1
|
Sheikhhossein HH, Iommelli F, Di Pietro N, Curia MC, Piattelli A, Palumbo R, Roviello GN, De Rosa V. Exosome-like Systems: From Therapies to Vaccination for Cancer Treatment and Prevention-Exploring the State of the Art. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:519. [PMID: 38793770 PMCID: PMC11125800 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the main causes of death in the world due to its increasing incidence and treatment difficulties. Although significant progress has been made in this field, innovative approaches are needed to reduce tumor incidence, progression, and spread. In particular, the development of cancer vaccines is currently ongoing as both a preventive and therapeutic strategy. This concept is not new, but few vaccines have been approved in oncology. Antigen-based vaccination emerges as a promising strategy, leveraging specific tumor antigens to activate the immune system response. However, challenges persist in finding suitable delivery systems and antigen preparation methods. Exosomes (EXs) are highly heterogeneous bilayer vesicles that carry several molecule types in the extracellular space. The peculiarity is that they may be released from different cells and may be able to induce direct or indirect stimulation of the immune system. In particular, EX-based vaccines may cause an anti-tumor immune attack or produce memory cells recognizing cancer antigens and inhibiting disease development. This review delves into EX composition, biogenesis, and immune-modulating properties, exploring their role as a tool for prevention and therapy in solid tumors. Finally, we describe future research directions to optimize vaccine efficacy and realize the full potential of EX-based cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Heydari Sheikhhossein
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, 65013 Città Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Francesca Iommelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosanna Palumbo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni N Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Wang R, Shen K, Huang R, Wang Z. Biological Roles and Clinical Applications of Exosomes in Breast Cancer: A Brief Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4620. [PMID: 38731840 PMCID: PMC11083446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a global health risk for women and has a high prevalence rate. The drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis of BC affect patient prognosis, thus posing a challenge to scientists. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from various cells; they have a double-layered lipid membrane structure and contain rich biological information. They mediate intercellular communication and have pivotal roles in tumor development, progression, and metastasis and drug resistance. Exosomes are important cell communication mediators in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exosomes are utilized as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for estimating the treatment efficacy of BC and have the potential to function as tools to enable the targeted delivery of antitumor drugs. This review introduces recent progress in research on how exosomes influence tumor development and the TME. We also present the research progress on the application of exosomes as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renhong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (H.W.); (R.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (H.W.); (R.W.); (K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohammadi A, Shabani R, Bashiri Z, Rafiei S, Asgari H, Koruji M. Therapeutic potential of exosomes in spermatogenesis regulation and male infertility. Biol Cell 2024:e2300127. [PMID: 38593304 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202300127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process crucial for male reproductive health and fertility. Exosomes, small membranous vesicles released by various cell types, have recently garnered attention for their role in intercellular communication. OBJECTIVE This review aims to comprehensively explore the role of exosomes in regulating spermatogenesis, focusing on their involvement in testicular development and cell-to-cell communication. METHODS A systematic examination of literature was conducted to gather relevant studies elucidating the biogenesis, composition, and functions of exosomes in the context of spermatogenesis. RESULTS Exosomes play a pivotal role in orchestrating the complex signaling networks required for proper spermatogenesis. They facilitate the transfer of key regulatory molecules between different cell populations within the testes, including Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and germ cells. CONCLUSION The emerging understanding of exosome-mediated communication sheds light on novel mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis regulation. Further research in this area holds promise for insights into male reproductive health and potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Mohammadi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bashiri
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Omid Fertility & Infertility Clinic, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Sara Rafiei
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Asgari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Koruji
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Shu H, Cheng X, Xiao H, Jin Z, Yao N, Mao S, Zong Z. Exosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:28. [PMID: 38240092 PMCID: PMC10836496 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and has relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that originate from a diverse array of cells and may be found throughout various bodily fluids. These vesicles are endogenous nanocarriers in their natural state with the unique ability to transport lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and other bioactive components that have crucial roles in the transmission of information and regulation of cell activities in gastric cancer. This paper begins with an exploration of the composition, formation and release mechanisms of exosomes. Subsequently, the role of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment is reviewed in terms of the immune cell population, nonimmune cell population and other factors. Finally, the current status and challenges of exosome‑based research on the progression, diagnosis and therapeutic methods of gastric cancer are summarized. This holistic review offers insight that may guide future research directions for exosomes and potentially pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in the management of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Queen Marry College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Queen Marry College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shengxun Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chimote AA, Lehn MA, Bhati J, Mascia AE, Sertorio M, Lamba MA, Ionascu D, Tang AL, Langevin SM, Khodoun MV, Wise-Draper TM, Conforti L. Proton Treatment Suppresses Exosome Production in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1008. [PMID: 38473367 PMCID: PMC10931005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy (PT) is emerging as an effective and less toxic alternative to conventional X-ray-based photon therapy (XRT) for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) owing to its clustered dose deposition dosimetric characteristics. For optimal efficacy, cancer therapies, including PT, must elicit a robust anti-tumor response by effector and cytotoxic immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). While tumor-derived exosomes contribute to immune cell suppression in the TME, information on the effects of PT on exosomes and anti-tumor immune responses in HNSCC is not known. In this study, we generated primary HNSCC cells from tumors resected from HNSCC patients, irradiated them with 5 Gy PT or XRT, and isolated exosomes from cell culture supernatants. HNSCC cells exposed to PT produced 75% fewer exosomes than XRT- and non-irradiated HNSCC cells. This effect persisted in proton-irradiated cells for up to five days. Furthermore, we observed that exosomes from proton-irradiated cells were identical in morphology and immunosuppressive effects (suppression of IFN-γ release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells) to those of photon-irradiated cells. Our results suggest that PT limits the suppressive effect of exosomes on cancer immune surveillance by reducing the production of exosomes that can inhibit immune cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameet A. Chimote
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.A.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Maria A. Lehn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.A.L.); (T.M.W.-D.)
| | - Jay Bhati
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.A.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Anthony E. Mascia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.E.M.); (M.S.); (M.A.L.); (D.I.)
| | - Mathieu Sertorio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.E.M.); (M.S.); (M.A.L.); (D.I.)
| | - Michael A. Lamba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.E.M.); (M.S.); (M.A.L.); (D.I.)
| | - Dan Ionascu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.E.M.); (M.S.); (M.A.L.); (D.I.)
| | - Alice L. Tang
- Department of Otolarynogology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Scott M. Langevin
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Marat V. Khodoun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Trisha M. Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.A.L.); (T.M.W.-D.)
| | - Laura Conforti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.A.C.); (J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu S, Tan X, Liu S. The role of extracellular vesicles in COPD and potential clinical value. Respir Res 2024; 25:84. [PMID: 38331841 PMCID: PMC10854156 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung disease and a major health burden worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles which possess a lipid bilayer structure that are secreted by various cells. They contain a variety of bioactive substances, which can regulate various physiological and pathological processes and are closely related to the development of diseases. Recently, EVs have emerged as a novel tool for intercellular crosstalk, which plays an essential role in COPD development. This paper reviews the role of EVs in the development of COPD and their potential clinical value, in order to provide a reference for further research on COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowu Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao S, Dong Y, Yan C, Yu T, Cao H. The role of exosomes and exosomal microRNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1327495. [PMID: 38283742 PMCID: PMC10811149 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1327495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a formidable cardiovascular complication linked to diabetes, is witnessing a relentless surge in its incidence. Despite extensive research efforts, the primary pathogenic mechanisms underlying this condition remain elusive. Consequently, a critical research imperative lies in identifying a sensitive and dependable marker for early diagnosis and treatment, thereby mitigating the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Exosomes (EXOs), minute vesicles enclosed within bilayer lipid membranes, have emerged as a fascinating frontier in this quest, capable of transporting a diverse cargo that mirrors the physiological and pathological states of their parent cells. These exosomes play an active role in the intercellular communication network of the cardiovascular system. Within the realm of exosomes, MicroRNA (miRNA) stands as a pivotal molecular player, revealing its profound influence on the progression of DCM. This comprehensive review aims to offer an introductory exploration of exosome structure and function, followed by a detailed examination of the intricate role played by exosome-associated miRNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our ultimate objective is to bolster our comprehension of DCM diagnosis and treatment strategies, thereby facilitating timely intervention and improved outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongbo Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hani U, Gowda BHJ, Haider N, Ramesh K, Paul K, Ashique S, Ahmed MG, Narayana S, Mohanto S, Kesharwani P. Nanoparticle-Based Approaches for Treatment of Hematological Malignancies: a Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:233. [PMID: 37973643 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cancer, also known as hematological malignancy, is one of the devastating types of cancer that has significantly paved its mortality mark globally. It persists as an extremely deadly cancer type and needs utmost attention owing to its negligible overall survival rate. Major challenges in the treatment of blood cancer include difficulties in early diagnosis, as well as severe side effects resulting from chemotherapy. In addition, immunotherapies and targeted therapies can be prohibitively expensive. Over the past two decades, scientists have devised a few nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems aimed at overcoming this challenge. These therapeutic strategies are engineered to augment the cellular uptake, pharmacokinetics, and effectiveness of anticancer drugs. However, there are still numerous types of nanoparticles that could potentially improve the efficacy of blood cancer treatment, while also reducing treatment costs and mitigating drug-related side effects. To the best of our knowledge, there has been limited reviews published on the use of nano-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Therefore, we have made a concerted effort to provide a comprehensive review that draws upon recent literature and patents, with a focus on the most promising results regarding the use of nanoparticle-based approaches for the treatment of hematological malignancies. All these crucial points covered under a common title would significantly help researchers and scientists working in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India.
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Nazima Haider
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kvrns Ramesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, 11172, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karthika Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal, 713378, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumya Narayana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang W, Xu Z, Liu M, Cai M, Liu X. Prospective applications of extracellular vesicle-based therapies in regenerative medicine: implications for the use of dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1278124. [PMID: 37936823 PMCID: PMC10627172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1278124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has made remarkable advancements. Recently, researchers have uncovered the exceptional biological features of EVs, highlighting their prospective use as therapeutic targets, biomarkers, innovative drug delivery systems, and standalone therapeutic agents. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells stand out as the most potent source of EVs for clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Owing to their accessibility and capability of undergoing numerous differentiation inductions, dental stem cell-derived EVs (DSC-EVs) offer distinct advantages in the field of tissue regeneration. Nonetheless, it is essential to note that unmodified EVs are currently unsuitable for use in the majority of clinical therapeutic scenarios. Considering the high feasibility of engineering EVs, it is imperative to modify these EVs to facilitate the swift translation of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice. The review succinctly presents the known biotherapeutic effects of odontogenic EVs and the underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, the current state of functional cargo loading for engineered EVs is critically discussed. For enhancing EV targeting and in vivo circulation time, the review highlights cutting-edge engineering solutions that may help overcome key obstacles in the clinical application of EV therapeutics. By presenting innovative concepts and strategies, this review aims to pave the way for the adaptation of DSC-EVs in regenerative medicine within clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zinan Xu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Liu
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiang Cai
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Das K, Paul S, Ghosh A, Gupta S, Mukherjee T, Shankar P, Sharma A, Keshava S, Chauhan SC, Kashyap VK, Parashar D. Extracellular Vesicles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Immune Regulation, Biomarkers, and Immunotherapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4879. [PMID: 37835573 PMCID: PMC10571545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype accounting for ~10-20% of all human BC and is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification. Owing to its unique molecular profile and limited targeted therapies, TNBC treatment poses significant challenges. Unlike other BC subtypes, TNBC lacks specific molecular targets, rendering endocrine therapies and HER2-targeted treatments ineffective. The chemotherapeutic regimen is the predominant systemic treatment modality for TNBC in current clinical practice. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy in TNBC is variable, with response rates varying between a wide range of patients, and the emerging resistance further adds to the difficulties. Furthermore, TNBC exhibits a higher mutational burden and is acknowledged as the most immunogenic of all BC subtypes. Consequently, the application of immune checkpoint inhibition has been investigated in TNBC, yielding promising outcomes. Recent evidence identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an important contributor in the context of TNBC immunotherapy. In view of the extraordinary ability of EVs to transfer bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNAs, and small miRNAs, between the cells, EVs are considered a promising diagnostic biomarker and novel drug delivery system among the prospects for immunotherapy. The present review provides an in-depth understanding of how EVs influence TNBC progression, its immune regulation, and their contribution as a predictive biomarker for TNBC. The final part of the review focuses on the recent key advances in immunotherapeutic strategies for better understanding the complex interplay between EVs and the immune system in TNBC and further developing EV-based targeted immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Subhojit Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700012, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700012, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Prem Shankar
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA or
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.C.C.); (V.K.K.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.C.C.); (V.K.K.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Hong L, Li X, Li Y, Zhang X, Jiang J, Shi F, Diao H. M1 macrophage-derived exosomes promote autoimmune liver injury by transferring long noncoding RNA H19 to hepatocytes. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e303. [PMID: 37398637 PMCID: PMC10310975 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes mediate intercellular communication by transmitting active molecules. The function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in autoimmune liver injury is unclear. Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury is well-characterized immune-mediated hepatitis. Here, we showed that lncRNA H19 expression was increased in the liver after ConA treatment, accompanied by increased exosome secretion. Moreover, injection of AAV-H19 aggravated ConA-induced hepatitis, with an increase in hepatocyte apoptosis. However, GW4869, an exosome inhibitor, alleviated ConA-induced liver injury and inhibited the upregulation of lncRNA H19. Intriguingly, lncRNA H19 expression in the liver was significantly downregulated, after macrophage depletion. Importantly, the lncRNA H19 was primarily expressed in type I macrophage (M1) and encapsulated in M1-derived exosomes. Furthermore, H19 was transported from M1 to hepatocytes via exosomes, and exosomal H19 dramatically induced hepatocytes apoptosis both in vitro and vivo. Mechanistically, H19 upregulated the transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), which accumulated in the cytoplasm and mediated hepatocyte apoptosis by upregulating p53. M1-derived exosomal lncRNA H19 plays a pivotal role in ConA-induced hepatitis through the HIF-1α-p53 signaling pathway. These findings identify M1 macrophage-derived exosomal H19 as a novel target for the treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liang Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
An S, Anwar K, Ashraf M, Lee H, Jung R, Koganti R, Ghassemi M, Djalilian AR. Wound-Healing Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome in the Cornea and the Role of Exosomes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051486. [PMID: 37242728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted factors have been shown to have immunomodulatory and regenerative effects. In this study, we investigated human bone-marrow-derived MSC secretome (MSC-S) for the treatment of corneal epithelial wounds. Specifically, we evaluated the role of MSC extracellular vesicles (EV)/exosomes in mediating the wound-healing effects of the MSC-S. In vitro studies using human corneal epithelial cells showed that MSC-CM increased cell proliferation in HCEC and HCLE cells, while EV-depleted MSC-CM showed lower cell proliferation in both cell lines compared to the MSC-CM group. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that 1X MSC-S consistently promoted wound healing more effectively than 0.5X MSC-S, and MSC-CM promoted wound healing in a dose-dependent manner, while exosome deprivation delayed wound healing. We further evaluated the incubation period of MSC-CM on corneal wound healing and showed that MSC-S collected for 72 h is more effective than MSC-S collected for 48 h. Finally, we evaluated the stability of MSC-S under different storage conditions and found that after one cycle of freeze-thawing, MSC-S is stable at 4 °C for up to 4 weeks. Collectively, we identified the following: (i) MSC-EV/Exo as the active ingredient in MSC-S that mediates the wound-healing effects in the corneal epithelium, providing a measure to optimize its dosing for a potential clinical product; (ii) Treatment with EV/Exo-containing MSC-S resulted in an improved corneal barrier and decreased corneal haze/edema relative to EV/Exo-depleted MSC-S; (iii) The stability of MSC-CM for up to 4 weeks showed that the regular storage condition did not significantly impact its stability and therapeutic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon An
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Khandaker Anwar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mohammadjavad Ashraf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Hyungjo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rebecca Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mahmood Ghassemi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liang J, Yin H. STAM transports STING oligomers into extracellular vesicles, down-regulating the innate immune response. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12316. [PMID: 36946680 PMCID: PMC10032202 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) mediates the innate immune response against damaged endogenous double-strand DNA and exogenous virus infection. The location of STING is critical to the accurate control of defence signalling pathways. Recently, the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the regulation of innate immune signalling have been reported. Nevertheless, the particular roles played by STING in EVs and the related mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Herein, we report that when STING was activated in cells, EVs derived from these cells carried STING oligomers. Signal transducing adapter molecule 1 (STAM) was found to be a STING transporter that directly interacted with STING and facilitated STING transport into EVs. Importantly, the translocation of STING into EVs was a mechanism by which STING was degraded, suppressing the innate immune response. In summary, we elucidated the mechanism and function of the translocation of STING into EVs, adding to the understanding of STING activity regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haghighitalab A, Dominici M, Matin MM, Shekari F, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Lim R, Ahmadiankia N, Mirahmadi M, Bahrami AR, Bidkhori HR. Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090416. [PMID: 36969255 PMCID: PMC10031021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are not adequately practical. Moreover, these regimens are associated with considerable complications. Designing tolerogenic therapeutic strategies based on stem cells, immune cells, and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) seems to open a promising path to managing autoimmune diseases' vast burden. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main cell types applied to restore a tolerogenic immune status; MSCs play a more beneficial role due to their amenable properties and extensive cross-talks with different immune cells. With existing concerns about the employment of cells, new cell-free therapeutic paradigms, such as EV-based therapies, are gaining attention in this field. Additionally, EVs' unique properties have made them to be known as smart immunomodulators and are considered as a potential substitute for cell therapy. This review provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of cell-based and EV-based methods for treating autoimmune diseases. The study also presents an outlook on the future of EVs to be implemented in clinics for autoimmune patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haghighitalab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rebecca Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Reza Bahrami, ; Hamid Reza Bidkhori,
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Reza Bahrami, ; Hamid Reza Bidkhori,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schlosser S, Tümen D, Volz B, Neumeyer K, Egler N, Kunst C, Tews HC, Schmid S, Kandulski A, Müller M, Gülow K. HCC biomarkers - state of the old and outlook to future promising biomarkers and their potential in everyday clinical practice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1016952. [PMID: 36518320 PMCID: PMC9742592 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1016952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly tumors worldwide. Management of HCC depends on reliable biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of the disease, as well as predicting response towards therapy and safety. To date, imaging has been the established standard technique in the diagnosis and follow-up of HCC. However, imaging techniques have their limitations, especially in the early detection of HCC. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reliable, non/minimal invasive biomarkers. To date, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the only serum biomarker used in clinical practice for the management of HCC. However, AFP is of relatively rather low quality in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Liquid biopsies as a source for biomarkers have become the focus of clinical research. Our review highlights alternative biomarkers derived from liquid biopsies, including circulating tumor cells, proteins, circulating nucleic acids, and exosomes, and their potential for clinical application. Using defined combinations of different biomarkers will open new perspectives for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang Q, Tan XP, Zhang CH, Li ZY, Li D, Xu Y, Liu YX, Wang L, Ma Z. Non-Coding RNAs of Extracellular Vesicles: Key Players in Organ-Specific Metastasis and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225693. [PMID: 36428785 PMCID: PMC9688215 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane-encapsulated vesicles released by most cells. They act as multifunctional regulators of intercellular communication by delivering bioactive molecules, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related death. Most cancer cells disseminate and colonize a specific target organ via EVs, a process known as "organ-specific metastasis". Mounting evidence has shown that EVs are enriched with ncRNAs, and various EV-ncRNAs derived from tumor cells influence organ-specific metastasis via different mechanisms. Due to the tissue-specific expression of EV-ncRNAs, they could be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of tumor metastasis in various types of cancer. In this review, we have discussed the underlying mechanisms of EV-delivered ncRNAs in the most common organ-specific metastases of liver, bone, lung, brain, and lymph nodes. Moreover, we summarize the potential clinical applications of EV-ncRNAs in organ-specific metastasis to fill the gap between benches and bedsides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Digestive Disease Research Institution of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433200, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Digestive Disease Research Institution of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Cai-Hua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Honghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Honghu 433200, China
| | - Du Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yu Xuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (L.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Rab GTPase in the heart: Pivotal roles in development and disease. Life Sci 2022; 306:120806. [PMID: 35841978 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rab proteins are a family of small GTPases that function as molecular switches of intracellular vesicle formation and membrane trafficking. As a key factor, Rab GTPase participates in autophagy and protein transport and acts as the central hub of membrane trafficking in eukaryotes. The role of Rab GTPase in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, has been extensively investigated; however, its implication in cardiovascular embryogenesis and diseases remains largely unknown. In this review, we summarize previous findings and reveal their importance in the onset and progression of cardiac diseases, as well as their emergence as potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
18
|
Weng S, Lai QL, Wang J, Zhuang L, Cheng L, Mo Y, Liu L, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Qiao S. The Role of Exosomes as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:899944. [PMID: 35837481 PMCID: PMC9273880 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.899944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive dementia. Accumulation of β–amyloid peptide 1–42 and phosphorylation of tau protein in the brain are the two main pathological features of AD. However, comprehensive studies have shown that neuroinflammation also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation is associated with neuronal death and abnormal protein aggregation and promotes the pathological process of β-amyloid peptide 1–42 and tau protein. The inflammatory components associated with AD include glial cells, complement system, cytokines and chemokines. In recent years, some researchers have focused on exosomes, a type of membrane nano vesicles. Exosomes can transport proteins, lipids, microRNAs and other signaling molecules to participate in a variety of signaling pathways for signal transmission or immune response, affecting the activity of target cells and participating in important pathophysiological processes. Therefore, exosomes play an essential role in intercellular communication and may mediate neuroinflammation to promote the development of AD. This paper reviews the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation and exosomes in AD, providing a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of AD. Furthermore, the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of AD is further described, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic targets for neuroinflammation and AD in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Weng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Lun Lai
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yejia Mo
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zexian Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Song Qiao,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lan Z, Wang T, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Zou X. CircSLC8A1 Exacerbates Hypoxia-Induced Myocardial Injury via Interacting with MiR-214-5p to Upregulate TEAD1 Expression. Int Heart J 2022; 63:591-601. [PMID: 35650159 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as important regulators in myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of circRNA solute carrier family 8 member A1 antisense RNA 1 (circSLC8A1) in hypoxia-induced myocardial injury.Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified by microscopic observation or protein detection. Protein levels were examined by Western blot. CircSLC8A1, microRNA-214-5p (miR-214-5p), and TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) levels were determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. Inflammatory cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress was assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity through the corresponding detection kits. Target analysis was performed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, and pull-down assay.Exosomes released circSLC8A1 from hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Exosomal circSLC8A1 exacerbated hypoxia-induced repression of cell viability but promotion of cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Knockdown of circSLC8A1 ameliorated hypoxia-mediated cell injury. CircSLC8A1 directly targeted miR-214-5p and miR-214-5p downregulation reverted the effects of si-circSLC8A1 on hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes. TEAD1 was a target of miR-214-5p and circSLC8A1 upregulated TEAD1 level via targeting miR-214-5p. In addition, miR-214-5p inhibited hypoxia-caused cell injury by downregulating the expression of TEAD1.These results suggested that circSLC8A1 aggravated cell damages in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes by the regulation of TEAD1 via sponging miR-214-5p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Lan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Zhizhong Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yerrapragada SM, Bihl JC. Role of Exosomes in Mediating the Cross-Talk Between Adipose Tissue and the Brain. Neuromolecular Med 2022; 24:57-61. [PMID: 33978939 PMCID: PMC8674931 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is recognized as the largest endocrine organ by releasing secretory factors to exert systemic function on the brain. Exosomes are one type of extracellular vesicles that transport bioactive molecules between cells and organs. The cargo delivered by exosomes can alter a wide range of cellular responses in recipient cells and play an important pathophysiological role in human diseases. Emerging research showed that adipose tissue-released exosomes could be one of the mechanisms to mediate the function of the brain. Here, we review the modulatory function of adipose tissue-released exosomes in the brain. In particular, we emphasize the role of adipose tissue-released exosomes and their carried miRNAs in neurological disorder diseases. We provide an overview of advances in the understanding of adipose tissues in the regulation of brain function and offer a perspective on the potential therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Meghana Yerrapragada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Ji Chen Bihl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ginini L, Billan S, Fridman E, Gil Z. Insight into Extracellular Vesicle-Cell Communication: From Cell Recognition to Intracellular Fate. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091375. [PMID: 35563681 PMCID: PMC9101098 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogamous lipid bilayer-enclosed membranous structures secreted by cells. They are comprised of apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, and carry a range of nucleic acids and proteins that are necessary for cell-to-cell communication via interaction on the cells surface. They initiate intracellular signaling pathways or the transference of cargo molecules, which elicit pleiotropic responses in recipient cells in physiological processes, as well as pathological processes, such as cancer. It is therefore important to understand the molecular means by which EVs are taken up into cells. Accordingly, this review summarizes the underlying mechanisms involved in EV targeting and uptake. The primary method of entry by EVs appears to be endocytosis, where clathrin-mediated, caveolae-dependent, macropinocytotic, phagocytotic, and lipid raft-mediated uptake have been variously described as being prevalent. EV uptake mechanisms may depend on proteins and lipids found on the surfaces of both vesicles and target cells. As EVs have been shown to contribute to cancer growth and progression, further exploration and targeting of the gateways utilized by EVs to internalize into tumor cells may assist in the prevention or deceleration of cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Ginini
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (L.G.); (E.F.)
| | - Salem Billan
- Head and Neck Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 1641100, Israel;
- Medical Oncology and Radiation Therapy Program, Oncology Section, Rambam Health Care Campus, HaAliya HaShniya Street 8, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Eran Fridman
- Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; (L.G.); (E.F.)
| | - Ziv Gil
- Head and Neck Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 1641100, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-854-2480
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao M, Yang B, Li L, Si Y, Chang M, Ma S, Li R, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Efficacy of Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction in alleviating renal fibrosis in rats with IgA nephropathy by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway through exosome regulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114795. [PMID: 34737009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE IgA nephropathy is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis and is a major cause of renal failure worldwide. Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (MHCD), a traditional Chinese herbal preparation, has clinical efficacy in reducing the 24-h urine protein levels in patients with IgA nephropathy. However, the molecular mechanism of MHCD needs further study. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which MHCD treatment alleviates renal fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS An IgA nephropathy rat model was established using bovine serum albumin, carbon tetrachloride, and lipopolysaccharide. The rats were divided into control, model, telmisartan, low-dose MHCD, medium-dose MHCD, and high-dose MHCD groups. Treatments were administered to these groups for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the 24-h urine protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood albumin levels were measured. Pathological changes and degree of fibrosis in renal tissues were observed, and levels of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad3 signaling pathway components in renal tissues and TGF-β1 in urinary exosomes were measured. RESULTS Telmisartan and MHCD reduced 24-h urine protein levels, alleviated renal pathological injury, and decreased the renal expression of fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV in rats with IgA nephropathy. Urinary exosomes were extracted and identified for further investigation of their role in renal fibrosis. MHCD reduced TGF-β1 expression in urinary exosomes and reduced TGF-β1 and p-Smad3 levels in renal tissues. CONCLUSION MHCD alleviated renal fibrosis in rats with IgA nephropathy by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway through the downregulation of TGF-β1 expression in exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Liusheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ronghai Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuejun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Aged Care Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ferreira D, Moreira JN, Rodrigues LR. New Advances in Exosome-based Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103628. [PMID: 35189326 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various drug nano-delivery platforms have emerged to enhance drug effectiveness in cancer treatment. However, their successful translation to clinics have been hampered by unwanted side effects, as well as associated toxicity. Therefore, there is an imperative need for drug delivery vehicles capable of surpassing cellular barriers and also efficiently transfer therapeutic payloads to tumor cells. Exosomes, a class of small extracellular vesicles naturally released from all cells, have been exploited as a favorable delivery vehicle due to their natural role in intracellular communication and biocompatibility. In this review, information on exosome biogenesis, contents, forms of isolation and their natural functions is discussed, further complemented with the various successful methodologies for therapeutic payloads encapsulation, including distinct loading approaches. In addition, grafting of molecules to improve pharmacokinetics, tumor homing-ligands, as well as stimuli-responsive elements to enhance cell specificity are also debated. In the end, the current status of clinical-grade exosome-based therapies is outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang Y, Zhao H, Chen Y, Li K, Li T, Chen J, Zhang B, Guo C, Qing L, Shen J, Liu X, Gu P. Exosomal long noncoding RNA HOXD-AS1 promotes prostate cancer metastasis via miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1129. [PMID: 34864822 PMCID: PMC8643358 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of distant metastasis is the main cause of deaths in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Understanding the mechanism of PCa metastasis is of utmost importance to improve its prognosis. The role of exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been reported not yet fully understood in the metastasis of PCa. Here, we discovered an exosomal lncRNA HOXD-AS1 is upregulated in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell line derived exosomes and serum exosomes from metastatic PCa patients, which correlated with its tissue expression. Further investigation confirmed exosomal HOXD-AS1 promotes prostate cancer cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo by inducing metastasis associated phenotype. Mechanistically exosomal HOXD-AS1 was internalized directly by PCa cells, acting as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to modulate the miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis, therefore promoting PCa metastasis. In addition, we found that serum exosomal HOXD-AS1 was upregulated in metastatic PCa patients, especially those with high volume disease. And it is correlated closely with Gleason Score, distant and nodal metastasis, Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) recurrence free survival, and progression free survival (PFS). This sheds a new insight into the regulation of PCa distant metastasis by exosomal HOXD-AS1 mediated miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis, and provided a promising liquid biopsy biomarker to guide the detection and treatment of metastatic PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Jiang
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 China ,grid.415444.40000 0004 1800 0367Department of Urology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101 China
| | - Hui Zhao
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 China ,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Yuxiao Chen
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 China ,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Kangjian Li
- Department of Urology, The Second People’s Hospital of Qujing City, Qujing City, Yunnan Province 655000 China
| | - Tianjie Li
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Jianheng Chen
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 China ,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 China ,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Caifen Guo
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Liangliang Qing
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Jihong Shen
- grid.285847.40000 0000 9588 0960Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032 China ,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China. .,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Peng Gu
- Department of Urology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China. .,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, 650032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Role of Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212204. [PMID: 34830085 PMCID: PMC8622108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are very small extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types and are extensively distributed in various biological fluids. Recent research indicated that exosomes can participate in regulating the tumor microenvironment and impacting tumor proliferation and progression. Due to the extensive enrollment in cancer development, exosomes have become a focus of the search for a new therapeutic method for cancer. Exosomes can be utilized for the therapeutic delivery of small molecules, proteins and RNAs to target cancer cells with a high efficiency. Exosome-carried proteins, lipids and nucleic acids are being tested as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, even as potential treatment targets for cancer. Moreover, different sources of exosomes exhibit multiple performances in cancer applications. In this review, we elaborate on the specific mechanism by which exosomes affect the communication between tumors and the microenvironment and state the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in cancers.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hong S, Ruan S, Greenberg Z, He M, McGill JL. Development of surface engineered antigenic exosomes as vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21358. [PMID: 34725399 PMCID: PMC8560785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main pathogens associated with lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. Exosomes secreted by antigen presenting cells (APCs) can elicit immune responses by carrying major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules complexed with antigenic peptides and other co-stimulating factors. Therefore, we developed novel immunomagnetic nanographene particles to sequentially isolate, surface engineer, and release intact dendritic cell (DC) exosomes for use as a potential vaccine platform against RSV. The H-2Db-restricted, immunodominant peptides from RSV (M187-195 and NS161-75) were introduced to MHC-I on DC-derived exosomes to express peptide/MHC-I (pMHC-I) complexes. A mouse model of RSV infection was used to define the immunogenicity of surface engineered exosomes for activating virus-specific immune responses. Ex vivo assays demonstrated that engineered exosomes carrying RSV-specific peptides can elicit interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by virus-specific CD8+ T cells isolated from RSV-infected C57BL/6 mice. In vivo assays demonstrated that subcutaneous administration of both M187-195 and NS161-75 engineered exosomes to mice, with or without additional adjuvant, appeared safe and well tolerated, however, did not prime antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Surface engineered exosomes are immunogenic and promising for further development as a vaccine platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Hong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shaobo Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zachary Greenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jodi L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tian W, Yang X, Yang H, Lv M, Sun X, Zhou B. Exosomal miR-338-3p suppresses non-small-cell lung cancer cells metastasis by inhibiting CHL1 through the MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1030. [PMID: 34718336 PMCID: PMC8557210 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignant cancers. However, molecular mechanisms and functions involved in its pathogenesis have not been clearly elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the specific regulatory mechanisms of exosomal miR-338-3p/CHL1/MAPK signaling pathway axis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Western blotting and qRT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) were used to determine the expression levels of CHL1 and exosomal miR-338-3p in NSCLC (non-small-cell lung cancer). The CHL1 gene was upregulated and downregulated to evaluate its functions in NSCLC progression. In vitro MTS and apoptotic assays were used to investigate the functions of CHL1 and exosomal miR-338-3p in NSCLC progression. The high-throughput sequencing was used to explore differently expressed exosomal miRNAs. The biological relationships between MAPK signaling pathway and CHL1 and exosomal miR-338-3p in NSCLC were predicted through bioinformatics analyses and verified by western blotting. Elevated CHL1 levels were observed in NSCLC tissues and cells. Upregulated CHL1 expression enhanced NSCLC cells’ progression by promoting tumor cells proliferation while suppressing their apoptosis. Conversely, the downregulation of the CHL1 gene inhibited NSCLC cells’ growth and promoted tumor cells’ apoptotic rate. Additionally, CHL1 activated the MAPK signaling pathway. Besides, we confirmed that miR-338-3p directly sponged with CHL1 to mediate tumor cells progression. Moreover, exosomal miR-338-3p serum levels in NSCLC patients were found to be low. BEAS-2B cells can transfer exosomal miR-338-3p to A549 cells and SK-MES-1 cells. In addition, elevated exosomal miR-338-3p levels significantly inhibited tumor cells proliferation and promoted their apoptosis by suppressing activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Exosomal miR-338-3p suppresses tumor cells' metastasis by downregulating the expression of CHL1 through MAPK signaling pathway inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianglin Yang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Yang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiwen Lv
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinran Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hamdan Y, Mazini L, Malka G. Exosomes and Micro-RNAs in Aging Process. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080968. [PMID: 34440172 PMCID: PMC8393989 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are the main actors of intercellular communications and have gained great interest in the new cell-free regenerative medicine. These nanoparticles are secreted by almost all cell types and contain lipids, cytokines, growth factors, messenger RNA, and different non-coding RNA, especially micro-RNAs (mi-RNAs). Exosomes' cargo is released in the neighboring microenvironment but is also expected to act on distant tissues or organs. Different biological processes such as cell development, growth and repair, senescence, migration, immunomodulation, and aging, among others, are mediated by exosomes and principally exosome-derived mi-RNAs. Moreover, their therapeutic potential has been proved and reinforced by their use as biomarkers for disease diagnostics and progression. Evidence has increasingly shown that exosome-derived mi-RNAs are key regulators of age-related diseases, and their involvement in longevity is becoming a promising issue. For instance, mi-RNAs such as mi-RNA-21, mi-RNA-29, and mi-RNA-34 modulate tissue functionality and regeneration by targeting different tissues and involving different pathways but might also interfere with long life expectancy. Human mi-RNAs profiling is effectively related to the biological fluids that are reported differently between young and old individuals. However, their underlying mechanisms modulating cell senescence and aging are still not fully understood, and little was reported on the involvement of mi-RNAs in cell or tissue longevity. In this review, we summarize exosome biogenesis and mi-RNA synthesis and loading mechanism into exosomes' cargo. Additionally, we highlight the molecular mechanisms of exosomes and exosome-derived mi-RNA regulation in the different aging processes.
Collapse
|
29
|
Martinez-Arroyo O, Selma-Soriano E, Ortega A, Cortes R, Redon J. Small Rab GTPases in Intracellular Vesicle Trafficking: The Case of Rab3A/Raphillin-3A Complex in the Kidney. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7679. [PMID: 34299299 PMCID: PMC8303874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small Rab GTPases, the largest group of small monomeric GTPases, regulate vesicle trafficking in cells, which are integral to many cellular processes. Their role in neurological diseases, such as cancer and inflammation have been extensively studied, but their implication in kidney disease has not been researched in depth. Rab3a and its effector Rabphillin-3A (Rph3A) expression have been demonstrated to be present in the podocytes of normal kidneys of mice rats and humans, around vesicles contained in the foot processes, and they are overexpressed in diseases with proteinuria. In addition, the Rab3A knockout mice model induced profound cytoskeletal changes in podocytes of high glucose fed animals. Likewise, RphA interference in the Drosophila model produced structural and functional damage in nephrocytes with reduction in filtration capacities and nephrocyte number. Changes in the structure of cardiac fiber in the same RphA-interference model, open the question if Rab3A dysfunction would produce simultaneous damage in the heart and kidney cells, an attractive field that will require attention in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martinez-Arroyo
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (R.C.)
| | - Estela Selma-Soriano
- Physiopathology of Cellular and Organic Oxidative Stress Group, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana Ortega
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (R.C.)
| | - Raquel Cortes
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (R.C.)
| | - Josep Redon
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (O.M.-A.); (R.C.)
- CIBERObn, Carlos III Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Burgos-Ravanal R, Campos A, Díaz-Vesga MC, González MF, León D, Lobos-González L, Leyton L, Kogan MJ, Quest AFG. Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Cancer Disease and as Nanosystems in Theranostic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3324. [PMID: 34283059 PMCID: PMC8268753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide despite decades of intense efforts to understand the molecular underpinnings of the disease. To date, much of the focus in research has been on the cancer cells themselves and how they acquire specific traits during disease development and progression. However, these cells are known to secrete large numbers of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are now becoming recognized as key players in cancer. EVs contain a large number of different molecules, including but not limited to proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs, and they are actively secreted by many different cell types. In the last two decades, a considerable body of evidence has become available indicating that EVs play a very active role in cell communication. Cancer cells are heterogeneous, and recent evidence reveals that cancer cell-derived EV cargos can change the behavior of target cells. For instance, more aggressive cancer cells can transfer their "traits" to less aggressive cancer cells and convert them into more malignant tumor cells or, alternatively, eliminate those cells in a process referred to as "cell competition". This review discusses how EVs participate in the multistep acquisition of specific traits developed by tumor cells, which are referred to as "the hallmarks of cancer" defined by Hanahan and Weinberg. Moreover, as will be discussed, EVs play an important role in drug resistance, and these more recent advances may explain, at least in part, why pharmacological therapies are often ineffective. Finally, we discuss literature proposing the use of EVs for therapeutic and prognostic purposes in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Burgos-Ravanal
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - América Campos
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Magda C. Díaz-Vesga
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Cali 760008, Colombia
| | - María Fernanda González
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Daniela León
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7590943, Chile;
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Marcelo J. Kogan
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li S, Liu J, Liu S, Jiao W, Wang X. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles prevent the development of osteoarthritis via the circHIPK3/miR-124-3p/MYH9 axis. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:194. [PMID: 34193158 PMCID: PMC8244143 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may play a vital role in a variety of biological processes, including cartilage regeneration. However, few studies reported their potential in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) previously. In this study, we explored the biological roles and underlying mechanism of MSCs-EVs in OA. Results Co-culture experiments revealed that MSCs-EVs could promote the expression of collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1), SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) and Aggrecan while negatively regulate the expression of chondrocyte hypertrophy markers matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) and RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in mouse chondrocytes in the OA model. Besides, the results of cell experiments indicated that MSCs-EVs could notably weaken the suppression of chondrocyte proliferation, migration and the promotion of chondrocyte apoptosis via interleukin1β (IL-1β) induction. In addition, MSCs-circHIPK3-EVs (EVs derived from MSCs overexpressing circHIPK3) considerably improved IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury. Mechanistically, we elucidated that circHIPK3 could directly bind to miR-124-3p and subsequently elevate the expression of the target gene MYH9. Conclusion The findings in our study demonstrated that EVs-circHIPK3 participated in MSCs-EVs-mediated chondrocyte proliferation and migration induction and in chondrocyte apoptosis inhibition via the miR-124-3p/MYH9 axis. This offers a promising novel cell-free therapy for treating OA. Graphic abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China. .,Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu J, Yoo J, Ho JY, Jung Y, Lee S, Hur SY, Choi YJ. Plasma-derived exosomal miR-4732-5p is a promising noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:59. [PMID: 33910598 PMCID: PMC8082916 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomal miRNAs regulate gene expression and play important roles in several diseases. We used exosomal miRNA profiling to investigate diagnostic biomarkers of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS In total, 55 individuals were enrolled, comprising healthy (n = 21) and EOC subjects (n = 34). Small mRNA (smRNA) sequencing and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) were performed to identify potential biomarkers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted to determine biomarker sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Using smRNA sequencing, we identified seven up-regulated (miR-4732-5p, miR-877-5p, miR-574-3p, let-7a-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7c-5p, and let-7f-5p) and two down-regulated miRNAs (miR-1273f and miR-342-3p) in EOC patients when compared with healthy subjects. Of these, miR-4732-5p and miR-1273f were the most up-regulated and down-regulated respectively, therefore they were selected for RT-PCR analysis. Plasma derived exosomal miR-4732-5p had an area under the ROC curve of 0.889, with 85.7% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity in distinguishing EOC patients from healthy subjects (p<0.0001) and could be a potential biomarker for monitoring the EOC progression from early stage to late stage (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Plasma derived exosomal miR-4732-5p may be a promising candidate biomarker for diagnosing EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jigeun Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuyeon Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanha Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Song T, Li L, Wu S, Liu Y, Guo C, Wang W, Dai L, Zhang T, Wu H, Su B. Peripheral Blood Genetic Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:583714. [PMID: 33777736 PMCID: PMC7991745 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.583714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has high mortality. Biomarkers related to HCC, such as alpha-fetoprotein, and imaging technology, such as ultrasound and computed tomography, have been used to screen and monitor HCC, but HCC is still difficult to diagnose effectively in the early stage due to the low sensitivity of the above mentioned traditional methods. There is an urgent need for noninvasive biomarkers to facilitate the screening and early diagnosis of HCC. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing, genetic biomarkers are becoming the core of cancer diagnosis. Genetic biomarkers such as peripheral blood circulating tumor DNA, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, and exosomes have become the focus of early HCC diagnostics. HCC genetic biomarkers have been implemented in clinical practice. In this review, we describe the available literature on peripheral blood genetic biomarkers in the diagnosis of early HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Center of Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Caiping Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Medical Immunology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|