UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
- Departments of Pathology, and Thoracic Oncology, Caen University Hospital, F-14033 Caen, France
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Korns J, Liu X, Takiar V. A review of Plks: Thinking outside the (polo) box. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:254-263. [PMID: 35049091 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The polo-like kinase (Plk) family is comprised of five different members (Plk1-5), each with their own distinct functions. Plk family members participate in pivotal cell division processes as well as in non-mitotic roles. Importantly, Plk expression has been correlated with various disease states, including cancer. Multiples therapies, which primarily target Plk1, are currently being investigated alone or in combination with other agents for clinical use in different cancers. As the role of Plks in disease progression becomes more prominent, it is important to outline their functions as cell cycle regulators and more. This review summarizes the structure and both mitotic and non-mitotic functions of each of the five Plk family members, sequentially. Additionally, the proposed mechanisms for how Plks contribute to tumorigenesis and the therapeutics currently under investigation are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Korns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnat, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnat, Ohio, USA.,Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Toy HI, Karakülah G, Kontou PI, Alotaibi H, Georgakilas AG, Pavlopoulou A. Investigating Molecular Determinants of Cancer Cell Resistance to Ionizing Radiation Through an Integrative Bioinformatics Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:620248. [PMID: 33898418 PMCID: PMC8058375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.620248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eradication of cancer cells through exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is a widely used therapeutic strategy in the clinical setting. However, in many cases, cancer cells can develop remarkable resistance to radiation. Radioresistance represents a prominent obstacle in the effective treatment of cancer. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and pathways related to radioresistance in cancer cells is of paramount importance. In the present study, an integrative bioinformatics approach was applied to three publicly available RNA sequencing and microarray transcriptome datasets of human cancer cells of different tissue origins treated with ionizing radiation. These data were investigated in order to identify genes with a significantly altered expression between radioresistant and corresponding radiosensitive cancer cells. Through rigorous statistical and biological analyses, 36 genes were identified as potential biomarkers of radioresistance. These genes, which are primarily implicated in DNA damage repair, oxidative stress, cell pro-survival, and apoptotic pathways, could serve as potential diagnostic/prognostic markers cancer cell resistance to radiation treatment, as well as for therapy outcome and cancer patient survival. In addition, our findings could be potentially utilized in the laboratory and clinical setting for enhancing cancer cell susceptibility to radiation therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ibrahim Toy
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Panagiota I Kontou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Hani Alotaibi
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Zografou, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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Drug Resistance and Novel Therapies in Cancers in 2019. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040924. [PMID: 33672119 PMCID: PMC7926476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Fan Q, Liu Y, Cui G, Zhong Z, Deng C. Brain delivery of Plk1 inhibitor via chimaeric polypeptide polymersomes for safe and superb treatment of orthotopic glioblastoma. J Control Release 2020; 329:1139-1149. [PMID: 33131697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemotherapy toward glioblastoma (GBM) is severely challenged by blood-brain barrier and dose-limiting toxicity. Herein, we adopt brain delivery of Plk1 inhibitor volasertib (Vol), which is highly specific and presents low off-target toxicity, as a new means to treat GBM, for which angiopep-2-docked chimaeric polypeptide polymersome (ANG-CPP) was designed and prepared from poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-tyrosine)-b-poly(L-aspartic acid) for loading Vol to its watery interior via electrostatic interactions. ANG-CPP loaded with 13.9 wt% Vol (ANG-CPP-Vol) exhibited a small size of about 76 nm, superb colloidal stability (against dilution, serum and long-term storage), and enzyme-triggered drug release behavior (about 73% of Vol released within 8 h with proteinase K). In sharp contrast to free Vol, ANG-CPP-Vol induced complete G2/M cell cycle arrest in U-87 MG GBM cells giving 7.8-times better anti-tumor activity, prolonged circulation time and largely increased GBM enrichment. ANG-CPP-Vol effectively suppressed the growth of orthotopic U-87 MG GBM and significantly boosted mice survival rate. Importantly, ANG-CPP-Vol showed further reduced toxicity over free Vol. This great safety and remarkable efficacy of ANG-CPP-Vol renders it a high potential for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Fan
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guanhong Cui
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Zeng Y, Li N, Liu W, Zeng M, Cheng J, Huang J. Analyses of expressions and prognostic values of Polo-like kinases in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2447-2460. [PMID: 32627077 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite great advances in its early diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer is still an intractable disease and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and morbidity in the world. The family of Polo-like kinases (PLKs) consists of five serine/threonine kinases, which have been reported to participate in various human diseases. However, the expression and prognostic value of each PLK in human lung cancer have not been fully understood. This study analyzed mRNA expression and prognostic value of different PLKs in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS First, mRNA expression of PLKs in patients with NSCLC from the Oncomine and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was investigated. Then, a Kaplan-Meier plotter was employed for survival analysis. The sequence alteration for PLKs was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the cBioPortal database. Additionally, we analyzed the association among different PLKs using the LinkedOmics database. Finally, the enrichment analysis of PLKs was achieved using the DAVID database. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of PLK1 and PLK4 were significantly overexpressed, while mRNA expression level of PLK3 was underexpressed in patients with NSCLC. mRNA expressions of PLK1 and PLK4 were significantly and positively related to the tumor stage of NSCLC. Increased expressions of PLK1, PLK4, and PLK5 and decreased expression of PLK2 were attributed to limited overall survival time in NSCLC. PLK1 was positively correlated with PLK4 via the LinkedOmics database. CONCLUSIONS PLKs are relevant targets for NSCLC treatment, especially PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanhong Li
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 57# Renmin avenue South, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Liu
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Zeng
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfen Cheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 57# Renmin avenue South, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Zhao ZG, Luo Y, Cui H, Wang HY, Jia YF, Gao YT. Dual targeting of Polo-like kinase 1 and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 in TP53-mutated hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4786-4801. [PMID: 32921957 PMCID: PMC7459198 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i32.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), often diagnosed at advanced stages without curative therapies, is the fifth most common malignant cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is activated in the late G2 phase of the cell cycle and is required for entry to mitosis. Interestingly, PLK1 is overexpressed in many HCC patients and is highly associated with poor clinical outcome. Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) is also highly overexpressed in HCC and plays key roles in this malignancy. AIM To determine the expression patterns of PLK1 and BIRC5, as well as their correlation with p53 mutation status and patient clinical outcome. METHODS The expression patterns of PLK1 and BIRC5, and their correlation with p53 mutation status or patient clinical outcome were analyzed using a TCGA HCC dataset. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest assays were conducted to investigate the efficacy of the PLK1 inhibitors volasertib and GSK461364 and the BIRC5 inhibitor YM155, alone or in combination. The in vivo efficacy of volasertib and YM155, alone or in combination, was assessed in p53-mutated Huh7-derived xenograft models in immune-deficient NSIG mice. RESULTS Our bioinformatics analysis using a TCGA HCC dataset revealed that PLK1 and BIRC5 were overexpressed in the same patient subset and their expression was highly correlated. The overexpression of both PLK1 and BIRC5 was more frequently detected in HCC with p53 mutations. High PLK1 or BIRC5 expression significantly correlated with poor clinical outcome. PLK1 inhibitors (volasertib and GSK461364) or a BIRC5 inhibitor (YM155) selectively targeted Huh7 cells with mutated p53, but not HepG2 cells with wild-type p53. The combination treatment of volasertib and YM155 synergistically inhibited the viability of Huh7 cells via apoptotic pathway. The efficacy of volasertib and YM155, alone or in combination, was validated in vivo in a Huh7-derived xenograft model. CONCLUSION PLK1 and BIRC5 are highly co-expressed in p53-mutated HCC and inhibition of both PLK1 and BIRC5 synergistically compromises the viability of p53-mutated HCC cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yin Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yan-Fang Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Third Center Clinical College, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Ying-Tang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
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