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Jane Vellan C, Islam T, de Silva S, Aishah Mohd Taib N, Prasanna G, Jacqueline Jayapalan J. Exploring novel protein-based biomarkers for advancing breast cancer diagnosis: A review. Clin Biochem 2024:110776. [PMID: 38823558 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a contemporary examination of the evolving landscape of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, focusing on the pivotal role of novel protein-based biomarkers. The overview begins by elucidating the multifaceted nature of BC, exploring its prevalence, subtypes, and clinical complexities. A critical emphasis is placed on the transformative impact of proteomics, dissecting the proteome to unravel the molecular intricacies of BC. Navigating through various sources of samples crucial for biomarker investigations, the review underscores the significance of robust sample processing methods and their validation in ensuring reliable outcomes. The central theme of the review revolves around the identification and evaluation of novel protein-based biomarkers. Cutting-edge discoveries are summarised, shedding light on emerging biomarkers poised for clinical application. Nevertheless, the review candidly addresses the challenges inherent in biomarker discovery, including issues of standardisation, reproducibility, and the complex heterogeneity of BC. The future direction section envisions innovative strategies and technologies to overcome existing challenges. In conclusion, the review summarises the current state of BC biomarker research, offering insights into the intricacies of proteomic investigations. As precision medicine gains momentum, the integration of novel protein-based biomarkers emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing the accuracy and efficacy of BC diagnosis. This review serves as a compass for researchers and clinicians navigating the evolving landscape of BC biomarker discovery, guiding them toward transformative advancements in diagnostic precision and personalised patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jane Vellan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tania Islam
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sumadhi de Silva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Galhenna Prasanna
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Xu Y, Benedikt J, Ye L. Hyaluronic Acid Interacting Molecules Mediated Crosstalk between Cancer Cells and Microenvironment from Primary Tumour to Distant Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1907. [PMID: 38791985 PMCID: PMC11119954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a prominent component of the extracellular matrix, and its interactions with HA-interacting molecules (HAIMs) play a critical role in cancer development and disease progression. This review explores the multifaceted role of HAIMs in the context of cancer, focusing on their influence on disease progression by dissecting relevant cellular and molecular mechanisms in tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. Cancer progression can be profoundly affected by the interactions between HA and HAIMs. They modulate critical processes such as cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation. The TME serves as a dynamic platform in which HAIMs contribute to the formation of a unique niche. The resulting changes in HA composition profoundly influence the biophysical properties of the TME. These modifications in the TME, in conjunction with HAIMs, impact angiogenesis, immune cell recruitment, and immune evasion. Therefore, understanding the intricate interplay between HAIMs and HA within the cancer context is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting these interactions offers promising avenues for cancer treatment, as they hold the potential to disrupt critical aspects of disease progression and the TME. Further research in this field is imperative for advancing our knowledge and the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Xu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;
| | | | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
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Anwar MA, Keshteli AH, Yang H, Wang W, Li X, Messier HM, Cullis PR, Borchers CH, Fraser R, Wishart DS. Blood-Based Multiomics-Guided Detection of a Precancerous Pancreatic Tumor. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:182-192. [PMID: 38634790 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Over a decade ago, longitudinal multiomics analysis was pioneered for early disease detection and individually tailored precision health interventions. However, high sample processing costs, expansive multiomics measurements along with complex data analysis have made this approach to precision/personalized medicine impractical. Here we describe in a case report, a more practical approach that uses fewer measurements, annual sampling, and faster decision making. We also show how this approach offers promise to detect an exceedingly rare and potentially fatal condition before it fully manifests. Specifically, we describe in the present case report how longitudinal multiomics monitoring (LMOM) helped detect a precancerous pancreatic tumor and led to a successful surgical intervention. The patient, enrolled in an annual blood-based LMOM since 2018, had dramatic changes in the June 2021 and 2022 annual metabolomics and proteomics results that prompted further clinical diagnostic testing for pancreatic cancer. Using abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, a 2.6 cm lesion in the tail of the patient's pancreas was detected. The tumor fluid from an aspiration biopsy had 10,000 times that of normal carcinoembryonic antigen levels. After the tumor was surgically resected, histopathological findings confirmed it was a precancerous pancreatic tumor. Postoperative omics testing indicated that most metabolite and protein levels returned to patient's 2018 levels. This case report illustrates the potentials of blood LMOM for precision/personalized medicine, and new ways of thinking medical innovation for a potentially life-saving early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Blood LMOM warrants future programmatic translational research with the goals of precision medicine, and individually tailored cancer diagnoses and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haiyan Yang
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Windy Wang
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xukun Li
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Helen M Messier
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Fountain Life, Naples, Florida, USA
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Life Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Fraser
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David S Wishart
- Molecular You Corporation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kollerits B, Gruber S, Steinbrenner I, Schwaiger JP, Weissensteiner H, Schönherr S, Forer L, Kotsis F, Schultheiss UT, Meiselbach H, Wanner C, Eckardt KU, Kronenberg F. Apolipoprotein A-IV concentrations and cancer in a large cohort of chronic kidney disease patients: results from the GCKD study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:320. [PMID: 38454416 PMCID: PMC10921727 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly connected to inflammation and oxidative stress. Both favour the development of cancer in CKD patients. Serum apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) concentrations are influenced by kidney function and are an early marker of kidney impairment. Besides others, it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Proteomic studies and small case-control studies identified low apoA-IV as a biomarker for various forms of cancer; however, prospective studies are lacking. We therefore investigated whether serum apoA-IV is associated with cancer in the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study. METHODS These analyses include 5039 Caucasian patients from the prospective GCKD cohort study followed for 6.5 years. Main inclusion criteria were an eGFR of 30-60 mL/min/1.73m2 or an eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73m2 in the presence of overt proteinuria. RESULTS Mean apoA-IV concentrations of the entire cohort were 28.9 ± 9.8 mg/dL (median 27.6 mg/dL). 615 patients had a history of cancer before the enrolment into the study. ApoA-IV concentrations above the median were associated with a lower odds for a history of cancer (OR = 0.79, p = 0.02 when adjusted age, sex, smoking, diabetes, BMI, albuminuria, statin intake, and eGFRcreatinine). During follow-up 368 patients developed an incident cancer event and those with apoA-IV above the median had a lower risk (HR = 0.72, 95%CI 0.57-0.90, P = 0.004). Finally, 62 patients died from such an incident cancer event and each 10 mg/dL higher apoA-IV concentrations were associated with a lower risk for fatal cancer (HR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.44-0.88, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate an association of high apoA-IV concentrations with reduced frequencies of a history of cancer as well as incident fatal and non-fatal cancer events in a large cohort of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kollerits
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Simon Gruber
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Inga Steinbrenner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes P Schwaiger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Hansi Weissensteiner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Fruzsina Kotsis
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV - Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulla T Schultheiss
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV - Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike Meiselbach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
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Wang S, Hao X, Dai L, Lou N, Fan G, Gao R, Yang M, Xing P, Liu Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Yao J, Tang L, Shi Y, Han X. Longitudinal plasma proteomic profiling of EML4-ALK positive lung cancer receiving ALK-TKIs therapy. Lung Cancer 2024; 189:107503. [PMID: 38359741 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic effects in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Identifying prognostic biomarkers can enhance the clinical efficacy of relapsed or refractory patients. METHODS We profiled 737 plasma proteins from 159 pre-treatment and on-treatment plasma samples of 63 ALK-positive NSCLC patients using data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). The consensus clustering algorithm was used to identify subtypes with distinct biological features. A plasma-based prognostic model was constructed using the LASSO-Cox method. We performed the Mfuzz analysis to classify the patterns of longitudinal changes in plasma proteins during treatment. 52 baseline plasma samples from another independent ALK-TKI treatment cohort were collected to validate the potential prognostic markers using ELISA. RESULTS We identified three subtypes of ALK-positive NSCLC with distinct biological features and clinical efficacy. Patients in subgroup 1 exhibited activated humoral immunity and inflammatory responses, increased expression of positive acute-phase response proteins, and the worst prognosis. Then we constructed and verified a prognostic model that predicts the efficacy of ALK-TKI therapy using the expression levels of five plasma proteins (SERPINA4, ATRN, APOA4, TF, and MYOC) at baseline. Next, we explored the longitudinal changes in plasma protein expression during treatment and identified four distinct change patterns (Clusters 1-4). The longitudinal changes of acute-phase proteins during treatment can reflect the treatment status and tumor progression of patients. Finally, we validated the prognostic efficacy of baseline plasma CRP, SAA1, AHSG, SERPINA4, and TF in another independent NSCLC cohort undergoing ALK-TKI treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the search for prognostic and drug-resistance biomarkers in plasma samples for ALK-TKI therapy and provides new insights into the mechanism of drug resistance and the selection of follow-up treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xuezhi Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Liyuan Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ning Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guangyu Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ruyun Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mengwei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Puyuan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhishang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiarui Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Le Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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Bhasin N, Dabra P, Senavirathna L, Pan S, Chen R. Inhibition of TRAP1 Accelerates the DNA Damage Response, Activation of the Heat Shock Response and Metabolic Reprogramming in Colon Cancer Cells. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:227. [PMID: 37796715 PMCID: PMC10727129 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2809227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in CRC development, progression and metastasis. Oxidative stress in the colon is a major etiological factor impacting tumor progression. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) is a mitochondrial member of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) family that is involved in modulating apoptosis in colon cancer cells under oxidative stress. We undertook this study to provide mechanistic insight into the role of TRAP1 under oxidative stress in colon cells. METHODS We first assessed the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CRC gene expression dataset to evaluate the expression of TRAP1 and its association with oxidative stress and disease progression. We then treated colon HCT116 cells with hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress and with the TRAP1 inhibitor gamitrinib-triphenylphosphonium (GTPP) to inhibit TRAP1. We examined the cellular proteomic landscape using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in this context compared to controls. We further examined the impact of treatment on DNA damage and cell survival. RESULTS TRAP1 expression under oxidative stress is associated with the disease outcomes of colorectal cancer. TRAP1 inhibition under oxidative stress induced metabolic reprogramming and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-dependent transactivation. In addition, we also observed enhanced induction of DNA damage and cell death in the cells under oxidative stress and TRAP1 inhibition in comparison to single treatments and the nontreatment control. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into TRAP1-driven metabolic reprogramming in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobel Bhasin
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Prerna Dabra
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lakmini Senavirathna
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sheng Pan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ru Chen
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Marin AM, Batista M, Korte de Azevedo AL, Bombardelli Gomig TH, Soares Caldeira Brant R, Chammas R, Uno M, Dias Araújo D, Zanette DL, Nóbrega Aoki M. Screening of Exosome-Derived Proteins and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Diagnostic and Prognostic for Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12604. [PMID: 37628784 PMCID: PMC10454563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the oncological area, pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal diseases, with 5-year survival rising just 10% in high-development countries. This disease is genetically characterized by KRAS as a driven mutation followed by SMAD4, CDKN2, and TP53-associated mutations. In clinical aspects, pancreatic cancer presents unspecific clinical symptoms with the absence of screening and early plasmatic biomarker, being that CA19-9 is the unique plasmatic biomarker having specificity and sensitivity limitations. We analyzed the plasmatic exosome proteomic profile of 23 patients with pancreatic cancer and 10 healthy controls by using Nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (NanoLC-MS/MS). The pancreatic cancer patients were subdivided into IPMN and PDAC. Our findings show 33, 34, and 7 differentially expressed proteins when comparing the IPMN vs. control, PDAC-No treatment vs. control, and PDAC-No treatment vs. IPMN groups, highlighting proteins of the complement system and coagulation, such as C3, APOB, and SERPINA. Additionally, PDAC with no treatment showed 11 differentially expressed proteins when compared to Folfirinox neoadjuvant therapy or Gemcitabine adjuvant therapy. So here, we found plasmatic exosome-derived differentially expressed proteins among cancer patients (IPMN, PDAC) when comparing with healthy controls, which could represent alternative biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation, supporting further scientific and clinical studies on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelis Maria Marin
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.Z.)
| | - Michel Batista
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.Z.)
- Mass Spectrometry Facility RPT02H, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luiz Korte de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Genetic Department, University of Parana State (UFPR), Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil; (A.L.K.d.A.); (T.H.B.G.)
| | - Talita Helen Bombardelli Gomig
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Genetic Department, University of Parana State (UFPR), Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil; (A.L.K.d.A.); (T.H.B.G.)
| | - Rodrigo Soares Caldeira Brant
- Mass Spectrometry Facility RPT02H, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology (C2PO), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (R.C.); (M.U.); (D.D.A.)
| | - Miyuki Uno
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology (C2PO), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (R.C.); (M.U.); (D.D.A.)
| | - Diogo Dias Araújo
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology (C2PO), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (R.C.); (M.U.); (D.D.A.)
| | - Dalila Luciola Zanette
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.Z.)
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil; (A.M.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.Z.)
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Wang Y, Bi X, Luo Z, Wang H, Ismtula D, Guo C. Gelsolin: A comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of potential prognosis, diagnostic, and immune biomarkers. Front Genet 2023; 14:1093163. [PMID: 37035750 PMCID: PMC10076574 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1093163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gelsolin (GSN), a calcium-regulated actin-binding protein, is out of balance in various cancers. It can mediate cytoskeletal remodeling and regulate epithelial-mesenchymal conversion (EMT), but the studies on GSN function in pan-cancer are limited. Methods: We studied the transcription level, prognostic impact, diagnostic value, genetic, epigenetic modification, methylation level and immune significance of GSN in pan-cancer to fully comprehend the function of GSN in various malignancies based on multiple databases like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Results: Pan-cancer research showed that GSN was downregulated in most tumors and expressed differently in immunological and molecular subtypes of many cancers. GSN had varying impacts on the prognosis of various tumor types. However, all had moderate to high diagnostic efficiency, and serum GSN had good diagnostic value in breast cancer patients (AUC = 0.947). Moreover, GSN was a distinguishing prognosis factor for some specific cancer types. The GSN protein was hypophosphorylated, and its promoter was hypermethylated in most cancers. GSN was linked to the infiltration level of several immunity cells and was essential in anti-tumor immune cell infiltration. KEGG and GSEA analyses showed that GSN was vital in the functions and proteoglycans processes in cancer, chemokine signaling pathway and other immune-related pathways, DNA methylation and cell cycle. Discussion: In conclusion, GSN possesses the ability to be a predictive, diagnostic, and immune indicator in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dilimulati Ismtula
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Dilimulati Ismtula, ; Chenming Guo,
| | - Chenming Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Center of Digestive and Vascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Dilimulati Ismtula, ; Chenming Guo,
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9
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Liu Y, Shi L, Yuan C, Feng Y, Li M, Liu H, Chen X, Yao D, Wang Q. Downregulation of ITIH3 contributes to cisplatin-based chemotherapy resistance in ovarian carcinoma via the Bcl-2 mediated anti-apoptosis signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:61. [PMID: 36644154 PMCID: PMC9827458 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum resistance of ovarian cancer is one of the primary factors of poor prognosis and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3) is a potential DDP resistance-associated gene. The present study assessed protein expression levels of ITIH3 in human ovarian cancer and evaluated the relationship between its expression and platinum-resistance in patients. Furthermore, the effect of ITIH3 on cisplatin (DDP)-resistant ovarian cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanism were evaluated. Tissue microarrays of ovarian cancer samples were used to assess the association between ITIH3 protein expression levels and drug resistance and the prognosis of ovarian cancer. ITIH3 RNA interference (RNAi) ovarian cancer cell lines were constructed and expression levels of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 associated pathway, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, Bak, Bim, Bax, caspase 3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), were assessed following DDP treatment. The Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 was used to rescue DDP-resistance induced by loss of ITIH3 in vitro. Finally, a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model was used to evaluate the effect of multiple DDP injections on expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins like Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bak, caspase 3 and PARP. The results of tissue microarray immunohistochemistry revealed that decreased ITIH3 protein expression levels were associated with a shorter overall survival for patients with ovarian cancer. The results of Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration and resistance index of DDP in SKOV3-ITIH3 and OVCAR3-ITIH3 RNAi cells were significantly higher than in control groups. Following DDP treatment, the results of western blotting revealed that expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family significantly increased in SKOV3-ITIH3 and OVCAR3-ITIH3 RNAi cells. Pro-apoptotic protein expression was not significantly changed following DDP treatment, whereas cleaved caspase 3, caspase 3 and cleaved (C-PARP) were markedly downregulated. The Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 was demonstrated to reverse increased DDP resistance induced by ITIH3 expression in flow cytometric and western blotting analysis. In the subcutaneous murine xenograft model, an increased number of DDP injections yielded a decrease in phosphorylated Bcl-2, cleaved caspase 3, caspase 3 and C-PARP protein expression levels in the SKOV3-ITIH3 RNAi group tested by western blotting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that ITIH3 could be a vital molecule involved in chemosensitivity via regulation of the Bcl-2 family-mediated apoptotic pathway. Lower protein expression levels of ITIH3 were significantly associated with platinum resistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. ITIH3 may predict cisplatin-resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhao Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Cunzhong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China,Gynecology Oncology Key Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Feng
- Research Department, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China,Research Department, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China,Research Department, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China,Research Department, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Desheng Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Qi Wang or Professor Desheng Yao, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China,Research Department, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Qi Wang or Professor Desheng Yao, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bound vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular environment. Studies have implicated EVs in cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, angiogenesis, and mediating the interaction of tumor cells and microenvironment. A systematic characterization of EVs from pancreatic cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) would be valuable for studying the roles of EV proteins in pancreatic tumorigenesis. METHODS Proteomic and functional analyses were applied to characterize the proteomes of EVs released from 5 pancreatic cancer lines, 2 CAF cell lines, and a normal pancreatic epithelial cell line (HPDE). RESULTS More than 1400 nonredundant proteins were identified in each EV derived from the cell lines. The majority of the proteins identified in the EVs from the cancer cells, CAFs, and HPDE were detected in all 3 groups, highly enriched in the biological processes of vesicle-mediated transport and exocytosis. Protein networks relevant to pancreatic tumorigenesis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, complement, and coagulation components, were significantly enriched in the EVs from cancer cells or CAFs. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the roles of EVs as a potential mediator in transmitting epithelial-mesenchymal transition signals and complement response in the tumor microenvironment and possibly contributing to coagulation defects related to cancer development.
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11
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An Integrated Proteomic and Glycoproteomic Investigation Reveals Alterations in the N-Glycoproteomic Network Induced by 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158251. [PMID: 35897829 PMCID: PMC9331968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a well-known glycolysis inhibitor for anticancer treatment, 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) inhibits the growth and survival of cancer cells by interfering with the ATP produced by the metabolism of D-glucose. In addition, 2DG inhibits protein glycosylation in vivo by competing with D-mannose, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein responses in cancer cells. However, the molecular details underlying the impact of 2DG on protein glycosylation remain largely elusive. With an integrated approach to glycoproteomics and proteomics, we characterized the 2DG-induced alterations in N-glycosylation, as well as the cascading impacts on the whole proteome using the HT29 colorectal cancer cell line as a model system. More than 1700 site-specific glycoforms, represented by unique intact glycopeptides (IGPs), were identified. The treatment of 2DG had a broad effect on the N-glycoproteome, especially the high-mannose types. The glycosite occupancy of the high-mannose N-glycans decreased the most compared with the sialic acid and fucose-containing N-glycans. Many of the proteins with down-regulated high-mannose were implicated in functional networks related to response to topologically incorrect protein, integrin-mediated signaling, lysosomal transport, protein hydroxylation, vacuole, and protein N-glycosylation. The treatment of 2DG also functionally disrupted the global cellular proteome, evidenced by significant up-regulation of the proteins implicated in protein folding, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial function, cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, and translational termination. Taken together, these findings reveal the complex changes in protein glycosylation and expression underlying the various effects of 2DG on cancer cells, and may provide insightful clues to inform therapeutic development targeting protein glycosylation.
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12
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Vellan CJ, Jayapalan JJ, Yoong BK, Abdul-Aziz A, Mat-Junit S, Subramanian P. Application of Proteomics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Biomarker Investigations: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2093. [PMID: 35216204 PMCID: PMC8879036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis is usually detected at the advanced stage of the disease. The only US Food and Drug Administration-approved biomarker that is available for PDAC, CA 19-9, is most useful in monitoring treatment response among PDAC patients rather than for early detection. Moreover, when CA 19-9 is solely used for diagnostic purposes, it has only a recorded sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 82% in symptomatic individuals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify reliable biomarkers for diagnosis (specifically for the early diagnosis), ascertain prognosis as well as to monitor treatment response and tumour recurrence of PDAC. In recent years, proteomic technologies are growing exponentially at an accelerated rate for a wide range of applications in cancer research. In this review, we discussed the current status of biomarker research for PDAC using various proteomic technologies. This review will explore the potential perspective for understanding and identifying the unique alterations in protein expressions that could prove beneficial in discovering new robust biomarkers to detect PDAC at an early stage, ascertain prognosis of patients with the disease in addition to monitoring treatment response and tumour recurrence of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jane Vellan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.J.V.); (A.A.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.J.V.); (A.A.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Koon Yoong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Azlina Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.J.V.); (A.A.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Sarni Mat-Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.J.V.); (A.A.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Perumal Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 608002, Tamil Nadu, India;
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13
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Zou Y, Xu Y, Chen X, Wu Y, Fu L, Lv Y. Research Progress on Leucine-Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein 1: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:809225. [PMID: 35095520 PMCID: PMC8797156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.809225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich alpha⁃2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is an important member of the leucine-rich repetitive sequence protein family. LRG1 was mainly involved in normal physiological activities of the nervous system, such as synapse formation, synapse growth, the development of nerve processes, neurotransmitter transfer and release, and cell adhesion molecules or ligand-binding proteins. Also, LRG1 affected the development of respiratory diseases, hematological diseases, endocrine diseases, tumor diseases, eye diseases, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatic immune diseases, infectious diseases, etc. LRG1 was a newly discovered important upstream signaling molecule of transforming growth factor⁃β (TGF⁃β) that affected various pathological processes through the TGF⁃β signaling pathway. However, research on LRG1 and its involvement in the occurrence and development of diseases was still in its infancy and the current studies were mainly focused on proteomic detection and basic animal experimental reports. We could reasonably predict that LRG1 might act as a new direction and strategy for the treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaoqi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longsheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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14
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Camilli C, Hoeh AE, De Rossi G, Moss SE, Greenwood J. LRG1: an emerging player in disease pathogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:6. [PMID: 35062948 PMCID: PMC8781713 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted glycoprotein leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) was first described as a key player in pathogenic ocular neovascularization almost a decade ago. Since then, an increasing number of publications have reported the involvement of LRG1 in multiple human conditions including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and inflammatory disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the LRG1 literature considering its role in health and disease. Although LRG1 is constitutively expressed by hepatocytes and neutrophils, Lrg1-/- mice show no overt phenotypic abnormality suggesting that LRG1 is essentially redundant in development and homeostasis. However, emerging data are challenging this view by suggesting a novel role for LRG1 in innate immunity and preservation of tissue integrity. While our understanding of beneficial LRG1 functions in physiology remains limited, a consistent body of evidence shows that, in response to various inflammatory stimuli, LRG1 expression is induced and directly contributes to disease pathogenesis. Its potential role as a biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of multiple conditions is widely discussed while dissecting the mechanisms underlying LRG1 pathogenic functions. Emphasis is given to the role that LRG1 plays as a vasculopathic factor where it disrupts the cellular interactions normally required for the formation and maintenance of mature vessels, thereby indirectly contributing to the establishment of a highly hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition, LRG1 has also been reported to affect other cell types (including epithelial, immune, mesenchymal and cancer cells) mostly by modulating the TGFβ signalling pathway in a context-dependent manner. Crucially, animal studies have shown that LRG1 inhibition, through gene deletion or a function-blocking antibody, is sufficient to attenuate disease progression. In view of this, and taking into consideration its role as an upstream modifier of TGFβ signalling, LRG1 is suggested as a potentially important therapeutic target. While further investigations are needed to fill gaps in our current understanding of LRG1 function, the studies reviewed here confirm LRG1 as a pleiotropic and pathogenic signalling molecule providing a strong rationale for its use in the clinic as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Camilli
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Alexandra E Hoeh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia De Rossi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen E Moss
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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15
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The versatile role of the contact system in cardiovascular disease, inflammation, sepsis and cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112429. [PMID: 34801854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human contact system consists of plasma proteins, which - after contact to foreign surfaces - are bound to them, thereby activating the zymogens of the system into enzymes. This activation mechanism gave the system its name - contact system. It is considered as a procoagulant and proinflammatory response mechanism, as activation finally leads to the generation of fibrin and bradykinin. To date, no physiological processes have been described that are mediated by contact activation. However, contact system factors play a pathophysiological role in numerous diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, colitis, sepsis, and cancer. Contact system factors are therefore an interesting target for new therapeutic options in different clinical conditions.
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16
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Ge P, Luo Y, Chen H, Liu J, Guo H, Xu C, Qu J, Zhang G, Chen H. Application of Mass Spectrometry in Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667427. [PMID: 34707986 PMCID: PMC8544753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract worldwide, with increased morbidity and mortality. In recent years, with the development of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and the change of the medical thinking model, remarkable progress has been made in researching comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of PC. However, the present situation of diagnostic and treatment of PC is still unsatisfactory. There is an urgent need for academia to fully integrate the basic research and clinical data from PC to form a research model conducive to clinical translation and promote the proper treatment of PC. This paper summarized the translation progress of mass spectrometry (MS) in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and PC treatment to promote the basic research results of PC into clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haoya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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17
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Che YQ, Zhang Y, Li HB, Shen D, Cui W. Serum KLKB1 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Data-Independent Acquisition and Parallel Reaction Monitoring. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:1241-1252. [PMID: 34676182 PMCID: PMC8520450 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s325629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose With the advancement of minimally invasive surgery and catheters for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is becoming more and more inconvenient to get tissues or the tissues gained are insufficient for testing. Screening of blood-derived markers is of great significance for prognosis assessment. Patients and Methods Data-independent acquisition (DIA) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) were implemented to identify valuable prognostic HCC biomarkers in 48 patients with different prognosis. The potential candidate biomarkers were examined in 205 HCC patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and then validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HCC cohort. Results DIA screened 86 significantly differentially regulated proteins between patients with poor prognosis and those with good prognosis. Eight proteins from the DIA proteomic analyses were quantified by PRM, and six of them (KLKB1, IGFBP3, SHBG, SAA1, C7, and CD44) presented consistent expression trends between DIA and PRM. Then, the results of ELISA indicated that KLKB1 was abnormally expressed in HCC patients, and the serum level of KLKB1 also exhibited significant changes before and after treatment (P = 0.016). Patients with higher KLKB1 serum levels had significantly superior overall survival (P = 0.035) and progression-free survival (P = 0.027) than those with lower KLKB1 expression. In the TCGA-HCC cohort, Cox regression analysis suggested that KLKB1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.032) of HCC patients. Conclusion Aberrant expression of KLKB1 was strongly associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. KLKB1 may be used to evaluate the prognosis and guide the treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Che
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.,Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Bing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
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18
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Hart PA, Andersen DK, Petrov MS, Goodarzi MO. Distinguishing diabetes secondary to pancreatic diseases from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2021; 37:520-525. [PMID: 34265796 PMCID: PMC8364493 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes secondary to pancreatic diseases (i.e., acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer) is increasingly studied, but remains challenging to distinguish from type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We review the clinical significance and potential biomarkers that may help differentiate these types of diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have identified several complications (including nonvascular) that occur more frequently in patients with diabetes secondary to acute and chronic pancreatitis than T2DM, and biomarkers to differentiate these types of diabetes. There have been advances that may enable the enrichment of a population of adults with new onset diabetes to potentially screen for occult pancreatic cancer, but efforts are needed to identify and validate promising diagnostic biomarkers. SUMMARY High-quality studies are needed to more precisely understand the risk factors and natural course of diabetes secondary to pancreatic diseases. Mechanistic and interventional studies are awaited to provide insights that will distinguish diabetes secondary to pancreatic diseases and refine the management of hyperglycemia in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil A. Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dana K. Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maxim S. Petrov
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Pan S, Brand RE, Lai LA, Dawson DW, Donahue TR, Kim S, Khalaf NI, Othman MO, Fisher WE, Bronner MP, Simeone DM, Brentnall TA, Chen R. Proteome heterogeneity and malignancy detection in pancreatic cyst fluids. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e506. [PMID: 34459141 PMCID: PMC8382978 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Pan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA,Department of Integrative Biology and PharmacologyMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Randall E. Brand
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lisa A. Lai
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of Medicinethe University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - David W. Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Timothy R. Donahue
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Department of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephen Kim
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Natalia I. Khalaf
- Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Mohamed O. Othman
- Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Mary P. Bronner
- Department of PathologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Diane M. Simeone
- Department of SurgeryNew York UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Perlmutter Cancer CenterNew York UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Teresa A. Brentnall
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of Medicinethe University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ru Chen
- Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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Liu L, Chen X, Petinrin OO, Zhang W, Rahaman S, Tang ZR, Wong KC. Machine Learning Protocols in Early Cancer Detection Based on Liquid Biopsy: A Survey. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:638. [PMID: 34209249 PMCID: PMC8308091 DOI: 10.3390/life11070638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advances of liquid biopsy technology, there is increasing evidence that body fluid such as blood, urine, and saliva could harbor the potential biomarkers associated with tumor origin. Traditional correlation analysis methods are no longer sufficient to capture the high-resolution complex relationships between biomarkers and cancer subtype heterogeneity. To address the challenge, researchers proposed machine learning techniques with liquid biopsy data to explore the essence of tumor origin together. In this survey, we review the machine learning protocols and provide corresponding code demos for the approaches mentioned. We discuss algorithmic principles and frameworks extensively developed to reveal cancer mechanisms and consider the future prospects in biomarker exploration and cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Liu
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Xingjian Chen
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Olutomilayo Olayemi Petinrin
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Weitong Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Saifur Rahaman
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Zhi-Ri Tang
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
| | - Ka-Chun Wong
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (L.L.); (X.C.); (O.O.P.); (W.Z.); (S.R.); (Z.-R.T.)
- Hong Kong Institute for Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Identification of Potential Serum Protein Biomarkers and Pathways for Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia Using an Aptamer-Based Discovery Platform. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123787. [PMID: 33334063 PMCID: PMC7765482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with pancreatic cancer and other advanced cancers suffer from progressive weight loss that reduces treatment response and quality of life and increases treatment toxicity and mortality. Effective interventions to prevent such weight loss, known as cachexia, require molecular markers to diagnose, stage, and monitor cachexia. No such markers are currently validated or in clinical use. This study used a discovery platform to measure changes in plasma proteins in patients with pancreatic cancer compared with normal controls. We found proteins specific to pancreatic cancer and cancer stage, as well as proteins that correlate with cachexia. These include some previously known proteins along with novel ones and implicates both well-known and new molecular mechanisms. Thus, this study provides novel insights into the molecular processes underpinning cancer and cachexia and affords a basis for future validation studies in larger numbers of patients with pancreatic cancer and cachexia. Abstract Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) suffer debilitating and deadly weight loss, known as cachexia. Development of therapies requires biomarkers to diagnose, and monitor cachexia; however, no such markers are in use. Via Somascan, we measured ~1300 plasma proteins in 30 patients with PDAC vs. 11 controls. We found 60 proteins specific to local PDAC, 46 to metastatic, and 67 to presence of >5% cancer weight loss (FC ≥ |1.5|, p ≤ 0.05). Six were common for cancer stage (Up: GDF15, TIMP1, IL1RL1; Down: CCL22, APP, CLEC1B). Four were common for local/cachexia (C1R, PRKCG, ELANE, SOST: all oppositely regulated) and four for metastatic/cachexia (SERPINA6, PDGFRA, PRSS2, PRSS1: all consistently changed), suggesting that stage and cachexia status might be molecularly separable. We found 71 proteins that correlated with cachexia severity via weight loss grade, weight loss, skeletal muscle index and radiodensity (r ≥ |0.50|, p ≤ 0.05), including some known cachexia mediators/markers (LEP, MSTN, ALB) as well as novel proteins (e.g., LYVE1, C7, F2). Pathway, correlation, and upstream regulator analyses identified known (e.g., IL6, proteosome, mitochondrial dysfunction) and novel (e.g., Wnt signaling, NK cells) mechanisms. Overall, this study affords a basis for validation and provides insights into the processes underpinning cancer cachexia.
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