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Turicea B, Sahoo DK, Allbaugh RA, Stinman CC, Kubai MA. Novel treatment of infectious keratitis in canine corneas using ultraviolet C (UV-C) light. Vet Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 39118265 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of 275 nm wavelength ultraviolet C (UV-C) light for treatment of bacterial keratitis in canine corneas using an affordable, broadly available modified handheld device. METHODS UV-C therapy (UVCT) was evaluated in two experiments: in vitro using triplicates of three bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas spp., and a mix of all species) where the UVCT was performed at a distance of 10, 15, and 20 mm with 1 or 2 doses (4 h apart) for 5, 15, or 30 s; ex vivo model where healthy canine corneal buttons were inoculated superficially and deep (330 μm) with the same bacterial isolates and treated at a 10 mm distance for 15 s with one dose of 22.5 mJ/cm2. Fluorescent marker (STYO9-PI) was used to label (green = live bacteria, red = dead bacteria), and confocal microscopy was used to image the bacteria. RESULTS In vitro results showed all plates treated with UVCT had 100% bactericidal effect for all isolates with single dose of 15 s at 10 mm distance or two doses, 4 h apart at 15 mm and was ineffective with single dose at 15-20 mm. The ex vivo results confirmed a significant decrease in bacterial load for all isolates on samples inoculated superficially but were inconclusive for intrastromal ones. CONCLUSIONS UVCT confirmed the therapeutic potential for all tested isolates, for both in vitro and ex vivo experiments using a single exposure of 15 s. While safety studies are underway, clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bactelius Turicea
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dipak K Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Rachel A Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Chloe C Stinman
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Melissa A Kubai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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2
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Kim BZ, Lim JZ, McGhee CNJ. Cysts and tumours of the iris: Diagnostic tools and key management considerations-A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:665-683. [PMID: 38577954 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The iris is a unique structure, with exquisite variations in colour and form. Pathological changes, specifically including iris cysts and tumours are relatively uncommon, difficult to diagnose, and yet potentially blinding or life-threatening. Based on a comprehensive literature review, with highly illustrated key case examples, this report aims to guide the clinician in filtering the differential diagnoses of iris cysts and tumours. Evaluation is in the context of key diagnostic clinical tools and management considerations. Diagnostic imaging techniques include serial anterior segment photography, ultrasound, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and iris fluorescein angiography, however, the roles of computerised topography and magnetic resonance imaging are also considered in this review. Management includes categorisation in terms of solid iris tumours (melanocytic vs. non-melanocytic), or iris cysts (primary vs. secondary) that may be usefully differentiated by clinical assessment, avoiding more invasive interventions. Cystic lesions are generally benign, although implantation cysts in particular cause significant complications and surgical challenges. Most solid tumours are melanocytic and also typically benign. However, in larger lesions, rapid growth, symptoms and complications more likely indicate malignancy, requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bia Z Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Greenlane Eye Clinic, Health New Zealand (Te Whatu Ora) Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joevy Z Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Greenlane Eye Clinic, Health New Zealand (Te Whatu Ora) Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles N J McGhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Greenlane Eye Clinic, Health New Zealand (Te Whatu Ora) Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Arockiaraj BM, Cahoon EK, Sargen MR, Long E, Tucker MA, Mai JZ. Ambient ultraviolet radiation and ocular melanoma incidence in the United States, 2000-2019. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1618-1625. [PMID: 38351125 PMCID: PMC11156983 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Ocular melanoma is a rare, but deadly cancer. This large cancer registry study examines the associations between solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and incidence of different anatomical sites of ocular melanoma by sex, age, laterality, and race and ethnicity. METHODS Incidence data were derived from 21 cancer registries in the US for the years 2000-2019. Satellite-based UVR estimates were linked to county of residence at diagnosis. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for UVR quartiles using Poisson models. RESULTS UVR was not associated with total ocular melanoma (N = 18,089) comparing Q4 versus Q1 (IRR = 0.98; 95%CI:0.94,1.03; p-trend = 0.07) or conjunctival melanoma (IRR = 0.99; 95%CI:0.82,1.19; p-trend = 0.81). However, in analyses of continuous UVR (per 10 mW/m2), risks were reduced for total ocular melanoma (IRR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99). Incidence was increased for ciliary body/iris melanoma in the highest UVR quartile (IRR = 1.63; 95%CI:1.43,1.87; p-trend < 0.0001) and remained increased in non-Hispanic White individuals only. Incidence was reduced for choroidal melanoma in the highest UVR quartile (IRR = 0.86; 95%CI:0.82,0.91; p-trend < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS UVR may be associated with increased risk of ciliary body/iris melanoma. Reduced risk of choroidal melanoma may be due to higher diffuse UVR exposure to posterior ocular sites in locations at higher latitudes. Our results support and expand previous findings of associations of UVR using various surrogates on ocular melanoma risk and serve as a starting point for understanding the differences in the relationship between UVR and specific anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilica M Arockiaraj
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael R Sargen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erping Long
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jim Z Mai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Ju X, Rokohl AC, Li X, Guo Y, Yao K, Fan W, Heindl LM. A UV-related risk analysis in ophthalmic malignancies: Increased UV exposure may cause ocular malignancies. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2024; 4:98-105. [PMID: 38707995 PMCID: PMC11066588 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the role of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the occurrence and development of various ocular malignancies. Methods In this article, we retrieved ocular malignancy data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and performed correlation analysis with the global UV index and sunshine duration. We searched for associated studies using the following databases: Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. We conducted the literature by searching the Mesh terms denoting an exposure of interest ("UV radiation", "ultraviolet rays", and "ocular malignancies", All studies included are published until December 30, 2023 without language restrictions. Results The mechanisms and epidemiological statistics of UVR on the onset and progression of eyelid malignancies are the most studied and clear. The role of UVR in conjunctival melanoma is similar to that in eyelid melanoma. The relationship between uveal melanoma and UVR is controversial, however, it may have at least a certain impact on its prognosis. UVR causes ocular surface squamous neoplasia by further activating HPV infection. Conclusions UVR is a decisive risk factor for ocular malignancies, but the incidence of ultraviolet-induced tumors is also affected by many other factors. A correct and comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of UVR in the pathogenesis of ocular malignant tumors can provide patients with more effective and selective immune regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander C. Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yongwei Guo
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanlin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig M. Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
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5
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Modenese A, Chou BR, Ádám B, Loney T, Silva Paulo M, Tenkate T, Gobba F. Occupational Exposure to Solar Radiation and the Eye: A Call to Implement Health Surveillance of Outdoor Workers. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2023; 114:e2023032. [PMID: 37534422 PMCID: PMC10415847 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, hundreds of millions of outdoor workers are exposed to solar radiation (SR) for the majority of their working life. Such occupational exposure is known to induce various adverse health effects to the eyes, mainly related to its ultraviolet (UV) component. The present work is a call-to-action aimed at raising the awareness on the need of health surveillance for the prevention of the chronic ocular diseases in outdoor workers. Photo-chemical chronic damage can induce pterygium at the outer layer of the eye and cataract in the lens. Considering carcinogenic effects, rare squamous-cells tumors of the cornea and/or of the conjunctiva and the ocular melanomas are associated with UV radiation exposure. Solar UV-related eye diseases should be considered as "occupational diseases" when there is sufficient exposure in workers, but they are often not recognized, and/or frequently not reported to the national compensation authorities. Therefore, to prevent the burden of these work-related eye pathologies, an adequate risk assessment with identification of appropriate preventive measures, and a provision of periodic health surveillance to the exposed workers, in particular considering those at higher risk of exposure or with individual susceptibility, should be urgently implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Modenese
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena (Italy).
| | - B Ralph Chou
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Balázs Ádám
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Tom Loney
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, PO Box 505055, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Marilia Silva Paulo
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa (Portugal).
| | - Thomas Tenkate
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Fabriziomaria Gobba
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena (Italy).
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Orozco CA, Mejía-García A, Ramírez M, González J, Castro-Vega L, Kreider RB, Serrano S, Combita AL, Bonilla DA. Validation of an Ultraviolet Light Response Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Uveal Melanoma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1148. [PMID: 37509183 PMCID: PMC10377706 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UVM) is a highly aggressive ocular cancer with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis particularly for patients with liver metastasis. As such, the identification of new prognostic biomarkers is critical for developing effective treatment strategies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of an ultraviolet light response gene signature to predict the prognosis of UVM patients. Our approach involved the development of a prognostic model based on genes associated with the cellular response to UV light. By employing this model, we generated risk scores to stratify patients into high- and low-risk groups. Furthermore, we conducted differential expression analysis between these two groups and explored the estimation of immune infiltration. To validate our findings, we applied our methodology to an independent UVM cohort. Through our study, we introduced a novel survival prediction tool and shed light on the underlying cellular processes within UVM tumors, emphasizing the involvement of immune subsets in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Orozco
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- Professional Program in Surgical Instrumentation, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- Professional Program in Optometry, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- Technical Program in Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Mejía-García
- Grupo de Investigación Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Marcela Ramírez
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- Professional Program in Surgical Instrumentation, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Johanna González
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- Professional Program in Optometry, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Luis Castro-Vega
- Genetics and Development of Brain Tumors Team, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Silvia Serrano
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, Bogotá 111511, Colombia
| | - Alba Lucia Combita
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia, Bogotá 111511, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Diego A Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
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7
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Stump TK, Fastner S, Jo Y, Chipman J, Haaland B, Nagelhout ES, Wankier AP, Lensink R, Zhu A, Parsons B, Grossman D, Wu YP. Objectively-Assessed Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Sunburn Occurrence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5234. [PMID: 37047850 PMCID: PMC10094127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the primary modifiable risk factor for melanoma. Wearable UVR sensors provide a means of quantifying UVR exposure objectively and with a lower burden than self-report measures used in most research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between detected UVR exposure and reported sunburn occurrence. In this study, a UVR monitoring device was worn by 97 parent-child dyads during waking hours for 14 days to measure instantaneous and accumulated UVR exposure. The results showed that the participants' total UVR exposure was associated with reported sunburn after adjusting for Fitzpatrick skin type and geographic location. It was observed that one standard erythemal dose (SED) increase in the participants' daily total UVR exposure was associated with reported sunburn (an odds ratio (OR) of 1.26 with a 95% CI of 1.13 and 1.41, and p < 0.001 for parents and an OR of 1.28 with a 95% CI of 1.12 and 1.47, and p < 0.001 for children). A one-SED increase in the participants' UVR exposure from 10 am to 4 pm was also associated with reported sunburn (an OR of 1.31 with a 95% CI of 1.15 and 1.49, and p < 0.001 for parents and an OR of 1.33 with a 95% CI of 1.12 and 1.59, and p = 0.001 for children). We found that elevated UVR exposure recordings measured by the UVR sensor were associated with reported sunburn occurrence. Future directions for wearable UVR sensors may include their use as an intervention tool to support in-the-moment sunburn prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy K. Stump
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Suzanne Fastner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yeonjung Jo
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Jonathan Chipman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Benjamin Haaland
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Nagelhout
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Ali P. Wankier
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Riley Lensink
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Angela Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Bridget Parsons
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yelena P. Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Caporali S, Butera A, Amelio I. BAP1 in cancer: epigenetic stability and genome integrity. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:117. [PMID: 36318367 PMCID: PMC9626716 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in BAP1 have been identified in a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome and in sporadic tumours. Individuals carrying familiar BAP1 monoallelic mutations display hypersusceptibility to exposure-associated cancers, such as asbestos-driven mesothelioma, thus BAP1 status has been postulated to participate in gene-environment interaction. Intriguingly, BAP1 functions display also a high degree of tissue dependency, associated to a peculiar cancer spectrum and cell types of specific functions. Mechanistically, BAP1 functions as an ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase (UCH) and controls regulatory ubiquitination of histones as well as degradative ubiquitination of a range of protein substrates. In this article we provide an overview of the most relevant findings on BAP1, underpinning its tissue specific tumour suppressor function. We also discuss the importance of its epigenetic role versus the control of protein stability in the regulation of genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Caporali
- Chair for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Constance, Germany
| | - Alessio Butera
- Chair for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Constance, Germany
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Chair for Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Constance, Germany.
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9
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Prevention of Health Risks Related to Occupational Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Times of Climate Change and COVID-19 Pandemic. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a recognized work-related risk, as is associated with the induction of long-term adverse health effects such as Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers and cataracts. Recent research provided new data suggesting an increased risk of specific forms of malignant melanoma, i.e., Lentigo Maligna Melanoma, for outdoor workers, while the relation of cumulative exposure to solar radiation with ocular diseases, such as uveal melanoma and macular degeneration, is still debated. Nowadays, one of the main focuses of prevention activities is the organization of multicomponent sun safety initiatives, which are proved to be effective, particularly when including technologies that are able to directly interact with individuals, such as phone apps, such as the recently released SunSmart Global UV App. Nevertheless, we should not forget that we are living in an era of profound changes, and phenomena such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic have an impact on all aspects of our lives, including how and when we perform, as well as the perception of, outdoor activities. In the future, this may result in possible changes in the scenario of occupational and leisure-time solar radiation exposure-related health risks.
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10
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Del Fiore P, Russo I, Dal Monico A, Tartaglia J, Ferrazzi B, Mazza M, Cavallin F, Tropea S, Buja A, Cappellesso R, Nicolè L, Chiarion-Sileni V, Menin C, Vecchiato A, Dei Tos AP, Alaibac M, Mocellin S. Altitude Effect on Cutaneous Melanoma Epidemiology in the Veneto Region (Northern Italy): A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050745. [PMID: 35629411 PMCID: PMC9146073 DOI: 10.3390/life12050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma has been increasing in the last decades among the fair-skinned population. Despite its complex and multifactorial etiology, the exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the most consistent modifiable risk factor for melanoma. Several factors influence the amount of UVR reaching the Earth’s surface. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between melanoma and altitude in an area with mixed geographic morphology, such as the Veneto region (Italy). We included 2752 melanoma patients who were referred to our centers between 1998 and 2014. Demographics, histological and clinical data, and survival information were extracted from a prospectively maintained local database. Head/neck and acral melanoma were more common in patients from the hills and the mountains, while limb and trunk melanoma were more common in patients living in plain and coastal areas. Breslow thickness, ulceration and mitotic rate impaired with increased altitude. However, the geographical area of origin was not associated with overall or disease-free survival. The geographical area of origin of melanoma patients and the “coast-plain-hill gradient” could help to estimate the influence of different sun exposure and to explain the importance of vitamin D levels in skin-cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Del Fiore
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (I.R.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-49-821-2714
| | - Irene Russo
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (I.R.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.D.M.); (J.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Alessandro Dal Monico
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.D.M.); (J.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Jacopo Tartaglia
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.D.M.); (J.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Beatrice Ferrazzi
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Marcodomenico Mazza
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (I.R.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Saveria Tropea
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (I.R.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandra Buja
- Department of Cardiological, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Nicolè
- Unit of Pathology & Cytopathology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Unit of Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology, Ospedale dell’Angelo, 30174 Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Menin
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Antonella Vecchiato
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (I.R.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.D.T.)
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.D.M.); (J.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (I.R.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Histopathologic and MR Imaging Appearance of Spontaneous and Radiation-Induced Necrosis in Uveal Melanomas: Initial Results. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010215. [PMID: 35008378 PMCID: PMC8750257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanomas may undergo necrosis, both spontaneously or following radiotherapy. Nowadays radiotherapy is the preferred treatment, whereas enucleation of the eye is used in selected cases. In order to differentiate the effects of radiotherapy from spontaneous degenerative changes in uveal melanomas, we compared the appearance of necrosis, both from a histopathological point of view and from the perspective of MR imaging, in two groups of patients with uveal melanoma: a group who had undergone previous proton beam radiotherapy (secondary enucleation); a control group who had undergone enucleation without any previous radiotherapy treatment (primary enucleation). Irradiated and nonirradiated uveal melanomas differ on the basis of the histological appearance, the MR imaging appearance and the distribution of necrosis. We hope that the findings we observed could be extended to all patients with uveal melanomas treated with radiotherapy, and may enhance the accuracy of radiologists in evaluating MR examinations after radiotherapy. Abstract Necrosis in uveal melanomas can be spontaneous or induced by radiotherapy. The purpose of our study was to compare the histopathologic and MRI findings of radiation-induced necrosis of a group of proton beam-irradiated uveal melanomas with those of spontaneous necrosis of a control group of patients undergoing primary enucleation. 11 uveal melanomas who had undergone proton beam radiotherapy, MRI and secondary enucleation, and a control group of 15 untreated uveal melanomas who had undergone MRI and primary enucleation were retrospectively identified. Within the irradiated and nonirradiated group, 7 and 6 eyes with histological evidence of necrosis respectively, were furtherly selected for the final analysis; the appearance of necrosis was assessed at histopathologic examination and MRI. Irradiated melanomas showed a higher degree of necrosis as compared with nonirradiated tumors. Irradiated and nonirradiated lesions differed based on the appearance and distribution of necrosis. Irradiated tumors showed large necrotic foci, sharply demarcated from the viable neoplastic tissue; nonirradiated tumors demonstrated small, distinct foci of necrosis. Radiation-induced necrosis, more pigmented than surrounding viable tumor, displayed high signal intensity on T1-weighted and low signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The hemorrhagic/coagulative necrosis, more prevalent in nonirradiated tumors (4 out of 6 vs. 1 out of 7 cases), appeared hyperintense on T2-weighted and hypointense on T1-weighted images. Our study boosts the capability to recognize radiation-induced alterations in uveal melanomas at MRI and may improve the accuracy of radiologists in the evaluation of follow-up MR examination after radiotherapy.
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Prognostic Biomarkers in Uveal Melanoma: The Status Quo, Recent Advances and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010096. [PMID: 35008260 PMCID: PMC8749988 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although rare, uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common cancer that develops inside adult eyes. The prognosis is poor, since 50% of patients will develop lethal metastases in the first decade, especially to the liver. Once metastases are detected, life expectancy is limited, given that the available treatments are mostly unsuccessful. Thus, there is a need to find methods that can accurately predict UM prognosis and also effective therapeutic strategies to treat this cancer. In this manuscript, we initially compile the current knowledge on epidemiological, clinical, pathological and molecular features of UM. Then, we cover the most relevant prognostic factors currently used for the evaluation and follow-up of UM patients. Afterwards, we highlight emerging molecular markers in UM published over the last three years. Finally, we discuss the problems preventing meaningful advances in the treatment and prognostication of UM patients, as well as forecast new roadblocks and paths of UM-related research. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common malignant intraocular tumour in the adult population. It is a rare cancer with an incidence of nearly five cases per million inhabitants per year, which develops from the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes in the choroid (≈90%), ciliary body (≈6%) or iris (≈4%). Patients initially present either with symptoms like blurred vision or photopsia, or without symptoms, with the tumour being detected in routine eye exams. Over the course of the disease, metastases, which are initially dormant, develop in nearly 50% of patients, preferentially in the liver. Despite decades of intensive research, the only approach proven to mildly control disease spread are early treatments directed to ablate liver metastases, such as surgical excision or chemoembolization. However, most patients have a limited life expectancy once metastases are detected, since there are limited therapeutic approaches for the metastatic disease, including immunotherapy, which unlike in cutaneous melanoma, has been mostly ineffective for UM patients. Therefore, in order to offer the best care possible to these patients, there is an urgent need to find robust models that can accurately predict the prognosis of UM, as well as therapeutic strategies that effectively block and/or limit the spread of the metastatic disease. Here, we initially summarized the current knowledge about UM by compiling the most relevant epidemiological, clinical, pathological and molecular data. Then, we revisited the most important prognostic factors currently used for the evaluation and follow-up of primary UM cases. Afterwards, we addressed emerging prognostic biomarkers in UM, by comprehensively reviewing gene signatures, immunohistochemistry-based markers and proteomic markers resulting from research studies conducted over the past three years. Finally, we discussed the current hurdles in the field and anticipated the future challenges and novel avenues of research in UM.
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Chalada M, Ramlogan-Steel CA, Dhungel BP, Goh AY, Gardiner S, Layton CJ, Steel JC. Differences in Uveal Melanoma Age-Standardized Incidence Rates in Two Eastern States of Australia Are Driven by Differences in Rurality and Ultraviolet Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5894. [PMID: 34885004 PMCID: PMC8657208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the second-most-common melanoma in humans and has a high age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) in Australia. Regional patterns of UM ASRs in Australia are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine and compare UM ASRs in two geographically disparate eastern states, Queensland (QLD) and Victoria (VIC), by using cancer registry data that was obtained from 2001 to 2013. World-standardized UM ASRs and incidence-rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. Higher UM ASR was also observed in anterior UM compared to posterior UM ASR. UM ASR remained unchanged from 2001 to 2013 in QLD but decreased in VIC. A south-to-north latitude trend in UM ASR along the east of Australia is weakly evident, and rural populations have higher UM ASRs than major city populations in both states. Differences in ultraviolent radiation (UVR) susceptibility, indigenous populations, social behaviours, chemical exposure, and socioeconomic status could all be contributing to differences in UM rates between QLD and VIC and between rural compared to major city areas. It is possible that a minority of cases in QLD and VIC might be prevented by sun-protective behaviours. This is important, because these findings suggest that QLD, which is already known to have one of the highest cutaneous melanoma (CM) ASRs in the world, also has one of the highest UM ASRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Chalada
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (M.C.); (C.A.R.-S.)
| | - Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (M.C.); (C.A.R.-S.)
| | - Bijay P. Dhungel
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amanda Y. Goh
- Faculty of Medicine, Greenslopes Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Greenslopes, QLD 4120, Australia;
| | - Samuel Gardiner
- Clinical Research Centre, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Christopher J. Layton
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (M.C.); (C.A.R.-S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Greenslopes Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Greenslopes, QLD 4120, Australia;
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jason C. Steel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (M.C.); (C.A.R.-S.)
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