1
|
Ma WQ, Miao MC, Ding PA, Tan BB, Liu WB, Guo S, Er LM, Zhang ZD, Zhao Q. CALD1 facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition progression in gastric cancer cells by modulating the PI3K-Akt pathway. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1029-1045. [PMID: 38577446 PMCID: PMC10989365 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CALD1 has been discovered to be abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, including gastric cancer (GC), and is associated with tumor progression and immune infiltration; however, the roles and mechanisms of CALD1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC are unknown. AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of CALD1 in GC progression, invasion, and migration. METHODS In this study, the relationship between CALD1 and GC, as well as the possible network regulatory mechanisms of CALD1, was investigated by bioinformatics and validated by experiments. CALD1-siRNA was synthesized and used to transfect GC cells. Cell activity was measured using the CCK-8 method, cell migration and invasive ability were measured using wound healing assay and Transwell assay, and the expression levels of relevant genes and proteins in each group of cells were measured using qRT-PCR and Western blot. A GC cell xenograft model was established to verify the results of in vitro experiments. RESULTS Bioinformatics results showed that CALD1 was highly expressed in GC tissues, and CALD1 was significantly higher in EMT-type GC tissues than in tissues of other types of GC. The prognosis of patients with high expression of CALD1 was worse than that of patients with low expression, and a prognostic model was constructed and evaluated. The experimental results were consistent with the results of the bioinformatics analysis. The expression level of CALD1 in GC cell lines was all higher than that in gastric epithelial cell line GES-1, with the strongest expression found in AGS and MKN45 cells. Cell activity was significantly reduced after CALD1-siRNA transfection of AGS and MKN45 cells. The ability of AGS and MKN45 cells to migrate and invade was reduced after CALD1-siRNA transfection, and the related mRNA and protein expression was altered. According to bioinformatics findings in GC samples, the CALD1 gene was significantly associated with the expression of members of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway as well as the EMT signaling pathway, and was closely related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Experimental validation revealed that upregulation of CALD1 increased the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR, members of the PI3K-Akt pathway,while decreasing the expression of PTEN; PI3K-Akt inhibitor treatment decreased the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in cells overexpressing CALD1 (still higher than that in the normal group), but increased the expression of PTEN (still lower than that in the normal group). CCK-8 results revealed that the effect of CALD1 on tumor cell activity was decreased by the addition of the inhibitor. Scratch and Transwell experiments showed that the effect of CALD1 on tumor cell migration and invasion was weakened by the addition of the PI3K-Akt inhibitor. The mRNA and protein levels of EMT-related genes in AGS and MKN45 cells were greatly altered by the overexpression of CALD1, whereas the effect of overexpression of CALD1 was significantly weakened by the addition of the PI3K-Akt inhibitor. Animal experiments showed that tumour growth was slow after inhibition of CALD1, and the expression of some PI3K-Akt and EMT pathway proteins was altered. CONCLUSION Increased expression of CALD1 is a key factor in the progression, invasion, and metastasis of GC, which may be associated with regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway to promote EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Ma
- Department of Endoscopy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ming-Chang Miao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ping-An Ding
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bi-Bo Tan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shuo Guo
- Department of Endoscopy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Mian Er
- Department of Endoscopy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Lin G, Cui M, Wang L, Ding D, Li X, Fan X, Yang Q, Wang Y, Kang C, Zhang L, Liu B, Su J. Hub biomarkers in ultrasound-guided bladder cancer and osteosarcoma: Myosin light chain kinase and caldesmon. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36414. [PMID: 38050320 PMCID: PMC10695499 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer and osteosarcoma are 2 types of cancers that originate from epithelial tissues inside the bladder and bone or muscle tissues. Ultrasound-guided biopsies provide crucial support for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer and osteosarcoma. However, the relationship between myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and caldesmon (CALD1) and bladder cancer and osteosarcoma remains unclear. The bladder cancer datasets GSE65635 and GSE100926, the osteosarcoma dataset GSE39058, were obtained from gene expression omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed. The construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction network, functional enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis. Gene expression heat map was drawn and immune infiltration analysis was performed. The comparative toxicogenomics database analysis were performed to find disease most related to core gene. Western blotting experiments were performed. TargetScan screened miRNAs that regulated central DEGs. We obtained 54 DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment in terms of cellular differentiation, cartilage development, skeletal development, muscle actin cytoskeleton, actin filament, Rho GTPase binding, DNA binding, fibroblast binding, MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, and cancer pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were primarily enriched in terms of skeletal development, cartilage development, muscle actin cytoskeleton, MAPK signaling pathway, and apoptosis. The immune infiltration analysis showed that when T cells regulatory were highly expressed, Eosinophils exhibited a similar high expression, suggesting a strong positive correlation between T cells regulatory and Eosinophils, which might influence the disease progression in osteosarcoma. We identified 6 core genes (SRF, CTSK, MYLK, VCAN, MEF2C, CALD1). MYLK and CALD1 were significantly correlated with survival rate and exhibited lower expression in bladder cancer and osteosarcoma samples compared to normal samples. Comparative toxicogenomics database analysis results indicated associations of core genes with osteosarcoma, bladder tumors, bladder diseases, tumors, inflammation, and necrosis. The results of Western blotting showed that the expression levels of MYLK and CALD1 in bladder cancer and osteosarcoma were lower than those in normal tissues. MYLK and CALD1 likely play a role in regulating muscle contraction and smooth muscle function in bladder cancer and osteosarcoma. The lower expression of MYLK and CALD1 is associated with poorer prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Li
- Yungang Community Health Service Center, 731 Hospital of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guihu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 731 Hospital of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meiyue Cui
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, 731 Hospital of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Functional Department, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Ding
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Badachu Xixia Zhuang, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, 731 Hospital, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Fan
- Rehabilitation Center, Lianyungang First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Badachu Xixia Zhuang, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Badachu Xixia Zhuang, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Kang
- Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Badachu Xixia Zhuang, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhi Su
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie JB, Zhang H, Li XF, Han SY, Li XL. MiR-1278 targets CALD1 and suppresses the progression of gastric cancer via the MAPK pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230776. [PMID: 38025524 PMCID: PMC10656762 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the interaction between miR-1278 and Caldesmon (CALD1) in gastric cancer (GC) and the regulatory mechanism. In both GC cells and tissues, the levels of CALD1, miR-1278, migration-related markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Snail), and MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins were clarified using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting analyses. The effects of miR-1278 and CALD1 on GC cell viability and migration were analyzed using CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. The targeting effect of miR-1278 on CALD1 was investigated using bioinformatics prediction and a dual luciferase reporter assay. The effect of miR-1278 on tumor growth was estimated in vivo using a tumor xenograft assay. In GC, miR-1278 expression decreased, whereas CALD1 was highly expressed. Transfecting an miR-1278 mimic into cells inhibited the viability as well as migration of GC cells, and suppressed Ras, phosphorylated (p)-P38, and p-ERK1/2 protein levels. Moreover, miR-1278 targeted and negatively regulated CALD1 expression. CALD1 overexpression promoted GC cell survival and migration and activated the MAPK pathway. Treatment with an miR-1278 mimic partially rescued the changes caused by CALD1 overexpression. Overall, our study revealed that miR-1278 suppresses the malignant behavior of GC cells by targeting CALD1 and regulating the MAPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bei Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou450003, Henan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, Henan, China
| | - Shuang-Yin Han
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, Henan, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Virtanen V, Paunu K, Kukkula A, Niva S, Junila Y, Toriseva M, Jokilehto T, Mäkelä S, Huhtaniemi R, Poutanen M, Paatero I, Sundvall M. Glucocorticoid receptor-induced non-muscle caldesmon regulates metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:42. [PMID: 37573448 PMCID: PMC10423232 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lethal prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by the presence of metastases and development of resistance to therapies. Metastases form in a multi-step process enabled by dynamic cytoskeleton remodeling. An actin cytoskeleton regulating gene, CALD1, encodes a protein caldesmon (CaD). Its isoform, low-molecular-weight CaD (l-CaD), operates in non-muscle cells, supporting the function of filaments involved in force production and mechanosensing. Several factors, including glucocorticoid receptor (GR), have been identified as regulators of l-CaD in different cell types, but the regulation of l-CaD in PCa has not been defined. PCa develops resistance in response to therapeutic inhibition of androgen signaling by multiple strategies. Known strategies include androgen receptor (AR) alterations, modified steroid synthesis, and bypassing AR signaling, for example, by GR upregulation. Here, we report that in vitro downregulation of l-CaD promotes epithelial phenotype and reduces spheroid growth in 3D, which is reflected in vivo in reduced formation of metastases in zebrafish PCa xenografts. In accordance, CALD1 mRNA expression correlates with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcripts in PCa patients. We also show that CALD1 is highly co-expressed with GR in multiple PCa data sets, and GR activation upregulates l-CaD in vitro. Moreover, GR upregulation associates with increased l-CaD expression after the development of resistance to antiandrogen therapy in PCa xenograft mouse models. In summary, GR-regulated l-CaD plays a role in forming PCa metastases, being clinically relevant when antiandrogen resistance is attained by the means of bypassing AR signaling by GR upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Virtanen
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kreetta Paunu
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Saana Niva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ylva Junila
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mervi Toriseva
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Jokilehto
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Mäkelä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Huhtaniemi
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Biomedicine, and FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PL52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu H, Lin Q, Gao X, Huang X. Identification of the hub genes associated with prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1168772. [PMID: 37251946 PMCID: PMC10213256 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1168772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the male urogenital system; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study integrated two cohort profile datasets to elucidate the potential hub genes and mechanisms in PCa. Methods and Results Gene expression profiles GSE55945 and GSE6919 were filtered from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain 134 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (14 upregulated and 120 downregulated) in PCa. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, showing that these DEGs were mainly involved in biological functions such as cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, migration, focal adhesion, and vascular smooth muscle contraction. The STRING database and Cytoscape tools were used to analyze protein-protein interactions and identify 15 hub candidate genes. Violin plot, boxplot, and prognostic curve analyses were performed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, which identified seven hub genes, including upregulated expressed SPP1 and downregulated expressed MYLK, MYL9, MYH11, CALD1, ACTA2, and CNN1 in PCa compared with normal tissue. Correlation analysis was performed using the OmicStudio tools, which showed that these hub genes were moderately to strongly correlated with each other. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blotting were performed to validate the hub genes, showing that the abnormal expression of the seven hub genes in PCa was consistent with the analysis results of the GEO database. Discussion Taken together, MYLK, MYL9, MYH11, CALD1, ACTA2, SPP1, and CNN1 are hub genes significantly associated with PCa occurrence. These genes are abnormally expressed, leading to the formation, proliferation, invasion, and migration of PCa cells and promoting tumor neovascularization. These genes may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with PCa.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen J, Wang H, Deng C, Fei M. SLC12A5 as a novel potential biomarker of glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4285-4299. [PMID: 36917367 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and malignant intracranial tumor with significant features of dismal prognosis and limited therapeutic solutions. Consequently, the present studies are committed to exploring potential biomarkers through bioinformatics analysis, which may serve as valuable prognostic predictors or novel therapeutic targets and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of GBM. METHODS We filtered overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on expression profilings from three GBM microarray datasets (GSE116520, GSE4290 and GSE68848) and combined RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. Hub genes were prioritized from DEGs after performing protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). This was followed by survival analysis to identify potential biomarkers among hub genes. Ultimately, the distributions of gene expressions, genetic alterations, upstream regulatory mechanisms and enrichments of gene functions of the identified biomarkers were analysed on public databases. QRT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining and western blotting was also used to confirm the gene expression patterns in GBM and normal brain tissues. CCK-8 assay clarified the effects of the genes on GBM cells. RESULTS A total of 322 common DEGs were determined and nine genes were subsequently considered as hub genes by the combination of PPI network analysis and WGCNA. Only SLC12A5 had prognostic significance, which was deficient in GBM whereas especially enriched in normal neural tissues. SLC12A5 overexpression would inhibit cell proliferation of U251MG. Genetic alterations of SLC12A5 were rarely seen in GBM patients, and there was no apparent association existed between SLC12A5 expression and DNA methylation. SLC12A5 was prominently involved in ion transport, synapse and neurotransmitter. CONCLUSION SLC12A5 shows promise to function as a novel effective biomarker for GBM and deserves further systematic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chulei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maoxing Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lei Q, Yuan B, Liu K, Peng L, Xia Z. A novel prognostic related lncRNA signature associated with amino acid metabolism in glioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1014378. [PMID: 37114036 PMCID: PMC10126287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1014378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is one of the deadliest malignant brain tumors in adults, which is highly invasive and has a poor prognosis, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have key roles in the progression of glioma. Amino acid metabolism reprogramming is an emerging hallmark in cancer. However, the diverse amino acid metabolism programs and prognostic value remain unclear during glioma progression. Thus, we aim to find potential amino-related prognostic glioma hub genes, elaborate and verify their functions, and explore further their impact on glioma. Methods Glioblastoma (GBM) and low-grade glioma (LGG) patients' data were downloaded from TCGA and CCGA datasets. LncRNAs associated with amino acid metabolism were discriminated against via correlation analysis. LASSO analysis and Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify lncRNAs related to prognosis. GSVA and GSEA were performed to predict the potential biological functions of lncRNA. Somatic mutation data and CNV data were further built to demonstrate genomic alterations and the correlation between risk scores. Human glioma cell lines U251 and U87-MG were used for further validation in vitro experiments. Results There were eight amino-related lncRNAs in total with a high prognostic value that were identified via Cox regression and LASSO regression analyses. The high risk-score group presented a significantly poorer prognosis compared with the low risk-score group, with more clinicopathological features and characteristic genomic aberrations. Our results provided new insights into biological functions in the above signature lncRNAs, which participate in the amino acid metabolism of glioma. LINC01561 is one of the eight identified lncRNAs, which was adopted for further verification. In in vitro experiments, siRNA-mediated LINC01561 silencing suppresses glioma cells' viability, migration, and proliferation. Conclusion Novel amino-related lncRNAs associated with the survival of glioma patients were identified, and a lncRNA signature can predict glioma prognosis and therapy response, which possibly has vital roles in glioma. Meanwhile, it emphasized the importance of amino acid metabolism in glioma, particularly in providing deeper research at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiwei Xia, ; Li Peng,
| | - Zhiwei Xia
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiwei Xia, ; Li Peng,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paltsev MA, Markelova AY, Mironova ES, Novak-Bobarykina UA, Zubareva TS, Khop DN, Kvetnoy IM. [Caldesmon and tumor growth: prospects for optimizing diagnosis and targeted therapy]. Arkh Patol 2023; 85:53-59. [PMID: 37053355 DOI: 10.17116/patol20238502153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor invasion plays a key role in the progression of tumors. This process is regulated by the interactions of cells and tissues, in which physical, cellular and molecular determinants undergo changes throughout the entire period of progression of tumor growth. Tumor invasion is triggered and maintained by specialized signal cascades that control the dynamic state of the cytoskeleton in tumor cells, the processes of rearrangement of cell-matrix and intercellular connections, followed by cell migration to neighboring tissues. Studying the mechanisms of regulation of cell motor activity and determining its main regulators is an important task for understanding the pathophysiology of tumor growth. Caldesmon is an actin, myosin and calmodulin binding protein. It is involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting actin and myosin binding, in the formation of actin stress fibers, and in the transport of intracellular granules. Currently, caldesmon is considered as a potential biomarker of tumor cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. The study of signaling molecules involved in tumor progression, such as caldesmon, is necessary to predict response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review highlights the main functions of caldesmon and analyzes its role in oncological pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Paltsev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Markelova
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E S Mironova
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - T S Zubareva
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D N Khop
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - I M Kvetnoy
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alnuaimi AR, Nair VA, Malhab LJB, Abu-Gharbieh E, Ranade AV, Pintus G, Hamad M, Busch H, Kirfel J, Hamoudi R, Abdel-Rahman WM. Emerging role of caldesmon in cancer: A potential biomarker for colorectal cancer and other cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1637-1653. [PMID: 36187394 PMCID: PMC9516648 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a devastating disease, mainly because of metastasis. As a result, there is a need to better understand the molecular basis of invasion and metastasis and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to aid in managing these tumors. The actin cytoskeleton and actin-binding proteins are known to play an important role in the process of cancer metastasis because they control and execute essential steps in cell motility and contractility as well as cell division. Caldesmon (CaD) is an actin-binding protein encoded by the CALD1 gene as multiple transcripts that mainly encode two protein isoforms: High-molecular-weight CaD, expressed in smooth muscle, and low-molecular weight CaD (l-CaD), expressed in nonsmooth muscle cells. According to our comprehensive review of the literature, CaD, particularly l-CaD, plays a key role in the development, metastasis, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in colorectal, breast, and urinary bladder cancers and gliomas, among other malignancies. CaD is involved in many aspects of the carcinogenic hallmarks, including epithelial mesenchymal transition via transforming growth factor-beta signaling, angiogenesis, resistance to hormonal therapy, and immune evasion. Recent data show that CaD is expressed in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, where it modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor the tumor. Interestingly, CaD undergoes selective tumor-specific splicing, and the resulting isoforms are generally not expressed in normal tissues, making these transcripts ideal targets for drug design. In this review, we will analyze these features of CaD with a focus on CRC and show how the currently available data qualify CaD as a potential candidate for targeted therapy in addition to its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alya R Alnuaimi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya A Nair
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lara J Bou Malhab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anu Vinod Ranade
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Mohamad Hamad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hauke Busch
- University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein and Luebeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck 23560, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck 23560, Germany
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mosteiro A, Pedrosa L, Ferrés A, Diao D, Sierra À, González JJ. The Vascular Microenvironment in Glioblastoma: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061285. [PMID: 35740307 PMCID: PMC9219822 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme, the deadliest primary brain tumor, is characterized by an excessive and aberrant neovascularization. The initial expectations raised by anti-angiogenic drugs were soon tempered due to their limited efficacy in improving the overall survival. Intrinsic resistance and escape mechanisms against anti-VEGF therapies evidenced that tumor angiogenesis is an intricate multifaceted phenomenon and that vessels not only support the tumor but exert indispensable interactions for resistance and spreading. This holistic review covers the essentials of the vascular microenvironment of glioblastoma, including the perivascular niche components, the vascular generation patterns and the implicated signaling pathways, the endothelial–tumor interrelation, and the interconnection between vessel aberrancies and immune disarrangement. The revised concepts provide novel insights into the preclinical models and the potential explanations for the failure of conventional anti-angiogenic therapies, leading to an era of new and combined anti-angiogenic-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mosteiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.); (J.J.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leire Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (D.D.); (À.S.)
| | - Abel Ferrés
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.); (J.J.G.)
| | - Diouldé Diao
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (D.D.); (À.S.)
| | - Àngels Sierra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (D.D.); (À.S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Juan González
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.); (J.J.G.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (D.D.); (À.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang S, Wang Q, Li W, Chen J. MIR100HG Regulates CALD1 Gene Expression by Targeting miR-142-5p to Affect the Progression of Bladder Cancer Cells in vitro, as Revealed by Transcriptome Sequencing. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:793493. [PMID: 35127818 PMCID: PMC8814626 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.793493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: The role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) networks in bladder cancer, especially the function of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in bladder cancer, are still relatively poorly understood. This research mainly used transcriptome sequencing to screen key lncRNAs and ceRNAs, explore their pathogenic mechanism in bladder cancer, and search for potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Methods: High-throughput transcriptome sequencing, combined with the limma package, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network, univariate Cox analysis, multivariate Cox analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), functional enrichment, weighed gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), ceRNA network and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses were performed to assess and screen differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Then, the effects of MIR100HG on the proliferation, migration and invasion of the bladder cancer cell line 5,637 were evaluated using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8), wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the MIR100HG/miR-142-5p and miR-142-5p/CALD1 targeting relationship, and the regulatory relationship among MIR100HG/miR-142-5p/CALD1 expression was explored using qPCR and western blot. Results: A total of 127 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 620 differentially expressed mRNAs were screened. Based on the survival prognosis analysis, Cox analysis, lncRNA-mRNA network, PPI network and WGCNA, we obtained 3 key lncRNAs and 13 key mRNAs, as well as the MIR100HG/miR-142-5p/CALD1 key regulatory axis. qPCR results showed that compared with the adjacent tissues, the expression of MIR100HG and CALD1 was up-regulated, and the expression of miR-142-5p was down-regulated. Moreover, MIR100HG expression was positively correlated with the tumor grade and clinical grade of patients with bladder cancer. Overexpression of MIR100HG effectively promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of 5,637 cells, inhibited the expression of miR-142-5p, and induced the expression of CALD1 in 5,637 cells. In addition, miR-142-5p inhibited CALD1 expression in bladder cancer cells through a direct association, and reversed the proliferation and CALD1 expression in 5,637 cells overexpressing of MIR100HG. Conclusion: MIR100HG regulates CALD1 expression by targeting miR-142-5p to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells. MIR100HG is an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer, with potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Zhang, ; Jinzhong Chen,
| | - Qin Wang
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinzhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Zhang, ; Jinzhong Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meng Z, Chen Y, Wu W, Yan B, Meng Y, Liang Y, Yao X, Luo J. Exploring the Immune Infiltration Landscape and M2 Macrophage-Related Biomarkers of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:841813. [PMID: 35692390 PMCID: PMC9186015 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.841813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Diabetic retinopathy (DR), especially proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), is the major cause of irreversible blindness in the working-age population. Increasing evidence indicates that immune cells and the inflammatory microenvironment play an important role during PDR development. Herein, we aim to explore the immune landscape of PDR and then identify potential biomarkers correlated with specific infiltrating immune cells. METHODS We mined and re-analyzed PDR-related datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Using the cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm, we investigated the infiltration of 22 types of immune cells in all selected samples; analyses of differences and correlations between infiltrating cells were used to reveal the immune landscape of PDR. Thereafter, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis were applied to identify the hub genes on M2 macrophages that may affect PDR progression. RESULTS Significant differences were found between infiltration levels of immune cells in fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) from PDR and normal retinas. The percentages of follicular helper T cells, M1 macrophages, and M2 macrophages were increased significantly in FVMs. Integrative analysis combining the differential expression and co-expression revealed the M2 macrophage-related hub genes in PDR. Among these, COL5A2, CALD1, COL6A3, CORO1C, and CALU showed increased expression in FVM and may be potential biomarkers for PDR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel insights into the immune mechanisms involved in PDR. COL5A2, CALD1, COL6A3, CORO1C, and CALU are M2 macrophage-related biomarkers, further study of these genes could inform novel ideas and basis for the understanding of disease progression and targeted treatment of PDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhishang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanzhu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongan Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youling Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yao
- Shenzhen College of International Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Luo,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh M, Jindal D, Agarwal V, Pathak D, Sharma M, Pancham P, Mani S, Rachana. New phase therapeutic pursuits for targeted drug delivery in glioblastoma multiforme. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:866-888. [PMID: 36654821 PMCID: PMC9834280 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known as the most aggressive and prevalent brain tumor with a high mortality rate. It is reported in people who are as young as 10 years old to as old as over 70 years old, exhibiting inter and intra tumor heterogeneity. There are several genomic and proteomic investigations that have been performed to find the unexplored potential targets of the drug against GBM. Therefore, certain effective targets have been taken to further validate the studies embarking on the robustness in the field of medicinal chemistry followed by testing in clinical trials. Also, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project has identified certain overexpressed targets involved in the pathogenesis of GBM in three major pathways, i.e., tumor protein 53 (p53), retinoblastoma (RB), and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/rat sarcoma virus (Ras)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. This review focuses on the compilation of recent developments in the fight against GBM thus, directing future research into the elucidation of pathogenesis and potential cure for GBM. Also, it highlights the potential biomarkers that have undergone extensive research and have promising prognostic and predictive values. Additionally, this manuscript analyses the advent of gene therapy and immunotherapy, unlocking the way to consider treatment approaches other than, or in addition to, conventional chemo-radiation therapies. This review study encompasses all the relevant research studies associated with the pathophysiology, occurrence, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic intervention for GBM. It highlights the evolution of various therapeutic perspectives against GBM from the most conventional form of radiotherapy to the recent advancement of gene/cell/immune therapy. Further, the review focuses on various targeted therapies for GBM including chemotherapy sensitization, radiotherapy, nanoparticles based, immunotherapy, cell therapy, and gene therapy which would offer a comprehensive account for exploring several facets related to GBM prognostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India,Correspondence: Manisha Singh, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India.
| | - Divya Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Deepanshi Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Pranav Pancham
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| | - Rachana
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida 201301, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The Heterogeneity of Infiltrating Macrophages in Metastatic Osteosarcoma and Its Correlation with Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:4836292. [PMID: 34335756 PMCID: PMC8321719 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4836292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Metastatic osteosarcoma is a common and fatal bone tumor. Several studies have found that tumor-infiltrating immune cells play pivotal roles in the progression of metastatic osteosarcoma. However, the heterogeneity of infiltrating immune cells across metastatic and primary osteosarcoma remains unclear. Methods Immune infiltration analysis was carried out via the “ESTIMATE” and “xCell” algorithms in primary and metastatic osteosarcoma. Then, we evaluated the prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in 85 osteosarcomas through the Kaplan–Meier (K-M) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Infiltrations of macrophage M1 and M2 were evaluated in metastatic osteosarcoma, as well as their correlation with immune checkpoints. Macrophage-related prognostic genes were identified through Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA), Lasso analysis, and Random Forest algorithm. Finally, a macrophage-related risk model had been constructed and validated. Results Macrophages, especially the macrophage M1, sparingly infiltrated in metastatic compared with the primary osteosarcoma and predicted the worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Macrophage M1 was positively correlated with immune checkpoints PDCD1, CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1LG2, CTLA4, and TIGIT. In addition, four macrophage-related prognostic genes (IL10, VAV1, CD14, and CCL2) had been identified, and the macrophage-related risk model had been validated to be reliable for evaluating prognosis in osteosarcoma. Simultaneously, the risk score showed a strong correlation with several immune checkpoints. Conclusion Macrophages potentially contribute to the regulation of osteosarcoma metastasis. It can be used as a candidate marker for metastatic osteosarcoma' prognosis and immune checkpoints blockades (ICBs) therapy. We constructed a macrophage-related risk model through machine-learning, which might help us evaluate patients' prognosis and response to ICBs therapy.
Collapse
|