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Porreca V, Corbella E, Palmisano B, Peres M, Angelone P, Barbagallo C, Stella M, Mignogna G, Mennini G, Melandro F, Rossi M, Ragusa M, Corsi A, Riminucci M, Maras B, Mancone C. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Inhibits Cell Motility and p-ERK1/2 Signaling in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines. BIOLOGY 2025; 14:155. [PMID: 40001923 PMCID: PMC11851717 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional soluble glycoprotein, primarily known for its potent anti-angiogenic properties. In recent years, its ability to counteract cell proliferation and motility has generated interest in PEDF as a potential tumor suppressor. In the intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), PEDF, Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), and Thrombospondin 2 (THBS2) are expressed and released into the tumor microenvironment (TME), where they promote lymphangiogenesis at the expense of the neoangiogenic program, aiding the dissemination of cancer cells via lymphatic vessels. Recently, we demonstrated that THBS1 and THBS2 directly affect iCCA cells, exacerbating their malignant behavior, while the direct role of PEDF remains to be elucidated. In this study, through a cell-based assay and molecular analysis, we investigate the direct function of PEDF on two well-established iCCA cell lines. Our results show that PEDF affects cancer cell motility in a paracrine manner, reducing their migratory and invasive capabilities. Notably, our data suggest that the PEDF-induced inhibition of motility in iCCA cells occurs through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, as indicated by the reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of PEDF acting as a tumor suppressor in iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Porreca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (E.C.); (B.P.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Eleonora Corbella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (E.C.); (B.P.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (E.C.); (B.P.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Marco Peres
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (E.C.); (B.P.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Pietro Angelone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (E.C.); (B.P.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences-Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Michele Stella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences-Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Mignogna
- Department of Biochemical Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Gianluca Mennini
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties P. Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Fabio Melandro
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties P. Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Massimo Rossi
- General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties P. Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences-Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (E.C.); (B.P.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (E.C.); (B.P.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Bruno Maras
- Department of Biochemical Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Carmine Mancone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (E.C.); (B.P.); (M.P.); (P.A.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
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Padmanaban V, Ruff SM, Pawlik TM. Multi-Disciplinary Care of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Review of Guidelines and Recent Advancements. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:30. [PMID: 38201457 PMCID: PMC10778096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ducts. CCA is primarily defined by its anatomic location: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma versus extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) is a subtype of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that arises from the common hepatic bile duct and can extend to the right and/or left hepatic bile ducts. Upfront surgery with adjuvant capecitabine is the standard of care for patients who present with early disease and the only curative therapy. Unfortunately, most patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease and must rely on systemic therapy as their primary treatment. However, even with current systemic therapy, survival is still poor. As such, research is focused on developing targeted therapies and multimodal strategies to improve overall prognosis. This review discusses the work-up and management of HC focused on the most up-to-date literature and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (V.P.)
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Romanzi A, Villa E. Angiogenesis: the Yin and Yang in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. HEPATOMA RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2023.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) constitutes a complex structure comprising different cell types and soluble factors that surround the tumor and promote its progression. Primarily for its pivotal role in malignant growth, TME has become a potential therapeutic objective for developing new targeted therapy and a marker for assessing therapeutic response. In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), the second most common primary liver malignancy, TME has also gained a central role in understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor progression. In this review, we focused on the role of angiogenic factors and their pathway in iCCA and analyzed possible therapeutic and prognostic implications.
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